人教新课标 高一Unit 2 知识讲解(附:单元练习题)
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UNIT TWO ENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD
学法指导
学习第二单元初步了解美国英语和英国英语在词汇、发音等方面的不同，以便更好地了解英、美人在日常生活和工作中的不同习惯。通过对话， 学习与不同文化背景的人进行交际、交流的技巧。在对话和听力练习中，注意带有某些感情色彩的句型。掌握表示询问和请求的日常交际用语。学习课文了解英语发展的历史背景。
学习要点
【词汇】
communicate: share or exchange ( news, etc.)
landlady: woman who owns a house ,or who rents a house
pronounce: make the sound of ( a word, etc.)
ketchup: sauce made from tomato juice, etc.
pizza: a typical Italian food made of dough mixed with different kinds of vegetables
situation: state of affairs ( esp. at a certain time)
native: related to the places of one’s birth
majority: greater number or part( of )
equal: the same in size, amount, number, etc.
government: ministry: body of persons governing a State
develop: grow larger, fuller, or complete
organization: formed body of persons
international: existing between countries
trade: buying and selling of goods
tourism: organized trip
tourist: person making a tour for pleasure
global: world wide
independent: not controlled by others; not relying on others
【短语】
in total / of one’s own / a knowledge of / come about / more or less bring in / have difficulty in doing / a great many / on your way back
【句型】
Sb. asked sb. ( not)to do sth. Sb. told sb. (not) to do sth.
【日常交际用语】
· Make yourself at home.
· If you’ll excuse me now.
· I mean…
· Is there anything that isn’t clear to you?
· Can you repeat the address, please?
· Got it.
· Not really.
重点、难点突破
1. Sure, we flew all the way directly from Seattle to London. 是的。我们是从西雅图直飞伦敦。
directly adv. 直接地
· After work Mr. Green went home directly. 下班后，格林先生直接回家了。
2. You must be very tired. 你一定很累了。
must 用来表达对某种情况的推测， 语气比较肯定。
·---Who took my book? 谁拿了我的书？
---It must be Xiao Ming, for he was reading your book just now. 肯定是小明，因为他刚才在看你的书.
3. Did you sleep at all on the plane?
你在飞机上睡了一会儿吗？
at all 在任何方面、最小程度上。常用于否定或问句中，加强语气。
·I don’t think that will do at all. 我觉得那根本不行。
·Did you discuss at all about the matter? 你们讨论了这个事情了吗？
·Do you feel ill at all? 你是否觉得有什么不舒服？
4. You don’t need to ask, just make yourself at home.
你没必要问， 就当在自己家一样。
· Welcome to my home and make yourself at home. 欢迎到我家来，请自便。
5. If you’ll excuse me now. 如果你原谅我的话（ 我想离开）。
6. Karen, can you tell me how to pronounce ” kilometer”? 你能告诉我kilometer如何发音吗？
how to pronounce 这是动词不定式的特殊结构。 这种结构通常由how, what, where, when, whether, who,等疑问词加上动词不定式构成。经常和以下动词或短语搭配：teach, show, tell, decide, ask, explain, understand, find out, talk about, wonder, know,
• Would you please show me how to operate the computer? 你能演示给我如何操作微机吗？
•We haven’t decided where to go for our holiday. 我们还没有决定假期去哪。
•They didn’t tell me when to set off. 他们没告诉我什么时候动身。
7． Karen and Emily, is there anything that isn’t clear to you? 你们还有什么不清楚的吗？
that isn’t clear to you 这是由that引导的定语从句修饰先行词anything。 当先行词是anything, something, nothing 等不定代词时，关系代词通常是that.
8． Got it. 知道了。
这是很口语化的表达方式。还可以用疑问句的形式。
Got it? 明白了吗？
9. Don’t forget to buy me some ketchup on your way back. 在你回来的路上别忘了给我买些番茄酱。
表达在某人去。。。的路上: on one’s way to 后加地名。但是如果短语后是副词时， 应去掉to。 比如上句中：on your way back 又如：
• On my way home I met my old classmate.
