Unit 17 The missing necklace
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学习目标
教学目标
1．能熟练谈论有关"失窃"的话题，注意所使用的时态和语态的准确性。
2．掌握本单元的词汇和短语，特别是look like，far away，come down等短语的用法。
3．初步学习定语从句，找准先行词，选对关系代词或关系副词：指人的用who，that，whom指物的用that，which，指时间的用who，指地点的用where。关系代词在定语从句中如作宾语，可以省略。作其他成分都不可以省略。
4．认真学习"Who stole the necklace？"，培养我们的分析能力、逻辑思维能力。
5．学会用定语从句来表达较长的句子。注意英语和汉语的文化差异。
句型及日常交际用语
1．句型
（1） This is the present he gave me for my birthday.
（2） Do you know everybody who came to the party?
（3） My necklace is not the only thing that is missing.
（4） This is the cage that Polly lives.
（5） She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
（6） The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
（7） I don't like people who talk much but do little.
（8） Have you called the police?
（9） Thank you for coming.
（10） There is no need to thank me.
2．日常交际用语
（1）Some has stolen my necklace!
（2）I heard him speak.
（3）Hands up!
（4）I'll shoot anyone who moves.
（5）There's no need to thank me.
（6）Can you remember anything else about him?
（7）Come down, Polly!
教材内容分析
本单元是围绕"The missing necklace"展开教学活动的，要求我们在谈论有关"失窃"话题时，要注意所使用的时态和语态的正确性。本单元的语法功能项目是定语从句。学习定语从句要搞清这么几方面的关系：1．它是复合句；2．定语从句就名词或代词进行修饰；3是找准先行词（被修饰的名词或代词）； 4．定语从句紧跟先行词。认真学习"Who stole the necklace？"，培养我们的逻辑思维能力，同时学会用定语从句来表达较长的句子，注意体会中西方的文化差异。

知识讲解
本单元重点例句及相关知识讲解与分析
1. Someone has stolen my necklace. 有人偷走了我项链.
(1) someone = somebody 某人、有人、属于不定代词，只有单数形式。
（2）somebody还解释为"重要人物"，这时它与不定冠词连用。
例：He's nobody here in town but he's a somebody in his own village. 他在这城市默默无闻，但在他本村中并非等闲之辈。
（3）stolen亦能作分词形容词，解释为"被偷走的"。
2．He said, "Hands up! …" 他说，"把手举起来！……"
Hands up的意思是"举手"。Hand和不同的介、副词放在一起具有不同的含义，要注意总结。例如：
hand in 上交，交给 hand down 传下来，公布
hand on 传给，传下来 hand out 分发，提供
hand over 传（某物）给某人，交出
3．Who would you ask for help if you were robbed？
如遭受抢劫，你会找谁寻求帮助（向谁求助）？
（1）在本句中，would ask并非过去将来时，were并非过去时，而是一种虚拟语句表示一种不大可能发生的假设）的表现形式。
例：If I were you，I would tell the truth．如果我是你，我就会讲实话了。（但是我不是你）
（2）ask（sb）for help（向……）求助。
（3）rob（动词）抢劫、剥夺，其常用句型是rob sb. Of sth．抢去/剥夺走某人的……
例：That bank was robbed yesterday. 昨晚那银行被劫。
robber（名词）劫贼，robbery（名词）抢劫。
注意下面两句的区别。
I was robbed of my watch．我的手表被抢走了。
I had my watch stolen．我的手表被偷走了。
4．There is no need to thank me. 不用谢我。
There is（no）need to do sth．= have（no）need to do sth．表示必须/不必做某事。need在句中作名词表"需要；缺少，贫困"的意思。也可以作及物动词或情态动词，?quot;需要，必须"的意思。但需要注意的是：
（1）need作情态动词只用于否定句和疑问句，通常不用于肯定句。
（2）didn't need to do表示"不需要做某事"，而事实上也没有做；needn't have done则表示已经做了某事，而事实上"不需要做"，是虚拟语气用法。例如：
（1）He felt the need of a better education．他感到有必要受到更好的教育。
（2）She helped me in my hour of need．她在我困难的时候帮过我。
（3）He needs a new coat．他需要一件新外套。
（4）Need they have sold the farm？他们那时非得把农场卖掉吗？
5．Jim noticed it about an hour ago．吉姆半个小时前注意到了这件事。
notice在句中是及物动词，表"注意，观察到，看到"的意思。notice sb．to do sth．表示"注意到某人做某事"；notice sb．doing sth．则表示"注意到某人正在做某事"。其也可以当名词用，表"通知，布告，通告，注意"的意思。例如：
（1）I noticed him dig a hole in the wall．我注意到他在墙上挖了一个洞。
（2）The cook left without notice．那厨师没有预先通知就走了。
在英语中，see，look，watch，notice都有"看"的意思，要注意他们的区别。
see意为"看?quot;，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调"看到"的结果。
look意为"看"，表示有意识地观看，强调"看"的动作。
watch意为"观看，注视"，指以较大的注意力观看。
notice意为"看到，注意到"，指有意识的注意，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。又如：
（1）What can you see in the picture？在图画中你能看到什么？
（2）Look! How happily they are playing！看！他们玩得多高兴啊！
（3）He's watched TV for over two hours．他看了两个多小时的电视。
（4）He noticed a purse lying on the road．他注意到地上有个钱包。
6．But when he went to feed her today, she'd gone.
