新目标 初二unit1 How often do you exercise教学笔记
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一、单元目标：1. Wh-问句
2. How often ...?问句
3. 表示频率的副词
4. 不定代词all, most, some, none的用法
二、重点单词：
always adv. 总是 usually adv. 通常 often adv. 经常 sometimes adv. 有时hardly ever 几乎不曾；很少 never adv. 从不
exercise v. 锻炼n. 练习 shop v. 购物n. 商店 skateboarding n. 溜滑板运动
once adv. 一次 twice adv. 两次 three times a week 一周三次 every day 每天 milk n. 牛奶 junk food垃圾食品 drink v. 喝n. 饮料
三、重点短语：
how often多长时间一次 a lot of许多 look after照料 try to do sth尽力去做某事 start with以...开始 as for至于 make a difference有重要性 do exercise做运动 surf the internet上网
四、重点句子
1. What do you usually do on weekends? 周末你通常做什么？
I usually play soccer. 我经常踢足球。
2. What do they do on weekends? 他们周末干什么？
They often go to the movies. 他们经常去看电影。
3. What does he do on weekends? 他周末干什么？
He sometimes watches TV. 他有时候看电视。
4. How often do you shop? 你经常购物吗？/你多久购物一次？
I shop once a month. 我一个月购物一次。
5. How often does he watch TV? 他多久看一次电视？/他经常看电视吗？
He watches TV twice a week. 他一周看电视两次。
五、重、难点解析：
1. Let's look at the following words and their usage.
频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly和never是英语中最常见的频度副词，它们在句中的位置大致相同：通常放在行为动词之前，系动词be、助动词和情态动词之后。但它们所表示的含义及频度是各不相同的。
（1）always的频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续，中间没有间断，意思是“总是”、“永远地”。例如：
The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。
Customers are always right. 顾客永远是对的。
▲always与进行时态连用，并不强调动作正在进行，而是表示说话人的“赞扬”、“不满”、“厌烦”等情绪，有强烈的感情色彩。例如：
She is always thinking of how she can do more for people. 她总是在考虑怎样为人们多做些事。（表示赞扬）
He was always asking for money. 他总是要钱。（表示厌烦）
She is always asking for leave. 她总是请假。（表示不满）
▲always与not连用，表示部分否定，意思是“不总是”。例如：
The rich are not always happy. 有钱人未必总是幸福的。
（2）usually的频度为70%左右，意为“通常”、“平常”，即很少有例外。例如：
He usually goes to bed at ten o’clock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。
（3）often的频度为50%左右，意为“常常”，但不如usually那么频繁，表示动作重复，中间有间断。例如：
He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。
▲very often语气比often重，常位于句首或句末。例如：
He doesn’t’t go to London very often. 他不常去伦敦。
（4）sometimes的频度为20%左右，意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首，以示强调。例如：
It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。
Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做，有时那样做。He sometimes goes to movies on Friday evening. 他有时周五晚上去看电影。
（5） hardly的频度为5%左右，意为“几乎不”、“简直不”，常和ever连用表示强调。例如：
I hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。
（6）never的频度为0，意为“从来不”、“永不”。例如：
My parents are never late for work.我父母上班从来不迟到。
2. 注意sometimes与几个形似的词的区别。
(1) sometime是副词，意为“在某个时候”，“某时”
eg：Will you come again sometime next week?
She was there sometime last year.
(2) some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用
eg：I will stay here for some time.
He worked on the trouble for some time.
(3) some times是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”。
eg：I met him some times in the street last month.
The factory is some times larger than that one.
3. 不定代词all“所有的，全体的”，most“大部分的，大多数的”，some“一些”，no“没有一个”的用法，这些词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
eg：All the waiters in the restaurant are very busy.
All the students in our school have to wear school uniforms.
I know most people in this party.
Most students play computer games on weekends.
Gina has some beautiful scarfs.
Some students go to English movies every day.
