| 高考单项填空题的应试策略 |
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近几年NMET中的单项选择题,不再是传统的纯语法考试,而是在考查语法点的同时,更加侧重考查语言的运用能力和应变能力.试题的设计已趋向交际化、实用化,选项与题干语境的设置越来越密切相关,每个题都被设计成微型语境.因此,解题时,除了运用已有的知识外,更需结合特定的语境才能正确地选择得体的语言形式. 1.结构分析法 首先弄清句子结构,然后再对照所给的选项,选出正确答案.例如: (2003上海, 37)Unless ______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited [解析]答案为A.invite与you是逻辑上的动宾关系,在此处表被动概念,故选择过去分词形式,相当于:Unless you are invited to speak,... 2.结构补全法 答题时,如发现句子是省略句,要尽可能地把省略部分补全,有助于正确地做出选择.例如: (NMET2002,35)Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what [解析]答案为B.one作moment的同位语,后接定语从句.在one之后补上关系代词that,答案就一目了然了. 3.结构简化法 在一个较复杂的题干中,先去掉插入语或附加的次要信息部分,然后可迅速找到正确答案.例如: (2000北京春, 23) ______ some of this juice-perhaps you'll like it. A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried [解析]把破折号后面的附加信息去掉,便可看出本题是祈使句,故答案为B. 4.把握语境法 要求考生找到语境的切入点,认真思考,仔细分析试题,确定正确答案.例如: (NMET2000,15)-Are you coming to Jeff's party? -I am not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might [解析]仔细分析语境可发现, I am not sure.为解题的切入点."不太有把握",表示一种可能性,故答案D正确. 5.找提示词法 对于有些题来说,若能找到关键的提示词,如but, and, otherwise等,问题便可迎刃而解了.例如: (NMET2002,34)The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ______ with each other. A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled [解析]答案为C.通读题干可知,它是由and连接的两个并列单句.后一句的never当属关键词,按语法分析,否定副词位于句首时,该句须倒装. 6.句式转换法 题干如果是一个复合句、被动句、疑问句、倒装句、强调句或感叹句等句式时,把它变成一个便于理解的简单句、主动句或陈述句,就可迅速解决问题. (1)复合句转换成简单句 (2001上海春,37) ______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give [解析]答案为B.if you can是条件状语从句.如果把这个句子转换成一简单句,就可以确定这是一个"祈使句+and+简单句"的句型,即:Give blood and you can save many lives. (NMET2001,32)Visitors ______ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested [解析]答案为D.以The workers为主语,把上句改成主动句,即:The workers request the visitors not to touch the exhibits.这样就会很容易地确定答案. (3)疑问句转换成陈述句 (1994上海,27)Was it in 1969 ______ the American astronauts succeeded ______ landing on the moon? A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in [解析]将这个句子转换成陈述句,即:It was in 1969 ______ the American astronauts succeeded ______ landing on the moon.便会发现这是一个强调句型,故答案D正确. (4)感叹句转换成陈述句 (2002上海春,23) ______ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting [解析]将感叹句转换成陈述句:She played an interesting role in the film.便不难看出正确答案为D. 7.逆向思维法 逆向思维是一种创造性的思维,它冲破了固有的"思维定式".运用逆向思维,在目前灵活多变的高考试题中,可收到意想不到的效果.例如: (NMET2001北京春, 25) ______ can you expect to get a pay rise. A. With hard work B. Although hard work C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard [解析]我们知道,当一些副词(短语)放在句首作状语时,后面的句子要实行倒装.反过来,由题干中的倒装,可确定C为正确答案. 当然,任何一种解题方法都不是孤立的、万能的,更多的时候需要双管齐下乃至多管齐下,才能达到预期的目的. 文/马照光《英语通》 相关链接：高考复习指导
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