| [中英文对照]古希腊神话故事集锦二 |
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古希腊神话故事:赫克犹巴 Hecuba he cuba''s life was one of grief and sorrow．she saw withher own eyes her eldest born hector killed and insulted by achilles．she saw her son polites slain in front of her by pyrrhus．and she saw her husband，the aged priam，dragged towards the household altar and ruthlessly butchered there．after the fall of troy she was carried into slavery ．shehad the misfortune to witness her daughter polyxena，her soleconsolation in bondage ，sacrificed at the tomb of achilles．she had the sad fate to see washed ashore the corpse of her young estson polydorus，who had been entrusted to the thracian king for safekeeping．with her fifty children all dead she became thequeen of sorrows from whom no other woman could obtain the crown ．yet in her distress and despair，she plucked up hercourage to avenge herself upon the thracian king，who had murdered her son in order to get her son''s gold．later，as dionysushad prophesied ，she was transformed into a dog with bloodshoteyes and，unable to endure the new misery，she leapt into thesea and thus ended her unfortunate life． 赫克犹巴 赫克犹巴的一生充满了痛苦与悲哀。她亲眼目睹了长子海克特被阿基里斯侮辱，尔后被杀害；儿子波利斯被皮洛士杀死在自己面前；年迈的丈夫皮安姆被拖到家庭祭坛残酷地处死。特洛伊沦陷后，她成了一名奴隶。她又不幸地看到了自己在奴役中的惟一安慰——女儿波里丝娜被血祭于阿基里斯的墓前。为了使最小的儿子波里德诺斯能得到妥善的照顾，她把他委托给了塞希国王。可是，不幸的命运又使她看到了被冲到海边的儿子的尸体。她的50个孩子都死了，赫克犹巴因此成为悲哀女王，而别的女人都无法得到这顶王冠。然而，即使处于痛苦与绝望之中，她仍旧鼓足勇气向塞希国王复仇，因为塞希国王为了得到她儿子的黄金而杀死了他。后来，正如狄俄尼索斯所预言，她被变成了一条狗，眼带血丝。她不堪忍受这种新的痛苦，就跳进海里，结束了自己不幸的一生。 古希腊神话故事:海妖塞壬 The Sirens far out in the sea there was an island，on the rocky edge of which lived three sirens，the three sisters of magic song．half human and half bird，the siren sisters sat in a field of flowers，singing in voices that excited the hearts of men．the attractive songs were so sweet that ships were attracted to the island and struck to pieces on the rocks．no sailor nor ship had ever been known to pass the island of the sirens without being attracted to disaster ． acting on the advice of circe，odysseus took careful preparation against the sirens．before their ships came to where they could hear the song，odysseus had himself tied to the mast ，stopped the ears of his men with wax and ordered them to ignorehis orders and gestures when they were passing the fatal is land ． 海妖塞壬 遥远的海面上有一岛屿，石崖边居住着唱魔歌的海妖塞壬三姐妹。半人半岛的塞壬姐妹们坐在一片花丛里，唱着盎惑人心的歌，甜美的歌声把过往的船只引向该岛，然后撞上礁石船毁人亡。过往的海员和船只都受到迷惑走向毁灭，无一幸免。 奥德修斯遵循女神喀耳斯的忠告。为了对付塞壬姐妹，他采取了谨慎的防备措施。船只还没驶到能听到歌声的地方，奥德修斯就令人把他拴在桅杆上，并吩咐手下用蜡把他们的耳朵塞住。他还告诫他们通过死亡岛时不要理会他的命令和手势。 不久石岛就进入了他们的视线。奥德修斯听到了迷人的歌声。歌声如此令人神往，他绝望地挣扎着要解除束缚，并向随从叫喊着要他们驶向正在繁花茂盛的草地上唱歌的海妖姐妹，但没人理他。海员们驾驶船只一直向前，直到最后再也听不到歌声。这时他们才给奥德修斯松绑，取出他们耳朵中的蜡。这次塞壬海妖们算是白唱了歌。三姐妹中的老大帕耳塞洛珀深深地爱慕着奥德修斯。当他的船只走过后，她就投海自尽了。 古希腊神话故事:伊俄 Io io was the daughter of a rivergod．she was loved，run after and won by zeus．hera became so greeneyed that she flew down from olympus one day to pay her rival back ．