在我回家的路上我碰到了我的老同学。
10. In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue.
总共对于三亿七千五百万来说，英语是他们的母语。
1)in total 总共
2)mother tongue 母语
11. These people will perhaps speak the language of their own country at home with their family,…
这些人可能回家和他们的家人说他们自己国家的语言，。。。
of one’s own 某人自己的
• I have a house of my own. 我有我自己的房子。
• Often little words have meanings of their own. 通常小词有它们自己的意思。
12. except for 除了(不包括)。。。
表示除去不同类的东西，整体肯定，局部否定。相同用法还有except that…和except when。 except for 后加名词，except that/when后加从句。
·He is a good student except for carelessness.他是个好学生，只是有点粗心。
· Her composition is a good one except for some spelling mistakes.她的作文不错，只是有些拼写错误。
· The young soldier stood there still except that his lips moved slightly. 那位年轻的战士除了嘴唇在微微动以外，站在那儿一动不动。
· He never came except when he was in trouble. 他只有在有麻烦时才来。
13. have a knowledge of… 具有。。。的知识 knowledge 是抽象名词，在这里是它的具体化的用法。须加不定冠词
如要表达知识”丰富”要在knowledge 前加good
•It is necessary to have a knowledge of law.
•The scientist has a good knowledge of physics.
14. How did these differences come about?
come about 产生、造成
注意： 像happen, come about, take place, break out, come up 等短语，虽然句子的主语是“某事物”， 但并不用被动语态。
15. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. 有一段很长的时间里，这种语言在美国保持不变，而在英国却变化了。
stay the same 保持不变
1）stay 在这里是系动词，后面跟形容词。像stay 这样转义后用作系动词的还有remain, keep.
• The temperature has stayed hot this week. 本周气温一直居高不下。
• You’ll have to keep working hard to stay ahead of the others. 你必须继续努力工作，才能保持领先于他人的位置。
• The door stayed open all the weekend. 这门整个周末都开着。
2）while 在这里是“而”的意思，表示“对比”关系
The taller one of the twins likes playing basketball while the shorter one likes dancing. 孪生姐妹中较高的那个喜欢打篮球而较矮的喜欢跳舞。
16. Written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.
more or less 大约，或多或少， 大体上
这个词组在句中的位置不固定，一般说来该词组位于它所修饰词的前面。有两个词义。
• It’s more or less （about ）an hour’s walk from here. 离这儿大约有一小时的步行路程。
• The work is more or less (nearly/ almost) finished. 这项工作大体完成了。
17. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other. 尽管如此，大多数时候，两国人在互相理解上没有困难。
1） however 尽管如此，可是，仍然
however的语气比but强，与but 不同的地方还有它可放句首，句中或句尾，而且注意要用逗号（however 在句首，逗号在它后面；在句尾，逗号在它前面；在句中，逗号要在它前后各用一个。
•It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go to school on time. 雨下得很大，我仍然认为该准时上学。
·He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说事情是这样的，而他错了。
·She waited, however, for no explanation. 她等待着然而没有答案。
2） sb. have(has) some difficulty in doing sth. 某人在做某事方面有一些（没有/许多）困难 介词in 可省略。 还可根据需要写成这样的句型 sb. have(has) some difficulty with sth.
difficulty 是不可数名词，其前可以用any, some, no, much, little等词修饰，表示不同程度。用介词with 时，其后跟名词或代词。
• He has some difficulty (in) understanding the foreigner. 他理解这位外国人有困难。
• I have some difficulty with my English study. 我在英语学习上有困难。
18．There are several reasons for this. 这种情况的原因有几个。
reason 后应用for 来表示“。。。的” 而不用of 。
• The reason for his absence is still unknown. 他缺席的原因还不清楚。
19．They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.
bring in 有两个意思。1）带来， 引进，引入，介绍 2） 赚取， 获利
·The sale will bring in $50,000. 这桩买卖将会赚取￥50，000。
· We brought in experts to advise on the project. 我们请来专家为这项工程出谋划策。
20．There are a great many American Indian words, …
a great/ good many 许多，非常多。 可用作形容词修饰可数名词复数，也可用作代词。
•A great many words and expressions have come into the language from American English. 大量的美国英语的词汇和表达法已溶入到这种语言当中。
a great/good many= a large number of …
many= a number of…
所以，a great many 的量要比many 多。
转述请求或命令。祈使句中共有四种语气。其中包括请求和命令。要想转述好这两个句型，首先要认清这两个句型。
命令式的祈使句有一般式和强调式
Tell me the news at once. (一般式) 马上告诉我这消息。
Do tell me the news at once. （强调式） 一定马上告诉我这消息。
Don’t speak to strangers. （一般式） 不要和陌生人说话。
Never speak to strangers. （强调式） 千万不要和陌生人说话。
请求式的三个常见句型
·Please + 动词原形 + 其他
·Will/Would/Can/Could + you + 动词原形 + 其他 ？
·Would/Do + you mind (not ) + doing + 其他 ？
例 · Please pass me today’s newspaper. 请把今天的报纸递给我。
· Could you show me the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路吗？
· Do you mind not smoking here? 请不要在这抽烟好吗？
转述命令式的句型时，运用told sb. (not)to do sth.