No children can sing this song.
all, most, some, no 放在名词的前面做定语，表示数量的多少。
4. 疑问词how的用法
（1）怎样，用什么手段，方法。 How did he do it?
I don’t know how to swim.
（2）情况如何（指身体健康状况） How are you?
How’s it going with Tom?
（3）how many，how much表示“多少”
how many后接可数名词复数，how much接不可数名词。
How many times do you go to the park?
How many tickets do we need?
How much water do we need every day?
How much are those pants?
（4）how often是对动作发生的“次数”提问,询问的是频率“多久一次”
回答可以是：Every day./ Once a week./Three times a week./ Often./ ...
eg：How often do you play tennis?
How often do you surf the internet.
(5) How long... ? 询问的是时间长短“多长时间”
回答可以是：About one hour./ Three hours. / Thirty minutes./...
How long do you usually watch TV? 你通常看多长时间电视？
5. time表示不可数名词，意为“时间”。 表示可数名词，意为“次数，倍数”。
eg：What time is it?
Time and tide never wait for men.
I go to the movies three times a week.
The size of the new museum is four times larger than the old one.
注意“次数”的表达方法
一次 once， 两次 twice，三次或三次以上用基数词加上times，three times、five times、one hundred times.
表示“……几次”的表达方法是：once a day/ a week/ a month/ a year twice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year
6. She says it's good for health. 她说它对健康有利。
be good for意为“对……有好处”，其反义词为“be bad for”。
eg：Drinking milk is good for your health.
Eating too much sugar is bad for your teeth.
Reading English is good for studying English.
7. as for意为“就……而论”，“至于”
eg：As for fruit，I eat it sometimes.
8. My mother wants me to drink it. 我妈妈想要我喝。
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事
eg：I want you to help me with my math.我想要你帮我学数学。
有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语。如：
ask sb. to do sth. tell sb. to do sth. help sb. (to) do sth.等
9. exercise的用法。
（1）作可数名词复数exercises。意为“运动、体操”。
（2）作不可数名词，意为“练习、习题”。
eg：I have to do so much exercise.
He bought a new exercise book.
（3）作动词，意为“练习、运动”。
eg：—How often do you exercise?
—I exercise every day.
10. 语法：一般现在时的特殊疑问句
1) What do you usually do on weekends?
2) What does he do on weekends?
3) How often do you shop?
4) How often does he watch TV?
5) How many hours do you sleep every night?
一般现在时的特殊疑问句的构成： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
这里的特殊疑问词指 what, what time, where, when, which, who, whom, whose, why, how, how many, how much, how long, how often
六、 课文解析SB. 3a
…but I’m pretty healthy. I exercise every day, usually when I come home from school. And my eating habits are pretty good. I try to eat a lot of vegetables, usually ten to eleven times a week. And I eat fruit every day and I drink milk every day. Of course, I love junk food, too, but I try to eat it only once a week, oh, and I sleep nine hours every night. So you see, I look after my health. And my healthy lifestyle helps me get good grade. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
1. pretty表示“十分”作副词用，我们以前学过quite和very也有这种意思。其中它们的程度由浅入深为quite→pretty→very.
eg：He is quite serious.
It sounds pretty good.
Nina can sing English songs very well.
2. I exercise every day, usually when I come home from school.我每天锻炼身体，通常是放学后。3. eating habits“饮食习惯”。
4. try to do sth意为“尽力去做某事”。 eg：Try to get here early.
He tried to pass the exam.
5. ten to eleven times a week.“每周十到十一次”。
注意这种表达。“to”为介词。
翻译：（1）两到三次。 twice to three times.
（2）每月四到五次。four to five times a month.
6. Of course. 当然。
7. So you see, I look after my health. 所以你看，我很在意我的健康。
look after 意为“照顾、照看”。
eg：Can you look after my baby when I leave?
Please look after your own bags carefully.
look还可以和许多词搭配，但意思不一样。
（1） look at“看，认真地看”。 eg：Please look at the blackboard.
