阅读理解应试技巧
中学英语教学资源网 → 英语论文 → 阅读专题指导 手机版



大学英语四六级考试阅读理解部分是众多考生最为担心的部分。此部分得分高低，对整个考试的成功与否起着决定性作用。阅读理解不仅考查学生的词汇量、语法知识、阅读速度等基本功，而且还考查学生判断、推理、归纳、总结等综合能力。阅读理解题虽说对考生要求较高，但我们在深入研究历届四六级阅读理解真题后发现，阅读理解的命题考点和测试题型均有一定的内在规律。考生只要基本功尚可，然后掌握了这些规律，其应试技巧必将大大提高，从而在众多强手中脱颖而出。
第一单元 阅读应试理论
一、分析文章结构
一般来说，我们阅读文章的目的是为了获取信息。文章体裁不同，其结构特点就会各异。因此，我们获取信息的最有效方法之一就是去学习和了解文章的结构，以便更加准确、快速地定位我们要找的信息。
大学英语四级考试中的阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类：叙述文、说明文和议论文。下面我们结合2000年12月份的大学英语四级考试真题来具体说明如何利用文章的结构特点来达到阅读的目的。
1、叙述文
叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。但是四级考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文，因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。所以四级考试中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。这类文章的基本结构模式是：
1) 用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题)
2) 叙述先前的经历(举例1)及其感悟或发现
3) 叙述接下来的经历(举例2)及其感悟或发现
4) 做出总结或结论
2000年12月四级考试阅读理解的第二篇就是这样的结构。我们可以将其结构简化为：
1) 总括性的话：
Engineering students are supposed to be example of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool.
2) 先前的经历或想法
In high school I wanted to be ……，but I didn't chose a college with a large engineering department.
3) 往后的经历
I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university for a broad education.
4) 接下来的经历
I headed off for sure that I was going to have an advantage over others.
5) 再下来的经历
Now I am not so sure. …… I have learned the reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.
6) 结论
I have realized that the struggle to reconcile the study of engineering and liberal-arts is difficult.
只要理解了这类文章的结构特点，解答问题就相当简单，因为这类文章后的阅读理解试题大多是和文章的内容先后顺序一致的细节题。
2、说明文（描述文）
说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即：提出问题（或以一个事例引出问题）---- （专家）发现直接原因----- 分析深层原因-----得出结论或找到出路。
2000年12月四级考试阅读理解第三篇就是这样的一篇文章。
1) Priscilla Ouchuida's "energy-efficient" house turned out to be a horrible dream. …… a strange illness. （事例）
2) Experts finally traced the cause of her illness.（直接原因）
3) The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution,….（深层原因）
4) The problem appears it be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. （得出结论）
知道了类似的文章结构特点，就可以据此来进行考题预测。比如，我们看出了该篇文章属于这种结构类型，就能判断出几个问题中肯定有一个要问原因，还有可能要出现推断题。
3、议论文
我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张---反主张模式。在这一模式中，作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者说提出反主张或真实情况。1996年1月大学英语四级考试阅读理解第四篇就是这样的结构。
文章的开始提出某college teacher认为:"High school English teachers are not doing their jobs ." 因为 His students has a bad command of English.
作者的反观点是：
1) It is inevitable for one generation to complain the one immediately following it. And it is human nature to look for reasons for our dissatisfaction.
2) The people who criticize the high school teachers are not aware that their language ability has developed through the years.
最后的结论是：The concern about the decline and fall of the English language is a generation, and is not new and peculiar to today's young people.
议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。只要发现了这种结构特点，解答问题的主要任务就变成了到段落内找答案， 基本上不存在任何困难。
通过研究以上的文章结构特点，我们不难发现，在四级考试阅读理解中无论任何体裁的文章都遵循着这样一个共同的模式：提出话题（观点或事例）---- 用事例分析原因(或批驳观点)------得出结论。 对文章结构特点的把握有助于读者更加自觉地关注文章的开始和结尾，分清观点和事例，从而在四级考试的阅读理解中准确定位，快速答题。
二、把握行文脉络
境界较高的阅读是把注意力集中在作者的思想上，而不是在个别零碎“单词”上。比如读到but的时候，应当能“预见”到下一句意思与上一句相反。能够捉住作者行文的思路，这样就能把握全文的脉络。
首先要根据文中的结构词把握文章的脉络。文章按结构可分为顺承式文章和转折式文章。
顺承式结构指的是前后两个部分之间内容相近，相辅相成，通常由下列连接词连接：similarly，first，second，because，thus等等。
转折式结构一般指两个部分之间内容相反，相互对立。通常由下列转折词连接：however，yet，but，while，nevertheless等等。
区分文章是属于转折式还是顺承式，主要看文中是否有转折词。没有转折词则为顺承式结构，有转折词则为转折式结构。只要看到转折词，就可断定前后两部分的内容是相反的。
三、 巧妙绕开生词
我们这里所说的巧妙绕开生词的方法和上面分析文章结构特点的思路是统一的，也就是说，只要我们从总体上把握了文章，不用认识每一个单词也能照样理解整篇文章。
1、英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是同等的，有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能，而有些词主要起语法作用或者它所传达的信息和下文的其他信息没有联系。这类词有：表示人名，地名，机构名等专有名词。遇到这些词，只要我们能辨认出它是专有名词，就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。比如在下面的句子中："In fact", says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, "there's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep." 两个引号之间的部分就不必去管它。类似的还有： " We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.