zeus，however，had foreseen her arrival and changed io into abeautiful white little cow．seeing through the trick，hera asked for the cow as a present and zeus had to give in to her wish ．then she left the cow to the care of a hundredeyed monster，argus．argus'' eyes were ever open and no escape was possible．unable to bear to see her so unhappy，zeus sent hermes down todestroy the monster．dressed up as a shepherd，hermes lulled argus to sleep with his sweet songs and long stories，then killed him and set io free．but hera''s anger was not to be calmed downyet．she sent a gadfly to attack the cow and drive her from land to land．in her misery the cow passed over the strait which divides europe and asia．in this way the strip of water got itsname bosporus ，the way of the cow．she wandered over thesea，which by chance got from her its name the ionian sea ．in the end she arrived in egypt where she was turned back into hernatural form ．she settled down and gave birth to a son，some of her children remained in egypt and ruled as kings for a longtime． 伊 俄 伊俄是河神的女儿，宙斯爱她、追求她、并得到了她。赫拉对此嫉妒不已。一天她飞下奥林波斯山向情敌施加报复。然而宙斯早已预见到她的光临，就将伊俄变成了一头美丽的小白牛犊，赫拉看穿了其中的诡计，非要一头牛犊作为礼物。宙斯无奈，只得让她如愿以偿。赫拉便将牛犊托付给百眼魔鬼阿刚斯看管。阿刚斯的眼睛永远睁着，要想逃脱是不可能的。看到伊俄如此忧郁，宙斯简直无法忍受，便令赫耳墨斯将魔鬼铲除。赫耳墨斯乔装成牧羊人给阿刚斯唱悦耳动听的歌，讲冗长乏味的故事以哄他入睡。之后便寻机杀死魔鬼，释放了伊俄。但赫拉的狂怒并未消除。她派了一只牛虻去攻击牛犊，使她颠沛流离。在十分悲痛之中，牛犊穿越了分隔欧亚大陆的海峡。从此这片狭长的水域被称作博斯普鲁斯海峡，意为牛犊之路。她接着漫游过海，这片大海也就在偶然中有了名称——伊奥尼亚海，最后她到了埃及，并恢复了她本来的体态和容貌。她在那里落户并生了个儿子。她的一些子孙就呆在了埃及，当了很长时间的国王。 古希腊神话故事:杰森 Jason among the pupils of the wise and just centaur，there wasa boy named jason．he was by birth a prince．his father aeson was once king of iolcus，but was overthrown by his own half brother pelias．so he sent his baby son jason to the centaur for safekeeping．as a boy jason took part in the boarhunt．when he grew up into a strong youth he was told of the secret of his birth．so he went to avenge his father''s wrongs ． 杰 森 半人半马的怪物（centaur）既英明又公正。他的学生中有个名叫杰森的男孩。杰森是位王子，他的父亲埃宋曾是伊俄卡斯的国王，但后来王位却被他同父异母兄弟珀利阿斯夺去了。因此他把还在襁褓中的儿子送给centaur照料。还是个孩子时，杰森就参加过捕猎野猪。当他长成一位强壮的小伙，知道自己身世的秘密后，他决定要为父亲所受的不公报仇雪恨。 在返回祖国的路上，他遇到一位老婆婆。她希望能有人帮她渡过山里的一条小溪。出于善良的天性和谦恭有礼的本能，杰森背起老人，淌过了小溪。他并未想到这位老婆婆竟是赫拉本人。因此他在生活的起点便得到了一位神通广大的朋友的帮助和保护。由于他在过河时遗失了一只鞋子，他不得不赤着一只脚走进了珀利阿斯的宫殿。当珀利阿斯看到这个陌生人时，他惊恐异常，因为一位预言家提醒他提防一个只穿了一只鞋的男人。当杰森告诉他自己是谁以及自己此行的目的时，他并没有感到奇怪。狡诈的珀利阿斯带着假惺惺的自豪和喜悦迎接了这位侄子。他发誓说，他愿意放弃王位，但接替他继承王位的人必须能够用事实证明自己确配接受王冠。于是，他怂恿年轻人去科尔切斯取回金羊毛。他断定他的侄子再不会活着回到他面前，因为这根本就是个不可能完成的使命。珀利阿斯的预言千真万确。杰森悲惨地死在科尔切斯王国。 古希腊神话故事:埃杰克斯（巨人） Ajax(The Great) ajax was a man of giant stature，daring but slow．when the trojan war was about to break out he led his forces from salamis to join the greek army at aulis．as one of the trustiest champions of the greek cause，he was given thejob of guarding one end of the greek camp near troy．he was noted in the battlefield for his bravery and courage．after achilles'' death he became one of the two hot contestants for the dead hero''s shield and armour，the other being odysseus．