Some people are looking at the notice.
（2） look for“寻找” eg：Old Henry looked for his dogs, but he didn’t find it.
I’m looking for my lost pen.
8. Good food and exercise help me to study better. 好的饮食和锻炼帮助我学得更好。
【模拟试题】
一. 翻译词组
1. 很少/几乎不曾_______________________ 2. surf the lnternet _______________________
3. 大部分学生__________________________ 4. as for ________________________________
5. 一周两次____________________________ 6. be good for ___________________________
7. 照顾________________________________ 8. eating habits _________________________
9. 六到八次____________________________ 10. try to do sth _________________________ _
二. 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
1. My _______________（eat）habits are pretty good.
2. You must eat more vegetables and keep ______________（health）.
3. There are many ______________（different）between the two books.
4. This movie is very _______________（interest）
5. My mom wants me _____________（drink）milk every day.
三. 选择填空
1.—How often does he exercise? —______________________.
A. He is twelve B. He exercises by bus C. Twice a week D. About one hour.
2. My father wants me _______________ vegetables every day.
A. to eat B. eating C. eat D. eats
3. 80% students like the watch. What does“80%”mean? _____________.
A. None of the students B. All the students C. Some of the students D. Most of the students
4. Have you ever been to Hai Nan? No, ______________________.
A. ever B. never C. some times D. usually
5. Mike is a _______________ boy. He does exercise every day.
A. health B. unhealthy C. healthy D. healthily
6. Is your book _______________ as mine?
A. same B. some C. a same D. the same
7. Drinking milk and eating vegetables _________________ our health.
A. are good for B. are good at C. is good for D. is good at
8. Mary tries _________________ a lot of vegetables.
A. eat B. to eat C. eats D. drink
9. Katrina reads English books three ________________ four times a week.
A. at B. in C. to D. of
10. Do you like to go _______________?
A. skateboard B. to skateboarding C. a skateboarding D. skateboarding
四. 从方框中选词填空
1. Don’t eat too much ________________ food. It’s not good for your health.
2. Sophie ______________ two miles in the morning every day.
3. When do you do _________________?
4. Tina’s _______________ of math exam is excellent.
5. __________________ does he go to the movies?
五. 选择恰当的答语
（ ）1. How many hours do you sleep every night? A. Yes, I do.
（ ）2. What sports do you play? B. Because it’s not good for my health.
（ ）3. Why do you eat junk food once a week? C. Every day.
（ ）4. How often do you do homework? D. Eight hours.
（ ）5. Do you like to drink milk? E. I play volleyball.
六. 完型填空：从方框内选择适当的词，并用其正确形式填空，其中有三项为多余选项。
Ann and Bella are good friends. They are in the _1_ class and sit together. After school, they _2_ go home together. However(尽管如此)，they have many 3 habits. On weekends, Ann likes to stay home, watch TV or 4 but Bella often goes out 5 . Ann eats candy every day, 6 she knows it’s 7 for her health. Bella likes candy 8 , she only eats it once a week, 9 she thinks eating less candy can 10 her to keep in good health.
Today is Ann’s birthday. Ann thinks Bella will buy a bag of candy for her. But in fact, Bella buys her a book. It’s 11 how to form 12 habits.
七. 短文填空
Here are the results of the student sports survey in our class. 1 (60%) students exercise 2 (每天) 3 （25%）students exercise 4 （每周3-4次）. 5 （15%）students exercise. 6 （每周2-3次）. 7 (0%) student exercises only 8 （每周1次）. As for sports 9 (100%) the students do morning exercises 10 (每天) 11 (25%) students run in the morning. 12 (15%) students play soccer after school. 13 (60%) students swim 14 （每月1次）.
八. 阅读理解
（A）
根据对话内容，选择最佳答案。
Joe：What do you do on weekends?
David：Well, I usually have to study on Saturdays.
Joe：And how about Sundays?
