小议whether与if
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宝安高级中学英语组 顾 永 (邮编:518106) 一、whether和if都可以用作连词,引导一个名词性从句,表示“是否”。whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句;而if只能引导宾语从句。 1.引导宾语从句既可以用whether,也可以用if,两者常可以互换。whether从正反两个方面提出疑问,选择意义较强,多用于正式文体中;而if多用于口语,比较强调单方面,如: He asked me whether / if I could lend him my bike. Could you tell us whether / if it snows in winter in Australia? I want to know whether / if you can come or not. She asked them whether / if they had gone there by car or by train. 值得注意的是: ① whether 和if都可以和or not连用,但是whether之后可以直接跟or not,而if则不能,如: I don’t care whether or not your car breaks down. I don’t know whether or not he’s coming. 但是不可以说: I don’t care if or not your car breaks down. ② whether引导的从句一般不可以为否定结构(选择问句的后一部分除外);而if则可以跟否定结构,如: I don’t care if she doesn’t come. I don’t care if it doesn’t rain. 但是,在某些动词或形容词之后,则可以用whether引导一个否定结构的句子,这种结构往往表示肯定的含义,如: I wonder whether he doesn’t think too much of himself. 其意思相当于:I think he does think too much of himself. ③ 在个别动词之后,如discuss 等,只跟用whether引导的宾语从句,如: They discussed whether they should close the shop. We discussed whether Mary could join us. ④ whether 可以引导从句作介词的宾语,而if则不能,如: I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. ⑤ whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用,而if则不能,如: I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasn’t decided whether to go or not. He was wondering whether to go home or stay at school. 2.引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether,不用if,如: Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he can stay with us is another matter. Whether he will come, I am not sure. Whether or not he did it, I cannot tell. 3.引导表语从句用whether,不用if,如: The question is whether you should accept it. The question is whether he will speak at the meeting. 4.引导同位语从句用whether,不用if,如: The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is essential. I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan. 二、whether 还可以引导让步状语从句,意为“不管;无论”;而if则不能引导这种从句,如: I shall tell her about it whether you agree or not. Whether or not we had a baby, we could not survive just on my salary. 三、if还可以引导条件状语从句,意为“如果;假如”,而whether则不能引导这种从句,如: We shall do this experiment if we have time. 四、如果在从句中使用if表示“是否”容易与表示条件的状语从句混淆时,应注意避免使用if,例如:Please let us know if they are coming. 这句话可以理解为“如果他们要来,请通知我们一下。”也可以理解为“请告诉我们,他们是否要来。”若表示后一层意思,应当使用,以免引起误会。 2000. 3. 16 相关链接:教学论文
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