转述请求式的句型时，运用asked sb. (not) to do sth.
· “Don’t worry about my health.” said Lily to her mother.
Lily told her mother not to worry about her health.
· “Take off your coat” said Jane to Mary.
Jane told Mary to take off her coat.
· “Would you follow me?” said the waiter to the customer.
The waiter asked the customer to follow him.
· “Do you mind not talking here?” said the assistant in the library to the reader.
The assistant in the library asked the reader not to talk there.
名师随堂解题
【基础题】
例1．The teacher _____ the students to stop reading and do their exercises for themselves.
A. suggested B. advised C. asked D. told
导析：根据句意， 可判断出人物是师生关系，根据日常生活的逻辑，应是老师叫/要求学生们。 所以应选D
例2. The secretary politely _____ her boss to sign the document.
A. suggested B. asked C. advised D. told
导析： 根据句意，人物是秘书和老板。而且还有politely一词。所以应选B.
【易错题】
例1．It is said that the weather will ____ hot for another three or four days.
A. look B. last C. stay D. get
导析：本题题干的意思是天气将要继续保持高温，因此选C
例2．If you take one from one hundred, ninety-nine _______.
A. remains B. continues C. leaves D. stays
导析： 因例句空白处需要的是不及物动词，而为动词，stay, continue能作不及物动词，但不合句意。选A
remain作不及物动词，意为“剩下，遗留”
Much remains to be settled.待解决的事尚多。
例3．There are so many recorders on sale that I can’t make a decision _____ to buy.
A. what B. which C. how D. where
导析：decide, find out, forget, know, wonder等动词后常接“疑问词+ 不定式的”的结构，用作宾语。首先根据句意,排除C,D项，而what和which做“哪个”讲时，what是无选择范围时使用的，which是有选择范围的。答案：B
例4．---Do you know where my address book is?
---It ________ be in the hall cupboard. I think I saw it this morning.
A. could B. can C. will D. must
导析： 要表达推测有几种语气。must , could , may, might 这四个词的语气依次递减，即must语气最肯定，might语气最不肯定。本题中根据语境可判断出第二个人不十分肯定，因为他说 I think I saw it this morning. can 不能用在肯定句中表推测。Will 没有这种用法。因此本题选 A
【高考题】2002 NMET上海
例1．One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _______ good knowledge of basic word formation.
A. / B. the C. a D. one
导析： 本题主要考不定冠词a的用法。在固定短语a knowledge of中表达“…的知识”的意思。答案：C
例2．（2002 NMET全国）
It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
导析：本题考两个语言点。1） 短语do with 的意思“对待，处理” 2）考查动词不定式的特殊结构“疑问词+不定式”。 答案：C
例3．（2003普通高校春季招生）
Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter ____ go and do the opposite!
A. may B. can C. must D. should
导析：本题考查推测的语气。根据题意是妈妈对女儿行为的推测，是较肯定的。
答案：C
单元综合练习
I 单项填空
1. _____ people can find jobs in the newly-built factory.
A. A great number B. A lot C. A great deal of
D. A great many
2. How much does that garage business _____ each month?
A. bring up B. bring in C. bring about D. come about
3. At last, _____, all of them left the quiet room.
A. but B. however C. while D. though
4. ---How much does the repairs to the house cost?
---2,800 dollars,_______.
A. in the end B. more or less C. almost about D. by all means
5. The composition is well written ____ a few spelling mistakes.
A. besides B. except for C. except .D but for
6. The book store _____ open until 8 at night every day.
A. stays B. is stayed C. is left D. is keeping
7. All of us still don’t know how the change has _____.
A. come about B. come down C. gone out D. gone about
8. Many people agree ____ knowledge of English is a must in ______ international trade today.
A. a; x B. the; an C. the; the D. x; the
9. Since the temperature had _____ so low for quite a few days, a lot of my classmates have caught cold.
A. grown B. stayed C. got D. turned
10. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
11. Do you have any difficulty _______ written English?
A. in B. to C. with D. at
12. By September we knew _______ what our income (收入) would be for the whole year.
A. now and them B. by an by C. step by step D. more or less
13. How did it ____that she stayed outside the classroom?
A. come about B. come into C. come across D. come at
14. The reason is ____ he didn’t listen to the teacher in class.
A. why B. because C. that D. because of
15. Is there anything _____ you want me to buy for you?
A. what B. that C. which D. who
II. 完型填空
Learning is natural. It begins the 1 we are born. Our 2 teachers are our families. At home we learn to talk and to 3 and feed ourselves. We learn these and other skills by 4 .