2、我们不用弄清上面某些部分的原因是，它们的后面往往有一个同位语来解释说明它们的意思。这就引起了我们不用弄懂所有单词意思的第二个理由。也就是说如果我们对文章中的某一个单词不熟悉，我们还可以根据统一篇文章中的其他信息来帮助判断。这类信息有：同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下词以及标点符号（如破折号、冒号都表示解释和说明）等。
四、 抓住句子主干
　　我们要实现快速准确理解文章除了要抓住关键句子外，还要抓住句子当中的关键成分。主要是句子的主干，如主语、谓语和宾语，因为它们是传达信息的主要载体，其他成分，不论它有多么长，多么复杂它都是辅助成分。比如在下面的句子中：Another element in the emergence of prodigies(神童),I found , is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent. 只要我们抓住了Element is society.就可以得知社会是神童出现的一个因素。
要说明的核心问题是，我们阅读英语文章时，一定要有一个全局观念，从宏观上来把握文章，做到了这一点，我们面对各类文章的各类题型都能够从容应对。
五、解题顺序
作阅读理解题的解题顺序通常有这样几种：
——三部曲式：先读文章→再做题目→拿不准的再回头读文章
此为传统方法，命中率高，速度慢，效率自然就低。
——抓重点式：先读题目，划出考点关键词；再带着问题读文章，根据考点关键词进行定位，查找解题信息。
——感觉式：不读文章只做题目。实际上是“狗急跳墙”的做法。可是若熟练掌握解的特征，其命中率不一定非常低，我们做过试验，学生掌握解的特征后，令其只做题目不看文章，结合生活常识和其他知识进行判断，平均命中率在40%左右，远高于25%的理论值。有的天才学生甚至达到60%左右的命中率。
我们认为，这三种方法中第二种比较好，可以在正确率和效率之间达到最佳平衡。事实上，根据考点关键词进行定位这种方法需稍加训练，高中以上学生用该方法做25篇左右阅读理解就比较熟练了。
第二单元 命题考点及题型
分析研究英语四级考试阅读理解历届考题，可以发现命题者命制的考点是有一定规律的，且考点规律常与某种题型（主旨题、细节题、逻辑题、观点态度题、词义题）相对应。如果考生掌握了这些规律，就能在第一遍快速阅读短文时，敏锐地捕捉到考点并能预测可能会出的题型。考生此时应用笔在这些可能会出题的考点轻轻划上记号，等看完短文开始做题时，针对题干的提问，迅速找到做记号的考点，再仔细分析、答题。这样，考生就能节省不少时间，从而避免开始做题时又要通阅全文盲目找考点。下面，我们将这些考点规律及对应题型归纳如下：
1、列举处常考
列举处指的是First,…，second, …，Third, …等逐步列出，并列指的是A、B and C。其共同特点是列出3条或3条以上的条目。后要求考生从列举出的内容中，选出符合题干要求的答案项。该考点常出题型是"细节事实题"。 主要有两种：
①which题型
该题型要求从并列的三项中选一项作为答案，其他选项与题目无关。
②except题型
该题型要求考生通过核对文章内，排除满足文章内容的三个选项，留下不符合文章的作为答案。也称为“三缺一”题型。
例1. At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: firstly, as members of a police force they always have to be have absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.
Q: What's the policeman's biggest headache?
(A) He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.
(B) He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.
(C) He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases.
(D) He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible expense.
(分析：选A。属事实细节题。依据文章，与电影中的警察很不相同的是，现实中警察既要绝对遵守法（firstly,…）,又要及时破案（secondly,…）,这令他们很难两头兼顾，有时只有犯规。很明显，B、C、D三项都与文章内容不符。)
在做此类细节事实题时，只要把细节考点（firstly,…secondly…）找到，对照选项内容，跟细节事实不一致的就不是选项。考生只需细心一点都能辨清细节事实，选对答案。
例2．I believe we have a three-part mission for the present．First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves . Second，we mast investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third，we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade，maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on barrages．
Q: which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?
(A)Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.
(B)More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.
(C)Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.
(D) Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.
(分析：选A。属事实细节题。专生只要看懂了文章内容三个方面，很容易排除掉B、C、D三项。)
2、举例子打比喻的地方常考
为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引导的短语或句子作为举例句，这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的焦点。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的，常以"细节事实性"题型和"推断性"题型出现，但偏倾于"推断性"题型。
例1. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computer's brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival.
Q：Today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of ______ .
(A) decision making (B)drives and feelings
(C)growth of reasoning (D)information absorption
(分析：选B项。这属辩认细节事实题，依据文章我们知道计算机缺少人类所具有的动机和情感：computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures,至于动机可以被编入计算机程序，那是今后的事，就目前而言计算机在动机和情感方面不如人类。选项B符合题意。考生只要注意到for one thing 后面一句话，即可选出。)
例2．…. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquainting with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as reader, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.
Q: The passage is most like a part of 。
（A）a news article (B) a journalistic interview
(C) a research report (D) a preface
(分析：选D项。这属判断、推理题。考生在了解全文梗概之后，要正确地对文章的内容作出判断，考生关键要看懂文章最后一句话："…as this book indicates。"由此便推断正确的答案是D项。)
例3 …．In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue.…
Q：Which of the following statements does the writer support?
(A) The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.
(B) Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.
(C) Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.
(D) Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear every programmes.
