外研新标准Book 1 Module 6知识精讲 |
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中学英语教学资源网 → 英语教案 → 教学设计 手机版 | ||||
知识精讲(一) 1.It then became possible for universities to use the system as well. 然后大学里也可以运用这套系统。 这是一个it作形式主语的句型,后面的动词不定式作真正的主语。这类结构有: (1)h is/seems/feels…+adj.+to do sth. It's hard to translate this sentence into English. 把这个句子译成英语很难。 It seems easy to deal with him. 跟他打交道好像挺容易。 (2)It's+n.+to do sth. It's a mistake to do it in this way. 这样做是错误的。 It's a pleasure to be with you. 跟你在一起很高兴。 (一句多译)在这儿见到你真意外! (3)It+动词短语+to do sth. It needs hard work to finish the job. 做完那项工作需要艰苦劳动。 It requires patience to teach children. 教育孩子需要耐心。 (4)在这类句子结构中,不定式的逻辑主语通常可在特定的情景中看出,也可用介词for或of引出。 It's impossible for him to go alone. 他一个人去是不可能的。 It's kind of you to say so. 谢谢你这样说。 [辨析]It's…for sb. to do与It's…of sb. to do 句型It's+adj.+for sb. to do中,it为形式主语,for,sb. to do是真正的主语,使用这一句型只表明不定式行为的特点,而不表明sb.本身的特点,常见的此类形容词有easy,difficult,hard,important,necessary,expensive,impossible等。 句型It's+ adj.+of sb. to do中,it为形式主语,of sb. to do是真正的主语。使用这一句型意在对sb.及其所做的行为进行评价,此类形容词有good,kind,nice,wise,wrong,clever,brave,honest等。另外,后一种句型可以进行下列句型转换: It's stupid of you to make such a mistake. =You are stupid to make such a mistake. 而前一种句型则不能这样转换: It's impossible for him to go alone.不能转换为: He is impossible to go alone. 知识精讲(二) [注:上接知识精讲(一)] 2.NSFNET became known as the Inter—Network,or "Internet". NSFNET作为“内部网络”或者“因特网”而闻名。 become/be known as被称作;被认为 He is known as a fair judge. 他被认为是一位公正的法官。 These chocolate bars are known as something else in the U.S.,but I can't remember what. 这种巧克力棒在美国有别的叫法,但我记不起叫什么来着。 He is known for his frankness. 他以坦率著称。 I don't think he's known to anybody here. 我认为这里谁也不认识他。 It is well known that Edison invented the electric lamp. 人们都知道是爱迪生发明了电灯。 [比较]be famous仅表示“出名”,后跟as或for,相当于be known as/for,但不能用于It's…that的结构。 目前,大约有80%的网络用英语,但这个百分比正在下降。 at the moment=at the present time;now 此刻;现在 The number is engaged at the moment. Try again later. 这个号现在占线,随后再试试吧。 百分数的表达法 百分数由“基数词+percent (per cent ) 构成”。如:53%读作fifty—three percent,应注意的是percent不能用复数形式。若百分数部分用作主语,其谓语动词要依其后的名词意义来决定。如: About sixty percent of the apple is bad. 这个苹果约60%坏了。 About sixty percent of apples are bad. 这些苹果的约60%坏了。 I think it's ninety percent probable. 我想有90%的可能。 注:用percent构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词应根据of后的名词确定。 知识精讲(三) [注:上接知识精讲(二)] 4.Berners-Lee built his first computer while he was at university using an old television! 读大学时,伯纳斯·李利用一台旧电视机制成了他的第一台电脑! 本句中using an old television是动词的-ing形式充当方式状语。 现在分词在句中作状语可以表示为以下几种情况: 时间状语: Walking around the city,we were impressed by the city's new look.在城里走时,城市的新容貌给我们留下了深刻印象。 条件状语: Staying here for some time,you'll find the people here are friendly. 若在此呆上一段时间,你会发现这里的人们很友好。 原因状语: Thinking he might be at home,I telephoned him. 考虑到他可能在家,我就给他打了电话。 伴随状语: He sat in the armchair,reading the newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅上读报纸。 5.He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland. 他是在1989年在瑞士工作期间产生“世界联网”这一想法的。 come up with意为“提出;提供”。如: I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. 我希望你能提出一个比这更好的计划。 He came up with many questions at the meeting. 他在会上提出了很多问题。 [拓展]come up with还可意为“赶上”。如: I'll come up with you soon. 我很快会赶上你的。 [比较]come up意为“被提出”。如: The question hasn't come up yet. 这个问题还没有被提出来。 The topic kept coming up in their conversation. 他们在交谈中老是提到这个题目。 知识精讲(四) [注:上接知识精讲(三)] 6.Berners-Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet,no just universities and the army. 伯纳斯·李利使所有人不仅是大学和军队使用“因特网”成为可能。 make it possible for everyone to use…中“作形式宾语,possible是形容词作宾补,for everyone to use是不定式短语作真正的宾语。例如: Modern technology has made it possible 10 fly in space. 现代技术使得在太空飞行成为可能。 We find it necessary for us to grasp another foreign language. 我们发现掌握另一门外语是有必要的。 We do not think it proper for you to say such a thing. 我们觉得你说这种事情不合适。 注:“作形式主语或形式宾语时,不能换成this或that等。 7.Within five years,the number of Internet users rose from 600 000 to 40 million. 五年内,使用因特网的人数从60万增长到了4千万。 辨析:the number of与a number of the number of…表示“……的数量”,中心词为the number of+n.短语是定语修饰number,因此谓语动词用单数;a number of为量词短语,表示“许多的……”,中心词是这个短语所修饰的复数名词,因此,作主语时,谓语动词应该用复数形式。例如: The number of students in our school has grown from 1 000 to more than 1 500. 我们学校学生的数量从1 000名逐步增加到1 500多名。 A number of students of our school have read that kind of magazine. 我们学校有许多学生看过那本杂志。 The number it wild animals has become less in recent years. A number of wild animals have been found in the forest. 森林里发现了一些野兽。 [提示]a number of=a good/large/great number of=numbers of 知识精讲(五) [注:上接知识精讲(四)] 8.As much time as I can. 尽可能多的时间。 “…as I can为比较状语从句,其后省略了spend。请看如下as…as结构: You can take as much as you can. 你尽管拿。 I'll help him as much as I can. 我会尽力帮他的。 Please call on me as frequently as you can. 请经常来看我。 Once he is on the highway,he always drives as fast as he can. 一高速路,他总是开快车。 “as+adv.+as+主语+can/could"结构常可以用“as+ adv.+as+possible"来代替,意为“尽可能地……”。如: He was running as fast as he could (as fast as possible). 他在尽可能快地跑着。 You must speak English as often as you can (as often as possible ). 你必须尽可能经常地说英语。 9.They are called emotions,and there are some examples below. 它们被称为“情绪”,下面是一些例子。 emotion此处为可数名词,作“(喜、怒、哀、乐等的)感情、情绪”讲。如下图: The program will stir/arouse the emotions“the viewers. 那个节目将会激起观众的情绪。 emotion作为不可数名词,当“(强烈的)感情;激动,兴奋”讲。如: I was overcome by/with emotion. 我激动/感动得无法自已。 [辨析]emotion与feeling feeling是感觉和感情最普通的用语。当“感情”讲时,需用复数形式。 emotion是喜、怒、哀、乐的情感。如: We can understand his feelings. 我们了解他的心情。 I didn't mean to hurt his feelings. 我并不想伤害他的感情。 |
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