Then we go to school. A teacher tells us 5 to learn and how to learn. Many teachers teach us, and we pass many 6 . Then people say we are 7 .
Are we really educated? Let’s think about the real meaning of 8 . Knowing facts does not
9 being able to solve (settle) problems. Solving problems 10 creativity (创造力) , not just a good 11 . Some people who don’t know many 12 are good at solving problems.
Henry Ford is a good 13 . He quit (left) school at the age of 15. Later, when his company could not build cars 14 enough, he solved the problem. He 15 of the assembly line (装配线). Today the answer seems 16 . Yet think of the many university graduates who 17 solved that problem.
What does a good teacher do? Does he give students facts to 18 ? Well, yes, we must sometimes remember facts. But a good teacher 19 how to find answers. He brings us to the 20 of knowledge so we can drink for ourselves. When we are 21 , we know where to go.
True learning combines (joins together) intake with output. We take information 22 our brains. Then we use it. Think of a 23 : it stores a lot of information, but it can’t think. It only 24 commands. A person who only remembers facts hasn’t really learned. Learning takes 25 only when a person can use what he knows.
1. A. baby B. minute C. hour D. day
2. A. first B. good C. normal D. helpful
3. A. wear B. put on C. have in D. dress
4. A. asking B. listening C. following D. drilling
5. A. what B. when C. that D. who
6. A. stations B. people C. pencils D. exams
7. A. controlled B. educated C. suffered D. passed
8. A. taking B. growing C. answering D. learning
9. A. suggest B. say C. mean D. show
10. A. requires B. is C. brings D. gets
11. A. word B. thing C. memory D. condition
12. A. people B. facts C. techniques D. ways
13. A. learner B. teacher C. example D. driver
14. A. well B. fast C. beautiful D. cheap
15. A. managed B. heard C. talked D. thought
16. A. ordinary B. good C. simple D. special
17. A. never B. almost C. seldom D. ever
18. A. grasp B. understand C. master D. remember
19. A. knows B. shows C. gives D. encourage
20. A. plenty B. pile C. stream D. much
21. A. thirsty B. hungry C. cold D. sleepy
22. A. of B. for C. about D. into
23. A. radio B. computer C. record D. machine
24. A. obeys B. changes C. sends D. writes
25. A. measure B. place C. notes D. time
III.阅读理解
A Noah Webster
As a young adult, Noah Webster was a teacher. At this time, the colonies were fighting for independence from Britain. Yet the books that American children used in school all came from Britain. The books were all about British people and British places. Webster wanted books that would mean more to American children. So he wrote three books that used American examples --- a grammar book, a spelling book, and a reader. These books were very popular, and millions of them were sold.
Webster was interested in changing the spellings of words. He wanted words to be spelled the way they were pronounced. For example, he thought the word “head” should be spelled “hed”, and the word “laugh” should be spelled “laf”. People liked Webster’s suggestions.
However, few words were actually changed. One group of words that were changed were words in which an unpronounced “u” followed an “o”. That is why Americans write “color” and “labor”, and the British write “colour” and “labour”.
With the money he made from his books, Webster was able to write. It was the first American English dictionary, published in 1828.Webster’s dictionary had over 70000 words and gave the meaning and origin of each. To this day. Webster’s work is the example that most dictionaries of American English follow.