(分析：选A项，属推理题，依据文中"such an expansion assumes…. However,…便可推断出A项正确。)
3、引用人物论断处常考
作者为了正确表达出自己观点或使论点更有依据，常常引用某名人的论断或重要发现等。命题者常在此作文章。多以"推理性"题为主，有时也出"细节事实性"题型。
例1．"There is a senseless notion that children grew up and leave home when they're 18, and the truth is far from that,"says sociologist Larry Bumpers of the University of Wisconsin….
Q: There was apparently a trend in the USA ________ .
(A) for young adults to leave their parents and live independently.
(B) For middle class young adults to stay with their parents.
(C) For married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absence.
(D) For going adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents.
(分析：选A项。属推理题。作者引用的这句话意思是："孩子长到18岁时应离开父母去独立生活的概念是没有道理的，而事实情况也并非如此。"而题干问：过去在美国显然有一种什么趋势。考生通过细心推断引文，便能选中A项：年轻的成年人应该离开父母而去独立生活。)
例2． …"people cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 howler, when they really need 7.5 , eight or even more to feel ideally rigorous."(见《分册》P12页例3)
Q: According to Dr. David, Americans ________ .
(A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life.
(B) Often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit.
(C) Do not know how to relax themselves properly.
(D) Can get by on 6.5 hoarse of sleep.
(分析：选B项。属于归纳事实细节题。Dr. David所说的话，描述的是一种事实现象，即美国人睡眠不足而误认为这不是什么大的事，还自我感觉良好。从事实中我们可以看出美国人经常忽视睡眠不足的后果，即B项的内容。)
例3. By the millions they are coming-no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. "We don't have a budget,"says a biologist from Brazil. As she walks with two companions through New York lity's South Street, "We juse use our credit cards."
Q：From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourist
like her ________ .
(A) are reluctant to carry cash with them.
(B) Simply don't care how much they spend.
(C) Are not good at planning their expenditure.
(D) Often spend more money that they can afford.
(分析：选B项。属判断推理题。文章讲成千上万涌进美国的富有者与那个巴西生物学家一样，他们在购物时只管刷卡（"just use our credit cards."）而根本不做预算（"don't have a hudget"）,可推断出他们这类人是"根本不管花多少钱的。"即B项内容。）
4、转折处与强对比处常考
一般而言，转折后的内容常常是语义的重点，命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however, but, yet, in fact等词或短语来引导。强对比常由unlike, until, not so much…as等词或短语引导。命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。 比如文章中说甲具有X属性，但乙与甲不同，问乙有何属性？答曰：非X属性。
此类考点常出现在逻辑推理型题中，少数出现于其它题型中。
例1. Some observers say the fault is with the young people…. But that's a condemnation of the students as a whole…. Others blame the state of the world… But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.
Q：According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that _______ .
(A) society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates.
(B) High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.
(C) Too many students have to earn their own living.
(D) College administrators encourage students to drop out.
(分析：选A项。考生阅读文章时，应注意到文中有两个"but"的转折，特别是段末一转折句意即：但失望的毕业生了解到社会再也不能吸收大量的23岁的训练有素的大学生。这一转折后的内容正好是解答题干问题的依据，我们从这句话可以推断出大学考试之所以出了问题部分源于一个事实，即A项：社会不能为训练有素的大学生提供足够工作。此属逻辑推理题。)
例2 … Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commits suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding….
Q： It can be conduced from the passage that ________ .
(分析：这道题属逻辑推理题，命题者利用unlike进行强烈对比，要求考生推断出正确结论。)
例3 Beauty has always been regard as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attentive defendants(被告)。But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.
Q：The author writes this passage to _______ .
(A) discuss the negative aspects of being attractive.
(B) Give advice to job-seekers who are attractive.
(C) Demand equal rights for women.
(D) Emphasize the importance of appearance.
(分析：选A项。属主旨大意类题型。前面都是讲美给人带来的种种好处，用but突然进行转折，考生即可推测出下面要讲美给人带来的不利方面了。)
例4. The sensation of sound involves a verity of factors in addition to its peak level. …In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large rage. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak level.
Q: Commercials create the sensate at the highest sound level.
(A)TV stations always operate at the highest sound level.
(B)Their sound levels are kept around peak level.
(C)Their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges.
(D)Unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range.
(分析：选B项，该题属阐述说明主旨大意的事实细节题。用however作转折，指出商业节目的音量是保持或接近峰值（peak levels）。命题者给出的B答案中，只是对however后原句进行了词语和句型的转换。)
5、复杂句常考
复杂句常是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句，从句、不定式、副词等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间指代关系。文章段落之间关系的理解，常以逻辑推理题型出现，包括少量其它题型。
例1. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informals flow of in formation is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable…
Q：The word "it" most probably refers to ________ .
(A) the lack of stable communities.
(B) The breakdown of informal imformation channels.
(C) The increased mobility of families
(D) The growing number of people moving from place to place.
(分析：选B项，本题属句际关系推理题型，要善于分析句子结构，As 引导的前半部分是状语从句，主句是"the informal flow of information is cut off"， with引导的短语表伴随。)
例2. The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-iybcem, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake, mixes, etc.
Q：The word"undue" means " ______ "。
（A）improper (B)unexpected (C)adequate (D)excessive
(分析：选D项，这属词汇题型，但需要分析句子结构和上下文逻辑。该句看似复杂，但结构容易分析，主语"the manufacturer",谓语"can put",宾语his product, who引导定语从句，that此引导定语从句，without undue hardship介词组作插入部分。句子结构分析好，全句意思就易弄懂，制造商改变包装大小或样式不需要过多的艰辛努力，故选D。)
例3 … All this will lead to a population in the twenty first century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brang by under ventral the news is encouraging.