但他今天去喂她时，她已不见了。
本句中的'd是had，had gone是过去完成时。它相当于had disappeared，或was missing或was gone。
7. When was the last time you saw the parrot?
句中的time不是指时间，而是指"次数"。后面的you saw the parrot是定语从句，是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，用修饰time的。
【例】（1）The car which/ that my uncle bought last month is very fast.
我叔叔上个月买的那辆车速度很快。
（2）The house which/ that we live in is very old.
我们住的房子很旧。
（3）Is that the parrot you are looking for？
那是你要找的鹦鹉吗？
8．I'm afraid your parrot has seen too many films about stealing．
我怕你的鹦鹉看了太多的有关偷窃的电影。
句中too many是"许多、太多"的意思，其后接可数名词复数形式；too much也是"许多、太多"的意思，其后接不可数名词；much too是"很、非常"的意思，其后接形容词或副词。
【例】（1）There are too many books in your son's bag．
你儿子书包里的书太多了。
（2）She drank too much water．
她喝了太多的水了。
（3）Big computers are much too expensive．
内存大的电脑太贵。
9．We have caught a man who matches Miss Shirley Brown's description. 我们已逮到了一个与Shirley Brown小姐的描述相符的人。
本句中的match是动词，是"与……相配、相符合"的意思。
match还能作名词，解释为"火柴、比赛"等。
description（名词）解释为"描述、形容"，动词是describe。
例：Can you give me a description of the thief? 你能说出那贼的模样吗？它等于Can you describe the thief?
语法：定语从句（The Attributive Clause）
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
【例】（l）The man who lives next to us sells vegetables．
（2）You must do everything that I do．
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代同that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）和关系副词where，when。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。
l）由关系代词引导的定语从句：
①that在从句中可作主语或宾语，指物或指人。
【例】A plane is a machine that can fly．
Who is the man that is reading a book over there?
②which在从句中可作主语或宾语，指物。
【例】They planted the trees which didn't need much water．
The fish which we bought were not fresh．
③who，whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语，指人。
【例】The boy who broke the window is called Tom．
Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write．
2）由关系副词引导的定语从句：
①when指时间。
【例】I'll never forget the time when we worked on the farm．
②where指地点。
【例】This is the house where we lived last year．
注：1．that和which在从句中作主语时，不能省略；作宾语时，在口语和非正式文体中经常省略。whom也常可省略。
2．关系代词that在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。
【例】The village that she lives in is twenty kilometres away．
典型例题
【例1】 I have told everything ______ I can to you.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
分析与解答：本题考查定语从句连接词的用法。关系代词that，which和who引导定语从句时在句中的职能和意义完全相同，即：which用来捐物，who用来指人，that既可用来指人也可用来捐物。在指物时which和that有时可以互用；在指人时who和that有时可以互换。但在下列情况下不能互换：
1．如果定语从句所修饰的词是指物的不定代词时，用that不用 which。
2．当定语从句所修饰的词已有限定的修饰词时必须用which，不能用that。
3．当定语从句所修饰的那个词是数词或所修饰的那个名词有一个数词作该名词的定语时一般用that不用which。
4．在only，no，seem，little，much，和It is…等词的后面，以及先行词带有最高级修饰语时，一般多用that不用which或who。
5．that不能像which，whom那样放在介词之后，而必须将介词调到句末。
例如：
(1) Was the book which/that you were reading a novel by Lu Xun?
(2)I don't like sports in which people easily get hurt.
(3) What was the name of the war in the USA which lasted four year?