when the weapons were finally judged to his rival，ajax went mad for grief．unable to get over the hardships，he took his own life．when，in order to seek the advice of，odysseus came to visit the lower world，the shade of ajax frowned uponhim．in the lower world ajax chose to be a lion，guided clearly by the bitter recollection of his former life． 埃杰克斯（巨人） 埃杰克斯是位身材魁梧、骁勇善战、但头脑迟钝的人。当特洛伊战争即将爆发时，他率领军队从萨拉米斯到达奥尔墨斯加入了希腊军队。作为一名为希腊事业奋斗的最可信赖的斗士，他被派去保卫靠近特洛伊的希腊军营边界。战场上，他因作战勇猛而出名。阿基里斯死后，他成为两个最有可能获得阿基里斯的盾甲的有力竞争对手之一。另一名对手是奥德修斯。最后，他的对手胜利了，并得到了盾甲。埃杰克斯悲伤至极，无法自拔，最终结束了自己的生命。奥德修斯为了得到盲人底比斯的忠告而来到阴间；埃杰克斯的幽灵冲着他直皱眉头。在阴间，由于受到前世痛苦记忆的折磨，埃杰克斯选择了做一头狮子。 古希腊神话故事:洪水 The Flood towards the end of the age of bronze the human world became very cruel． men grew hungry，impolite and ungodly．neither rightn or law was respected any longer，and the rule of hospitality was forgotten．dressed up in human form，zeus visited arcadia andthessaly，and disliked the deadly wrongs of men ．he decidedto clear the earth of them all．without hesitation he released therainy south wind and called upon the heartless poseidon to help．soon the whole world sank in a vast ocean， and the entire humanrace disappeared in the unheard of flood，all but two poor thessalians ． these were an old childless couple，kind and faithful and contented with life．the man was called deucalion and his wife pyrrha．son of prometheus，deucalion had been warned beforehand by his father of the coming flood and made himself a hugechest．when the roaring flood came the couple hid themselves init and floated for nine days until it touched land again on mt parnassus． the once active world presented a frightening sight．it was all death and ruin．feeling lonely and unsafe，the old coupleprayed to the gods for help．a sage ucted them to cast the bones of their mother about ．the son of the wise titan， havingguessed the true meaning of the mysterious command， started throwing stones behind him． a miracle occurred． the stonesthat the man cast became men；the stones that the woman threwturned into women．since then，people appeared on the land again．the heroic age had begun． 洪 水 到了青铜期末代，人类世界变得非常残忍，人类也变得贪婪、粗鲁且不虔诚。公理与法律不再受到尊重。殷勤好客的风俗被遗忘。宙斯装扮成凡人的样子查看了阿卡迪亚和色萨利两地。他不喜欢凡人极度的罪恶，决心将他们从地球上铲除。他毫不犹豫地释放了夹雨的南风，并召来冷酷无情的波塞冬协助他。很快整个人类世界被淹没在一片汪洋之中。除了两名恭顺的色萨利人幸免于难外，人类被史无前例的洪水吞噬。 这对老夫妻没有孩子。他们善良、虔诚、对生活心满意足。丈夫是普罗米修斯的儿子，名叫丢卡利翁，妻子名为皮拉。丢卡利翁的父亲事先就警告他会爆发洪水，因此，他制了个巨大的箱子。当咆哮的洪水涌来时，夫妻俩就躲藏在箱中，这样漂泊了九天，最终漂到了帕那萨斯山。 曾经生机勃勃的大地呈现出恐怖的景象。死亡与毁灭四处可见。老夫妻深感孤独和危险。他们就向上帝祈祷，乞求帮助。一位圣人指示他们把母亲的遗骨掷向四周。这位聪明的泰坦的后代，马上悟出了这个神秘指示所隐含的意义。他们开始将石头抛向身后。奇迹出现了。男人抛出的石头变成了男人，女人抛的则变成了女人。从此人类再次在陆地上出现，英雄时代来临。 