Q:The population in the 21st century,arousing to the writer,_____.
(A) will be smaller than a few gears ago.
(B) will not be as small as people expect.
(C) will prove to be a threat to the world.
(D) will not constitute as serious a problem as expected.
（分析：选D项。属逻辑推理型题。考生关键要理解that 引导的定语从句意思，然后联系下句，便知D项是正确选项。）
6、因果句常考
命题者常以文中因果句命制一些考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系的试题，或出些概括文意、段意试题。一般以"推理性"题型和主旨大意题型出现，兼顾少量其它题型。表示因果关系的词有：because, since, for，as, therefore, consequently, result in, originate from 等。
例1. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused . They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in opera court of how…
Q：The passage is mainly about______ .
(A) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspection.
(B) Why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment.
(C) How computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers.
(D) Why computer crimes can't be eliminated.
(分析：选D项。属主旨大意型。文章前几段说到了利用计算机犯罪的人即使被抓，不仅不受惩罚，而且还会得到以前老板充满热情的推荐信。这是什么原因呢（why?）Because…作了回答。这也就是全文要告诉读者的关于计算机犯罪清除不了的原因，故选D。)
例2 … Certainly it (telephone) has extended the scope of human conflicts, since it impartially disseminates(传播)the useful knowledge of scientists and the nonsense of the ignorant, the affection of the affectionate and the malice(恶意)of the malicious.
Q:The author describes the telephone as impartial because it______.
(A) saves lives of people in remote places.
(B) Enables people to live alone if they want to.
(C) Spreads both love and ill will
(D) Replaces much written communication.
(分析：选C项。属逻辑推理型题。Since引导的从句表明电话不偏不倚地传播着科学家的真言，无知者的废话，仁者之爱心，恶者之恶意。因此，从这句话我们可以推断出电话"spreads both love and ill will"故选C)。
例3 … The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change…
Q：According to the author, the introduction of the composer is a revolution mainly because .
(A) the computer has revolutionized the working of the human mind.
(B) The computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before.
(C) It has helped to switch to an information technology.
(D) It has a great potential impact on society.
(分析：选D项。属逻辑推理型题。原段首句就交待了没有什么技术发展比计算机革命对我们生活产生的影响要大。然后指出工业革命之所以是一切革命在于它导致了巨大的社会变化。由此可以推断，计算机的诞生之所以是一场革命主要是D项：it has a great potential impact on society.)
7、特殊标点符号后内容常考
由于特殊标点符号后内容是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明，因此命题者常以标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体说，特殊标点符号包括：(1)破折号(表解释)；(2)括号(表解释)；(3)冒号(表解释)；(4)引号(表引用)。题型一般有推理题，主旨大意题，细节事实题等。
例1. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses there may be a sort of trefoil jam of words caused by interruption, false, and unpredictable pauses.
Q：To keep a conversation flowing smoothing, it is better for the participants ______ .
(A) out to wear dark spectacles
(B) not to make any interruptions
(C) not to glance away
(D) not to make unpredictable pauses.
(分析：选A。属辨认细节事实题型，冒号前一句话意思是当两个说话者戴墨镜进行交谈时，谈话的流利性就会受影响。冒号后一句话进一步解释了会有哪些影响，即会有一些停顿或错误表达，或随便插话。答案B、D项是结果，不是条件，C项短文没提，故选A。)
例2．… She adds:"Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down (使…不突出)their visibility. "Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.
Q：The best title for this passage would be ______ .
(A) pole of women and Minorities in Management
(B) The Importance of Being Visible
(C) Job Performance and Advancement
(D) Sex and Career Success
(分析：选B项，属主旨大意题型。冒号前面的内容讲的是女人和黑人常因自己的肤色和性别而畏首畏脚，不愿张扬自己，这样很难得到老板提拔。冒号后内容即建议他们要象白人一样善于突出自己并引人注意。此即全篇文章主旨，故选B项。)
例3．… Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Lab our is simply another factor of production to be hired - rented at the lowest possible cost - much as one buys raw materials or equipment.
Q：Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?
(A) They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.
(B) They see the gaining of skills as their employees' own business.
(C) They attach more importance to workers than equipment.
(D) They only hired skilled workers because of keep competition.
(分析：选B项，属归纳事实细节题。文章主要意思讲美国大公司忽视人力资源管理。带破折号的句子是进一步解释，阐述这一主旨，强调劳动力仅被视为生产的最廉价因素--就象去买原料或装置一样。我们由此归纳，总结出美国公司把员工技能的培养看作员工自己的事。
例4："Alternative fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal-Combustion engines, could be introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhorns emissions (especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less of polluting types of gasoline).
Q：Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
(A)The decline of public transportation accounts for increased…
(B)cars are popular in western Europe even though fuel prices …
(C)The reduction of vehicle use is the only sustainable option…
(D)Western European oil companies cannot sustain the cost of developing new-type fuels.
(分析选B项 属推理题。此题虽需通阅全文才能做出。但命题者针对小括号内内容出了一干扰项D项。D项内容与文中小括号内容是有出入的，故错。)
注：至引号处的考点，前面引用处常考一项已分析过。
8、段首，段尾句常考
在短文中第一段首句或末段末句往往是文章中心思想的表达处；有时某一段的段首，段尾句是该段的主题句。因此，命题者常在这些地方出题。题型基本上属主旨大意型。
例1．The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has conviced many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, …
Q：The passage is probably intended to answer the question _____ .
(A) Is war inevitable?
(B) why is there conflict and competition?