David：Well, we have lunch together. You know, all of the members of my family, then after lunch, I go to the park and meet my friends.
Joe：Oh? What do you do there?
David：We play football. After that I usually go to see a film outside the city.
Joe：Do you often go out of the city?
David：About once a month. My uncle has a small farm.
Joe：It’s nice. Do you go alone?
David：No, my mum, my two sisters and some of my friends go there, too.
Joe：But why do you go there?
David：Many things: green trees, clean air, and there are few people.
1. What does David do on Saturdays?
A. Study. B. Go to the park. C. Play football. D. Go out of the city.
2. Who has lunch with David on Sundays?
A. No one. B. The whole family. C. His friends. D. His uncle.
3. Where do they play football?
A. At school B. In the park. C. Out of the city. D. In a farm.
4. Who does not go to David’s Uncle’s farm?
A. David’s mother B. David’s father. C. David’s sisters. D. David’s friends.
5. Why do they go to the farm?
A. Green trees. B. Clean air. C. Few people. D. A, B and C
（B）
John is a paper boy. He delivers(投递), newspapers to different houses in his street every day, He has about 80 customers(客户). Half of his customers only take the newspapers on weekdays, and about half take the newspapers on weekends and on Sundays. Two of John’s customers only take the newspapers on Sundays.
John has to get up at 4:30 every morning to deliver his newspapers. It takes longer to deliver the newspapers on Sundays. The Sunday newspapers are twice as heavy as those on weekdays.
John is saving his money to buy a new bicycle. He is also saving money for college(大学). He has already saved 500 dollars.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
1. John ________________ every day.
A. reads books B. sells newspapers C. borrows books D. delivers newspapers
2. How many customers does he have?
A. About 40. B. About 120. C. About 80. D. About 20.
3. ______________ of his customers only take the newspapers on Sundays.
A. Two B. Eighty C. Forty D. Twenty
4. What time does he have to get up every morning?
A. 3：30 B. 4：30 C. 5：30 D. 6：30
5. John is saving his money to buy __________________.
A. a newspaper B. a new bag C. a house D. a new bicycle
九. 写作： 你的生活习惯和饮食习惯健康吗？请写一篇短文介绍你的生活习惯和饮食习惯。（提示词：healthy, be good for, eating habits, look after, help sb. do sth.）
【试题答案】
一. 1. hardly ever 2. 上网3. most students 4. 至于5. twice a week 6. 对……有好处 7. look after 8. 饮食习惯9. six to eight times 10. 努力做某事
二. 1. eating 2. healthy 3. differences 4. interesting5. to drink
三. 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D
四. 1. junk 2. runs 3. exercise 4. grade 5. How often
五. 1. D 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. A
六. 1. same 2. often 3. different 4. sleep 5. to exercise 6. though 7. bad 8. too 9. because 10. help 11. about 12. good
七. 1. Most 2. every day 3. Some 4. three or four times a week 5. Some
6. twice or three times a week 7. No 8. once a week 9. all 10. every day 11. Some12. Some 13. Most 14. once a month
八. （A）1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. D（B）1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D
九. 略
【励志故事】
三种人的三种机会
A，在合资公司做白领，觉得自己满腔抱负没有得到上级的赏识，经常想：如果有一天能见到老总，有机会展示一下自己的才干就好了！
A的同事B，也有同样的想法，他更进一步，去打听老总上下班的时间，算好他大概会在何时进电梯，他也在这个时候去坐电梯，希望能遇到老总，有机会可以打个招呼。
他们的同事C更进一步。他详细了解老总的奋斗历程，弄清老总毕业的学校，人际风格，关心的问题，精心设计了几句简单却有份量的开场 白，在算好的时间去乘坐电梯，跟老总打过几次招呼后，终于有一天跟老总长谈了一次，不久就争取到了更好的职位。
愚者错失机会，智者善抓机会，成功者创造机会。机会只给准备好的人，这准备二字，并非说说而已

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