1. Which of the following statements is right?
A. Noah Webster had to borrow books from Britain when he was a student.
B. Noah Webster had his own government when he was very young.
C. When Noah Webster taught at schools, he wrote some story books.
D. As a teacher, Noah Webster wasn’t satisfied with the books he used.
2. The third paragraph mainly tells us that _____.
A .Webster spoke English in a different way
B. American people didn’t write English as exactly as English people did
C. Webster was good at correcting mistakes in textbooks
D. American people didn’t like speaking English
3. In ‘American history, Noah Webster is famous for _____.
A .his teaching methods
B .his dictionary
C .his fighting for freedom
D .learning foreign languages
4. The last sentence of this passage means ______.
A .most dictionaries in the world are the copies of Webster’s
B .most dictionaries in American English have the characteristics of Webster’s
C .most American people followed Webster’s advice on writing
D .Webster’s dictionary is the only one used in the United States
B
A linguist, an expert on languages, is always listening, never off-duty. I invited a group of friends round to my house, telling them that I was going to record their speech. I said I was interested in their regional accents (地方口音) and that it would take only a few minutes. Thus, one evening, three people came to my house and were shown into my front room. In front of each chair there was a microphone (麦克风) at head height, connected (连接) to a recorder in the middle of the floor. They sat down, rather nervously, and I explained that all I wanted was for them to count from one to twenty. Then we could relax and have a drink.
I turned on the recorder and each in turn counted from one to twenty in their best accents. When it was over, I turned the recorder off and brought round the drinks. The rest of the evening was spent in total relaxation. I joined them in talking and joking freely, leaving them only for a telephone call which lasted some time.
Or at least that is how it would appear. For, of course, the microphones were not connected to the recorder in the middle of the room at all but to another one in the bedroom. My friends, having seen the recorder before them turned off, paid no more attention to the microphones a few inches from their mouths, thus giving excellent sound quality. It meant that I was able to get as natural a piece of talk as it would be possible to find.
I should add, perhaps, that I did tell my friends what had happened to them, after the recording was over, and asked them whether it should be destroyed. None of them wanted to –but for some years after that , it always seemed that when it came to buying drinks, it was I who paid for them,. Linguistic research can be a very expensive business.
1.The writer asked his friends to count from one to twenty because he ______.
A. wanted to record how they pronounced numbers in their regional accents
B. had to check if his recorder was working
C. wanted them to think that was all he wanted to record
D. wanted to discover who had the best pronunciation
2. The writer left the room in the middle of the evening because _____.
A. he had to make a phone call
B. the phone rang in the bedroom
C. he wanted the others to have a talk without him
D. he didn’t like talking with them
3.The recording which the writer was able to make was ______.
A. natural B. controlled C. unclear D. expensive
4.When he told his friends what the had done, they _____.
A. wanted him to destroy the recordings he had made
B. didn’t seem to mind much
C. were angry with him
D. made him buy them more drinks
5.The writer recorded their talk ______.
A. on the recorder in the middle of the floor
B. through hidden microphones
C. on a recorder in another room
D. in the front room
IV. 短文改错
It is interesting to go another country but 1._________
there will make problems when we don’t know 2._________
the language very much. It may be difficult to 3._________
talk with the people there. We can not know 4.__________
how use the phone in the country we are 5._________
visiting. In strange country we may not know 6. _________
where to eat and what to order in a restaurant. 7.__________
When we need help, we might not know 8.__________
how to ask help. So if we don’t learn what to 9.__________
say, we may felt sorry to leave. 10.__________
IV. 书面表达
运用本单元所学有关英语方面的知识，根据下面几个问题写一篇有关英语学习情况的短文（80~ 100字）。题目：My English Study
1) How long have you learned English?
2) Do you still have any difficulty in learning English?
3) Can you tell the difference between British English and American English?
4) What is the most important if you want to learn English well?
【参考答案】
I.1-5 DBBBB 6-10 AAABB 11-15 CDACB
II. 1-5 BADCA 6-10 DBDCA 11-15CBCBD
16-20 CADAC 21-25 ADBAB
III.A 1-4 DBBB
B.1-5CCABC
IV. 1. 在go后加 to 或将go改成 visit 2. 将make改成 be
3. 将much 改成 well 4. 将can 改成may 5. 在how后加 to
6. 在in 后加a 7. 将and 改成 or 8. √
9. 在ask 后加 for 10. 将felt删除
V. 参考范文
I have been studying English for six years. I have learned many English words and phrases. I can talk with foreigners in simple English. As for English study, I still have a long way to go,. Sometimes I had some difficulty in understanding some long sentences and some English idioms. Sometimes I can not tell the difference between the American English and the British English. For e ample: Americans drive trucks, but in England they drive lorries. The back of a car is called a trunk in America. In England it is a boot. When I first met such problems, I was totally confused by the word “boot” in the sentence.
In my opinion, to learn English well, you must do more reading, writing, speaking and listening. If you keep on practicing, you will make rapid progress and learn English well.

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