(C) Is conflict desirable?
(D) Can competition lead to conflict?
(分析：选A。属段首主旨大意型。文章开头一句话即点明了文章中心思想，下面内容均围绕这一思想展开的。)
例2．…"They think that if you work hard, …"She adds, Most women and blacks … because of their sex or color that play down (使…不突出)their visibility."Her advice to those folk . Learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight." (见《分册》P74页例8)
Q：The best title for this passage would be _________ .
(A) Role of women and Minorities in Management.
(B) The Importance of Being Visible
(C) Job Performance and Advancement
(D) Sex and Career Success.
(分析：选B项，属段尾主旨大意型。文章开头就指出女人和黑人加入管理阶层之后，出现了一些新的观点。文中又介绍了Coleman观点及Kaleel Jamision 的评论，最后通过Kaleel Jamision的建议才点出文章中心意思。)
例3．It is natural for yours people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstands between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominate; that they do not trust their children to deal with crisis; that they talk too much about certain problems --and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships.
Q：The first paragraph is mainly about ________.
(A) the teenager's criticism of their parents.
(B) misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents.
(C) the dominance of the parents over their children.
(D) the teenagers' ability to deal with crisis.
(分析：选12项。属某一段落段首主旨大意型。此段第一句就指出年轻人批评其父母，认为他们的父母对他们之间的误解负责，这是很正常的事。然后用五个that 引导的宾语从句来阐述他们对父母不满的原因。段落结构一目了然，故知首句是中心思想。)
例4：… These definition are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably and essential and desirable element of human societies.
Q：In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _______ .
(A)argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies
(B) smooth out the conflicts in human societies.
(C) distinguish between two kinds of opposition.
(D) summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation.
(分析：选C项。属某一段段尾主旨大意型。文章此段给出了conflict (矛盾)和competition (竞争)的定义，然后进一步阐述了两种对抗(opposition)在很多情况下的不同。作者最后两句又强调了"These definitions are necessary because …"。很明显作者是想通过定义这两个词从而区分这两种对抗。
9、词汇问题常考　
词汇是四级阅读理解测试中重要的一项。词汇类其实也是就细节进行提问，词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解释。因此考生可以利用上下文的特定语境推断生词的意思。阅读理解中词汇类问题的常见提问方式有下列几种：　　
（1）According to the author ,the word "…"means_______.　　
（2）What does the author probably mean by"..."in...paragraph?
(3) Which of the following is nearest in meaning to "…"?　
(4) From the passage, we can infer that the word"..."is ____.
(5) The term ".."in paragraph… can be best replaced by ….　
(6) What does the author probably mean by"..."in...paragraph?
(7)What's the meaning of "…"in line …of paragraph….?　　
(8)As used in the line …, the word "…"refers to _______.
一般来说，在文章的阅读中解决释义的最好的办法是猜测词义。猜测词义也需要一定的技巧，可以通过1)上下文间意义的联系；2）同义关系，反义关系；3）词的定义；4）对词的解释和举例；5）构词法知识猜测词义。
1. 利用上下文词语意义的互相联系猜测词义
Example :The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks .They go from island to island in these light narrow boats and collect turtles' eggs.
我们从上下文中可以得出以下信息："canoes"是一种渔夫用树木做的、来回于岛屿之间的、轻狭长的、类似于小船之类的东西。尽管我们可能还不能肯定它的确切解释，但这一生词已经不会影响我们的阅读和理解了。
Example ：Jogging has become very popular in some countries ,It is believed to be a good exercise for old people ."Jogging"的意思通过"a good exercise for old people "可以推断出是一种适合老年人的运动方式。
2. 利用文章中词与词的同义和反义关系猜测词义 Example :If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city ,you might have witnessed a strange sight . You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback , saying something.
在文章中可以很容易地判断出"witnesss"的同义关系词是"seen",因此"witness"就是看见的意思。
Example :In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid ,and the summers hot and dry .
显然，冬天和夏天的气候是截然相反的，它们的修饰词的意思也应该截然相反。"cold"与"hot"对应，"humid"与"dry"对应。因此，"humid"是"潮湿"　意思。
3.利用比较关系
Example: The Asian monkey like other apes, is specially adapted for life in trees.
如果不认识ape ,但认识monkey ,这里用like把ape和monkey进行比较，还用了一个other说明monkey可能是ape的一种，即ape也就是“猿类”的意思了。
4.利用同位替代关系
Example: Many famous scientists are trying to understand the problems modern people suffer from, but never these eminent scholars are confused about what causes them.