古希腊神话故事:雅典娜的神像 Palladium when ilus had first built his new seat，the city of troy， he prayed zeus to show some sign of blessing for it． his prayer was heard，and a wooden image of pallas- a-thena fell from heaven to within the walls of the city． known as the palladium， the statue afforded the city safety and protection． at religious meetings of the goddess it was carried through the city streets amid joys and songs of praise． after the flames of war had spread for ten years before the walls of troy， a prophet foretold that troy could never be expected to fall as long as the palladium was treasured by its people ．in order to steal it out，odysseus and diomedes slipped into the capital one night in disguise ，known to none but hellen．the bad woman took out them to he cuba， the queen of troy， at whose feet odysseus immediately bowed down and asked formercy．the queen granted their request，and with the help of helen，they successfully brought the image back to the greek camp at dawn． later it was said that aeneas got hold of it and carried itwith him to his new land，where it was preserved together with the goddess'' fire． 雅典娜的神像 当伊拉斯最初建造特洛伊城时，他祈求宙斯赐福于这座城市。宙斯听到祈求后，一尊木制的智慧雅典娜像从天堂落到了城墙里。人们将它称作雅典娜神像。这尊木像担任着保卫和看守城市的任务。在祭神的宗教仪式中，它在欢快的气氛和赞美的歌声中被抬着走过城市的所有街道。 在特洛伊建成之前，战火已弥漫了十年。一位预言家说：只要雅典娜的神像受人民的爱戴，特洛伊城就永远不会衰灭。为了将神像偷出城，一天夜里奥德修斯和狄俄墨德斯乔装改扮潜入首都，这一切只有海伦知道。这个可恶的女人把他们介绍给特洛伊皇后赫克犹巴。奥德修斯立刻跪倒在她的面前乞求怜悯。皇后答应了他们的要求，在海伦的帮助下，他们在拂晓的时候成功地带着雕像回到希腊营地。 据说后来埃弥斯得到了雕像并带着它到了自己的新领地。木像和神火一起被保存在这块土地上。 古希腊神话故事:菲勒美拉 Philomela king pandion of athens had two daughters，procne and philomela．when athens was threatened by the wild men，king tereus of thrace came to its help．out of gratitude king pandion offered tereus either of his daughters in marriage and the thracian king chose procne as wife． for yearsthey lived in thrace and had one son，itylus by name．then procne became homesick and longed to see her dear sister philomela．at her repeated requests tereus sailed to athens tofetch philomela．on the way back his evil heart took flame at the sight of philomela who was then in her beauty of maidenhood．he seized and carried her away by force，cut out her tongue and imprisoned her in a lonely hut in the woods．to procne he lied，saying that philomela was dead．philomela stayed in prison for ayear，where she had woven her painful story into the web of a robe ．then she managed to send the robe to her sister． as soon as she received the web procne came over to the woods and to reher sister away from the keepers． back at the palace, the two women，hot for paying back ，killed little itylus and served him up to his father ． when tereus learned of the terrible truth he grasped his sword and chased the sisters into the woods． there the gods turned procne into a swallow，philomela a nightingale and tereus a hoopoe ． 菲勒美拉 雅典国王潘底翁有两个女儿，普鲁丝妮和菲勒美拉。当雅典受到蛮人的威胁时，色雷斯国王泰诺斯伸出了援助之手。出于感激，国王潘底翁让泰诺斯从自己的女儿中任选一位作他妻子。泰诺斯选择了普鲁丝妮。他们在色雷斯生活了许多年，并且生了一个儿子，名叫意大拉斯。由于远离故土，普鲁丝妮患了思乡病，她非常想见亲爱的妹妹菲勒美拉。在她的一再要求下，泰诺斯乘船去雅典接菲勒美拉来与她姐姐团聚。在返回的途中，看到菲勒美拉浑身散发出的青春和美丽，泰诺斯非常嫉妒，顿生歹意。他强行带走了菲勒美拉，并割去了她的舌头，将她关在森林中一个偏僻的小茅屋里。在普鲁丝妮面前，他撒谎说菲勒美拉已经死了。菲勒美拉被囚禁了整整一年。在囚禁期间，她将痛苦的经历编织成了一件长袍；然后，她想方设法让长袍落到她姐姐的手中。