(4) This is the only book that we can borrow.
(5) The two books that I bought yesterday are English novels.
(6) The case that you are referring to is now closed.
【例2】将下列每组句子改写为带有定语从句的复合句
1. The nurse is very kind. She looks after my little brother.
_______________________________________________
2. We watched the play "Teahouse". The play "Teahouse" was written by Lao She.
_______________________________________________
3. The medicine was quite helpful. Dr Li gave it to me.
_______________________________________________
4. The train started at 5:00 p.m.. Mike missed it.
_______________________________________________
5. The letter is from my uncle. 1 received it three days ago.
_______________________________________________
6. Cream, butter and cheese are kinds of food. They make you fat.
_______________________________________________
7. The man is in the next room. He brought us the letter yesterday.
_______________________________________________
8. He did not attend the meeting. He told me the reason.
_______________________________________________
9. The student studies very hard. Her father is a worker.
_______________________________________________
10. I'm going to visit the farm. My uncle works there.
_______________________________________________
答案：1．The nurse who looks after my little brother is very kind.（照顾我小弟弟的那个护上很慈善。who是关系代词，指的是护土。在定语从句中做主语。可用that代替who） 2．We watched the play "Teahouse" with was written by Lao She．（我们看了老舍写的话剧"茶馆"。which是关系代词，指的是话剧。在定语从句中做主语。可用that代替which） 3．The medicine which Dr Li gave me was quite helpful．（李医生给我的药很有用。which是关系代词，指的是药。在定语从句中做宾语。可用that代替Which。可省略。） 4．The train which Mike missed started at 5：00 p.m．（麦克没赶上的那趟火车是下午5点钟出发的。which是关系代词，指的是火车。在定语从句中做宾语。可用that代替which。可省略。） 5．The letter which I received yesterday is from my uncle．（我昨天收到的那封信是我叔叔寄来的。which是关系代词，指的是信。在定语从句中做宾语。可用that代替which。可省略。） 6．Cream，butter and cheese are the kinds of food which make you fat．（冰激凌、奶油和奶酪是使你变胖的食品。which是关系代词，指的是kinds of food。在定语从句中做主语。可用that代替which。） 7．The man who bought us the letter is in the next room．（给我们带信的人在隔壁房间。who是关系代词，指的是那个人。在定语从句中做主语。可用that代替whe）
8．He told me the reason why he didn't attend the meeting．（他告诉我没有参加会的原因。why是关系副词，指的是原因。在定语从句中做状语。）9．The student whose father is a worker works very hard．（父亲是工人的那个学生学习很努力。whose是关系代词，指人。在定语从句中做定语。）10．I'm going to visit the farm where my uncle works．我打算参观我叔叔工作的农场。where是关系副词，指地点。在定语从句中做状语。）
【例3】下列各句均有一错，指出并加以改正
1.The boy can hardly walk, can't he? ( )
2. She spent two hours to read the newspaper. ( )
3. Neither Lin Tao nor Wang Lin don't Like playing football. ( )
4. Though I am very busy, I won't go to the cinema. ( )
5. - How long will you go to see your mother?
- In two days time. ( )
6 .None of his parents has been to Beijing. ( )
解析1．把can't改为can。该句是一个反意疑问句，陈述句部分从形式上看是肯定句，但hardly是含有否定意义的副词，故附加问句要用肯定式。
2．把She spent改为It took her。问题出在学生没有正确掌握两种句型结构，正确的表达应是：It took her two hours to read the newspaper或She spent two hours (in) reading the newspaper．
3．把don't like改为likes。neither…nor…是表示否定意义的连接词，它所在的句子本身表示否定，不能再将谓语变成否定形式。用neither…nor…连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与nor后面的主语保持一致。
4．though引导让步状语从句，表示"尽管……但是……"，该句为"尽管我很忙，但是我不会去看电影"，显然语意不通。把though改为As或Because。as表示原因，意为"由于，因为"，引导原因状语从句。上句译为"因为我很忙，所以我不去看电影。"这样显然符合逻辑。
5．把How long改为How soon，根据答语In two days' time（两天以后）可知，该句是问多久以后你就去看你母亲，应用how soon"多久"提问，而how hag意思是"多长时间"，它常被用来提问一段时间，回答一般用for短语，表示动作要持续多久。
6．把None改为Neither。none意思是"没有一个人或东西"，范围指三者以上。而neither意思是"两者都不"，常用来指两人中没有一个。句中…of his parents说明主语的范围是两个，故用 nether。

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