在句中，为避免重复，“these eminent scholars "替换”many famous scientists",既然scholars和scientists同义，eminent也就和famous同义，为“著名的“。
12数字与年代常考
文中的数字，年代，日期登常常是命题考点。具体题型右：
①运算型：主要通过四则运算求解
对策：注意原始数据不是解
②多选一型：文中出现多个时间或数字，对应不同的事物，问题只考一点。
对策：对号入座
③域型:文中时间或数字为一个范围，求其最高、最低或其中一点。
④世纪型：已知某一年份，求其为那个世纪。
⑤不规则型：文中并未出现数字，求其表示的数量。如一个圆被相交直线分割，求其被分为几部分。
13、最高级与绝对性词汇常考
文中若出现must，all，only，anyone，always，never等绝对性词汇，或形容词副词的最高级形式，往往是考点，一般出“细节性问题”。因为这些地方概念绝对，答案唯一，无论是命题还是答题，都不会产生歧义。命题人员以此为考点，可保证命题绝对正确。
14、指代常考
将文中指代信息作为考点。题型主要有两种：一种是简单提问指代关系。另一种是在文中表述B指代A，B具有X属性，题目问A是否具有X属性。
以上分析，基本上概括了历届四级考试阅读理解题考点常考处及其对应题型。考生掌握了这些规律，在读文章时，就要在这些考点常出现地方作些记号。阅读完毕，这些作记号的地方基本上就是出题的地方。然后再对照后面的题目，一一找到相对应的考点，再细细分、做题。这样就避免做一题，看一下整个段落，甚至全文，从而节省了时间。
第三单元 正确答案的特征
英语测试中阅读理解部分是最让考生紧张而又担心的部分。它量大，难度较高。因此，阅读理解题发挥如何决定着考生得分的高低。许多考生在做阅读理解部分时，最大感受就是时间紧、答案选项迷惑性大，因而很难及时而又准确地选出答案。如何在没有足够时间进行深入阅读或文章太难而看不懂的情况下进行答题，我们在总结、归纳历年四级真题特点是基础上，向考生介绍一些紧急情况下的应试技巧。
一、阅读理解题答案项特征
通过研究历届四级阅读理解题，我们发现，在所列出的四个选项中，也有一些普遍性规律可循。如果考生了解、熟悉并掌握了这些规律，他(她)们就可以找到做题时的"第六感觉"，达到所谓超常发挥的水平。如果考生来不及看文章，万般无奈下凭这些规律可以选中不少正确选项。
(一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有： must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very, completely, none, hardly等。
例(1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _____ .(1995年6月题22)
A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become
insignificant.
B. people's traditional concepts about work no longer hold true.
C. most people have to take part-time jobs.
D. people have to change their jobs from time to time.
(分析：四个选项中，C、D两项中都含有"have to"，语气太绝对化，一般被排除。考生在剩下两项中进行选择，就大大降低了难度。)
例（2）The main idea of this passage is that _____ .(1991年6月六级题40)
A．better use of green space facilities should be made so as to
improve the quality of our life.
B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative
possibilities.
C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities
than it did many years ago.
D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory
activities.
(分析：B、D两项中均有must be,语气太绝对化，故一般被排除。考生结合短文内容在剩下两项中进行选择，命中率就极高了。)
（二）选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有： can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数)，more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。
例（1）It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes .(1999年6月四级题30)
A．Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
B. in many countries success often depends on one's social status
C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other
countries
D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those
in America
(分析：选项B中often 一词，语气委婉，不十分肯定，故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。)
例(2) According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that --.
A. society can't provide enough jobs for properly trained college
graduates
B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college
education?
C. too many students have to earn their own living
D. college administrators encourage students to drop out
（分析：答案项C中有have to, 语气太绝对化，故被排除。而A项中can't 的语气则不十分绝对化，故为答案。）
（三）选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。
例（1）According to Dr. David, Americans .(1993年6月六级题32)
A．are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B. often neglect the unsequences of sleep deficit
C. do not know how to relax themselves properly
D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
(分析：答案项中A、D两项基本上是原文中句子的原现，故被排除。B项中有often 一词，语气委婉，不十肯定，故为答案。)
例（2）According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(1996年1月六级题35)
A．Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood
B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man
C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man
D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic
matter. （分析：A项句子基本上是原文词句，C项中有already一词，语气太绝对化，故A、C两项被排除。剩下B、D两项，而D项中有不十分肯定语气词may not,故选D。）
（四）较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项。
例（1）which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (1996年1月六级题25)
A．Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.
B. Music can't be passed on to future generations unless it's recorded.
C. Folk songs can't be spread for unless they are printed on music sheet.
D. the development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.
(分析：根据短文内容可以看出，A、B、C三项的内容都只是从某一个方面阐述了一种观点，而D项句子所表达的意思就较全面，高度囊括了全篇短文的主旨。)
例（2）The first paragraph is mainly about . (1991年6月六级题22) A．the teenagers' criticism of their parents
B. misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents
C. the dominance of the parents over their children
D. the teenagers' ability to deal with crisis
(分析：短文意思是讲年青人有时批评、责备其父母，认为父母对他们间误解负大部分责任是自然的事。而B项意思是年青人和父母间的误解；C项意思是父母对他们孩子的统治；D项指年轻人处理危机的能力。根据短文内容，可以明确看出，B、C、D三项内容都是从三个方面来论述短文观点的，而A项则较全面地、有针对性地表达了文章的中心意思，故为答案。)
（五）选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的（字面意思）一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。
例（1）The population in the 21st century, according to the writer .