普鲁丝妮一收到那件长袍就来到了森林，将她妹妹救了出来。 回到宫殿后，姐妹俩急于复仇，杀死了小意大拉斯，并派人将尸体送到他父亲那里。国王泰诺斯得知事情真相后，提起剑来把姐妹两人赶到森林里。在林中，众神将普鲁丝妮变为一只麻雀，将菲勒美拉变为一只夜莺，而将泰诺斯变成了一只戴胜科鸟。 古希腊神话故事:狄俄尼索斯 Dionysus dionysus was the god of wine．he was the son of zeus by semele． when his mother was burnt to death in the glory of zeus ．he was still a helpless infant．his father trusted his upbringing to some mountain fairy maidens ．they tookthe greatest care of him． under the tutorship of silennus，the satyr， he was introduced to all the secrets of nature and the culture of the wine． he travelled far and wide in his carriage drawn by wild beasts． he was said to have been to india and ethiopia ．wherever he went， there was music and song and revelling．hisattendants，known as the bacchantes， were noted for their noiseand disorder．a most wild，noisy crow，they drank，danced andsang in a careless way．the women bacchantes were infamous for their excessive immodesty and disgraceful excitement ．in their madness and intoxication they committed cruel violence. they tore orpheus，the gifted musician，limb from limb．king pentheus of thebes，for frowning on the worship of bacchus in his kingdom， suffered the same treatment at the hands of a band of these fanatical women，of whom his own mother was the leader． 狄俄尼索斯 狄俄尼索斯是酒神，他是宙斯和塞梅莱的儿子。当他的妈妈被宙斯的璀璨之焰烧死时，他还只是个孤弱的婴儿。他的父亲将他寄托在山中仙子们那里，他们精心地哺育他长大。在森林之神西莱娜斯的辅导下，他掌握了有关自然的所有秘密以及酒的历史。他乘坐着他那辆由野兽驾驶的四轮马车到处游荡。据说他曾到过印度和埃塞俄比亚。他走到哪儿，乐声、歌声、狂饮就跟到哪儿。他的侍从们，被称为酒神的信徒，也因他们的吵闹无序而出名。他们肆无忌惮地狂笑，漫不经心地喝酒、跳舞和唱歌。侍从中的妇女也因极端粗野、得意起来有失体面而臭名昭著。当她们疯狂或是极度兴奋时，她们使用残忍的暴力。她们曾把俄尔浦斯这位才华横溢的音乐家的手足撕裂。就连底比斯国王，仅因为在本国崇拜巴克斯（狄俄尼索斯的别名）问题上皱了皱眉头，也遭受了同样的惩罚。而带领这群狂热的女人胡作非为的就是狄俄尼索斯的母亲。 古希腊神话故事:阿瑞斯 Ares son of zeus and hera，ares was appointed god of war．hewas terrible and majestic ，and his march shook the world．of all the major gods at olympus，he was the most hateful，loving struggle and war and ever thirsty for blood ．on the other hand he signified courage and victory in battle，and was devoutly worshipped by soldiers going to war．prayers were addressed to him before the war and spoils presented at his altar after it． he was the one god who ever had to submit to the power ofhis inferiors ．at one time lack of tact and good udge ment led to his shame．he was fighting with two giants，and finding himself no match for the two monstrous creatures，laid down hisarms and was imprisoned in chains． he was set free in the end by the artful hermes，but not before he had suffered all the humiliations . he was as thoughtless as he was unkind ．a son of poseidon''s，attempting to kidnap his daughter，made the war-god unhappy，so that he killed the youth without he sitation.in retaliation ，poseidon dragged him before a group of athenian judges for trial．the court was held on a hill outside athens．ares presented his case and was declared innocent . the hill was ever after called areopagus，“the hill of ares”，and the judges receivedthe names of areopagitae． 