A. will be smaller than a few years ago
B. will not be as small as people expect
C. will prove to be a threat to the world
D. will not constitute as serious a problem as expected
(分析：选项A、B中都有small一词，该词在文中出现过，因而总觉肤浅，是字面之意。C项明显与文章不符，而D项表达的意义比small要深刻得多。)
例（2）From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one . (1990年1月六级题)
A．to be more successful in his career
B. to solve technical problems
C. to be more specialized in his field
D. to develop his professional skill
（分析：题意是"从文中看出员工素质有助于人们 ...。" B项题即"解决技术问题"；C项意即"深化专业"；D项"发展职业技能"。这三项表达的意思都比较具体，而A项则概括地有深度，包括了B、C、D三项内容。）
（六）选项中较符合常识的,易明白的一般不是选项；而似乎不太合理，一时较难理解的往往是正确选项。
例（1）Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by .(1999年1月四级题31)
A. stressing their high quality
B. unlinking him of their low price
C. maintaining a balance between quality and price
D. appealing to his buying motives
(分析：题干问的是"广告会通过什么办法能劝说顾客买那些没用的产品？"A项意思是通过强调质量，B项意思是使顾客意识到其产品价格低，C项意思是既考虑到质量又考虑到价格。这三项所表达的意思都是我们在看广告时能感受到的，生活中天天见到。故这样的选项一般不是答案。而D项意思是迎合了顾客购物心理，乍一看还不太明白，不好理解。而这样的选项往往是正确答案。)
例（2）Raising children, in the author's opinion, is . (1998年6月四级题32)
A．a moral duty
B. a thankless job
C. a rewarding task
D. a source of inevitable pain
（分析：题目问的是，"依作者观点，抚养孩子是 "。 依据我们日常生活所闻所见，抚养孩子就是A. "一种道德责任" B."不求回报的工作"。我们都觉得抚养孩子是人生义务，是天经地 义的。这两项太熟悉了，因而一般不是答案。而C项"求回报的事"，似乎不太合人情味、合乎常识。但这样的选项就是答案。D项有inevitable 一词，语气太绝对化，故排除掉。） 此外，在作者态度题中，象中立态度（neutral）一般不是选项，既有肯定、赞扬性、褒义的（如positive等），又有否定、批评、贬义的如（critical, neglect等）。一般否定性、贬义的是正确选项。如果没有肯定性、赞扬性选项，则批语性、否定性为正确选项，其它的为干扰项。在四个选项中，忽然有一个选项特别长或特别短，则此选项往往是正确选项。在两个选项中，如果除个别字外，其他部分完全一样，其中往往有一个是正确选项。"None of the above"往往是用作干扰项。而尤为请考生注意的是，新闻记者理解四个选项中，正确答案项为D的频繁比较高，其次为B项
二、各类题型干扰项特点
文意理解题一般采用主旨大意题、事实细节题、判断词汇题、逻辑推理题、作者观点态度题五种形式。考生若掌握了这些题型干扰项的特点，也有助于帮助自己排除干扰项，做出正确地选择。
（一）主旨大意题干扰项特点。 （1）虽覆盖全文意思，但显得太笼统；（2）其内容太窄，不能覆盖全文内容，只是文章内容的一部分，或只是文章内容的一个细枝未节；（3）与文章内容毫不相干，或与文章内容相悖。
例（1）The author write this passage to .(1995年6月六级题30)
A. discuss the negative aspects of being attractive
B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
C. demand equal rights for woman
D. emphasize the importance of appearance
(分析：文章中心意思是讲漂亮对女性的不利影响（But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.）但B项表达的意思偏离了主题（不是提供建议)，且不是对所有外貌有魁力的人而言的；C项内容太笼统，太宽，不是讲女权平等；D项内容与文章主旨相反。故选A项。）
（二）细节题干扰项特点。 （1）与原句内容相反；（2）与原文内容一半相同一半不同；（3）与原句内容相似但过于绝对化。（4）原文中根本没提到 例（1）According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?(1996年1月六级题35)
A．Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood.
B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man
C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of
man?
D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.
(分析：此题是一个细节判断题。A项与原文内容相反，过于绝对化，原文是说由硅材料构成的计算机可能成为一种新的智慧生命，并不是说已经是。B项内容原文中根本没提到。C项说计算机的推理能力目前已超过人类，但原文内容只是说到90年代，第6代计算机的问世，其推理能力才与人类的大脑相匹配，而不是已超过，故与原文内容有出入。因此答案是D项。)
（三）逻辑推理题干扰项特点 。（1）不是在文章事实或上下文（句）逻辑基础上进行推理而得出了观点。 （2）虽然可以以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推理，但推理过头，概括过度。
例（1）It can be inferred from the passage that earlier generations didn't realize .(1993年6月六级题27)
A. the interdependence of water, soil and living things
B. the importance of the proper land use
C. the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods
D. the extraordinary rapid growth of population
（分析：此题属从事实描述的基础上进行推理。短文主要讲了"环保是我们生活的一部分"。地下水位的重要性以及保护植被对保护源头的意义和充分利用江河中的水资源的意义。而文章开头就提出一种观点"我们要着手弥补先辈们的错误。"由此可推断出早期先辈们没有意识到水、土地、生物之间的相互依存关系，选A项。B、C项推理出的观点太窄，不能概括整段中心，D项短文中根本没提到。）
例（2）It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music .(1996年1月六级题24)
A．has brought about an information revolution
B. has speeded up the advent of a new generation of computers
C. has given rise to new forms of music culture
D. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments
(分析：短文中句电子媒体本身是"信息革命"（information revolution）的一部分，而A项说"导致、带来"（brought about）信息革命，属推理过头。文中还谈到计算机本身是一种电子媒体，而这种媒体又是音乐物质文化的一个更为重要的部分，而B项"加速新一代计算机的产生"从逻辑上推不出来。D项说导致了传统乐器的变革，而文中根本没提到"traditional musical instruments"属不在事实基础上进行揄，故错。因此，选项C才是正确答案。)
（四）观点态度题干扰项特点。纵观历届四级阅读理解试题在考查学生揣测作者观点态度时，正确选项要么是肯定、赞扬、褒义性的（如positive, support, useful, interesting, admiring等）要么是否定、批评、贬义性的（如disgust, critical, negative, disappointment等）而又以否定、贬义性居多。所以此类题型中的中性词（如indifferent, ambivalent, neutral, humor, disinterested, impassive）一般均为干扰项。由于近几年文章都是反映与社会联系紧密的，多为人们所担心的现象，故作者对这些社会现象持批评态度的较多。
例（1）The author's attitude toward the communications revolution is . (1998年 6月六级题25)
　　（分析：答案是（B） critical 其它选项（A）positive, (C)indifferent, (D)tolerant均为干扰项。）
例（2）What the last paragraph tells us is the author's . (1998年1月六级题30)
A．detailed analysis of the ways of raising poultry in Bangladesh
B. great appreciation of the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh.
C. critical view on the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
D. practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry in Bangladesh.
(分析：答案选C。表明作者的批语态度。)
例（3）The author's attitude towards the speaker's remarks is .(1996年1月四级题68)
（分析：正确答案为（C）critical, 其它选项（A）neutral, (B)positive, (D)compromising 均为干扰项。）
三、紧急状况下的阅读答题方法
做好阅读理解题，最理想的步骤是先迅速浏览五道题大体了解一下五道题各自提问了什么，各选项句是什么意思。然后带着题干的提问略读全文，以最快的速度掌握所阅读材料中的主要内容和主要观点，模清五道题各自提问的内容大体在文章的什么位置，并做些相应的记号。接着开始逐个答题如果哪一题在略读基础上不能选出，再到文中相应的地方进行查读、细读，直至选出正确答案。五题全做完后，最后把五个选出的答案连起来看一看，检查一下是否存在明显的逻辑不通或相冲突。如果有，及时订正；如果没有，可以做下一篇文章。 但是，如果考生时间实在不够了而剩下一、两篇还没做，在此紧急状况下，该如何阅读答题呢？下面介绍一些临门一脚的诀窍。
（一）针对主旨大意题只读段首、段尾句。一般来说，一篇文章的中心思想或某一段主题思想往往通过段首、段尾句表达出来。考生迅速找到了这些主题句，也能答题。
例（1） The author writes this passage to .(1995年6月六级题30)
A. discuss the negative aspect of being attractive.
B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
C. demand equal rights for woman
D. emphasize the importance of appearance
(分析：考生若没有时间看整个文章，但只要看到第一段最后一句话：But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. 第二段第一句话：While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. 考生亦能选出正确答案项A。)
例（2）The main idea of this passage is that .(1991年6月六级题40)
A．better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life
B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities.
C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities
than it did many years ago. D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities.
　　（分析：此题主要考某一段的中心意思。考生苦看到了该段第一句话：Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. 即使没有通读全段，考生也应能选出A项为正确答案。）
(二) 若针对举例子、引用名人言论、特殊符号（如冒号、引号、破折号）后内容出题，可只读例子、名人言话、符号前后句内容，然后符号题。
例（1）This sommers argues that . (1994上1月六级题28)
A. older women find it hard to escape poverty.
B. older women usually perform better in their jobs
C. the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexism
D. more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism.
(分析：考生一看到题干，迅速到文章中找到Tish Sommers 位置C人名开头安母大写，容易找到，且有双引号引用了她的原话：When "sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer in the doorstep it moves in"。考生只要看看新引用的话及前后句内容，就能选出正确答案A项。)
例（2）According to Dr. David, Americans . (1993年6月六级题32)
A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C. do not know how to relax themselves properly
D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep.
(分析：考生一看到此人名字，迅速从课文中找到，然后细读他所说的话:"people cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David. "They think they're key because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous."只要理解了这些话，考生应能选出B项。)
（三）如果题目只是针对某一段内容而提问，考生可只看该段内容即可答题，而不必等把文章全看完才做，以防到时要交卷，而能做出的题因时间不足而瞎猜。
例（1）In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to .(1996年1月六级题26) (建议：考生看完第一段就做此题，不必看后面内容)
例（2）From the third paragraph, we can leard that .(建议：考生只看第三段，然后迅速答题。)
（四）针对词汇题，考生可只看词汇所在句和前后句内容即可答题，因为对单词字义的揣测，一般只通过单词所在句或前后句内容就能猜出。
例（1）The word "dubious"(Line. 2)most probably means .(1990年1月六级题33)
A．valuable B. useful C. doubtful D. helpful
(分析：对"dubious"一词词义的揣测，可根据该单词所在句和其前面一句话即可猜出。Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. 从这两句可猜出dubious是含有贬义、否定语气的，故选C。)
例（2）The word "hassles" in the passage (Line 4)probably means .(1993年6月六级题24)
A. agreements B. disadvantages C. worries D. quarrels
(分析：判断"hassles"意思，可从该词所在句前后句判断出。But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. 从前后句意思及介词over, 考生可猜出"hassles"就是quarrels。)
（五）考生还可根据我们写的"阅读理解命题规律"中"考点常考处"专题专看一些考点常考处（转处、例举处、范例处、段首段尾处、特殊符号处）的内容，然后答题。如果根本就没时间看短文，可根据我们上面写的两个专题只看题目和各选项进行符号题。如果后面还有主观题没做（如作文、简答），建议考生没有做完的阅读理解题不要做了，赶紧先把简答题、作文写好（注：作文一定要写，哪怕只写了几句中心句，也能得一点分。有时就这么一、两分决定你过没过四级）
相关链接：阅读专题指导

·语文课件下载
·语文视频下载
·语文试题下载

·语文备课中心



『点此察看与本文相关的其它文章』『搜索相关课件』


【上一篇】【下一篇】   【教师投稿】 
本站管理员：尹瑞文 微信：13958889955