阿瑞斯 阿瑞斯，宙斯和赫拉之子，被委任为战神。他威严而可怕。他一走动，整个世界都会摇晃。在奥林波斯山上的所有主神中，他是最可恨的、最喜欢争斗和战争的神，并且永远对血腥有一种渴望。另一方面，他代表勇气和胜利，被即将上战场的战士们疯狂地崇拜。这些崇拜者战前都要向他祈祷，战后将战利品供奉在他的祭坛前。 他是惟一一位曾经不得不屈于部下威力的神。有一次，由于缺乏机智与正确判断使他蒙受羞辱。他和两个巨人决斗，发现自己不能抵挡。他自动放下武器，被铐上铁链关了起来，最后他被老练的赫尔墨斯救出来，但在此之前，他已饱尝了受侮辱的滋味。 他做事不加思考，就像他的残暴一样典型。波塞冬的一个儿子企图诱拐他的女儿，弄得战神非常不悦。于是，他毫不留情地把他干掉了。为了替儿子报仇，波塞冬拉着阿瑞斯到雅典法官面前要求审判战神。审判是在城外的一座小山上开庭的，阿瑞斯叙述了案情，最后被判无罪。从那以后，这座山就称作雅典的最高法院，即“阿瑞斯之山”；而出审的法官们被称作雅典最高法院的法官。 古希腊神话故事:厄洛斯（丘比特） Eros(Cupid) eros was the god of love，better known by hislatin name cupid．son of aphrodite by ares ，he took his place among the small gods of olympus．he was represented asa little naked boy，with sparkling wings，and he carried his bowand arrows wherever he wandered．shooting his thrilling arrows in evils，he inspired the passion of love and provided all nature with life and power of reproduction．the lovely，naughty god had two kinds of arrows：the gold tipped arrows used to quicken the pulse of love and the lead tipped ones to palsy it． besides，he had a torch to light hearts with． though sometimes he was blindfolded ，no man nor god，zeus himself included，was safe from his evils．at one time the little naughty god was wounded by his own arrows and suchburning love was awakened in him for the human maiden psyche that he disregarded the constant interference of his mother and plucked up his courage to beg zeus for justice．another famousstory where eros played an important part was the argonautic expedition．medea，daughter of king aeetes，was wounded by eros'' arrows，took jason''s part in recovering the golden fleece and eventually became the hero''s wife． 厄洛斯（丘比特） 厄洛斯是爱神，它的拉丁名称丘比特更为人熟知。他是阿瑞斯和阿芙罗狄蒂的儿子，是一位小奥林波斯山神。他的形象是一个裸体的小男孩，有一对闪闪发光的翅膀。他带着弓箭漫游。他恶作剧地射出令人震颤的神箭，唤起爱的激情。给自然界带来生机，授予万物繁衍的能力。这位可爱而又淘气的小精灵有两种神箭：加快爱情产生的金头神箭和中止爱情的铅头神箭。另外，他还有一束照亮心灵的火炬。 尽管有时他被蒙着眼睛，但没有任何人或神，包括宙斯在内，能逃避他的恶作剧。有一次这位淘气的精灵被自己的箭射中。对人间少女普赛克炽热的爱在他心中复苏，以致于他不顾他母亲的干预，鼓起勇气让宙斯给予公正评判。厄洛斯起了重大作用的另一个著名的故事是亚尔古英雄的远征。美狄亚，国王埃厄忒斯的女儿，被厄洛斯的神箭射中，和伊阿宋一起寻觅金羊毛，最后成为这位英雄的妻子。 古希腊神话故事:纳鲁斯和普鲁吐斯 Nereus and Proteus of all the small sea divinities nereus and proteus stood out as peculiar sea-gods．nereus，known as“the old man of the sea”，represented the pleasant aspect of ocean waters．he lived beneath the sea with his fifty lovely daughters，of whom the most famous were amphritrite，thetis，galate a and panope．it was nereus who advised heracles to seek prometheus in the hero's search of the golden apples． proteus was poseidon's herdsman. he was well known for two qualities：the gift of prophecy and the power to take various forms．at one time he was a lion with a curly wavy hairs；at another he appeared in the shape of a wild boar；and still another he stood a stately tree covered with rich leaves．when，after all these and many other changes，he failed to get rid of his questioner， the god offered detailed answers． 纳鲁斯和普鲁吐斯 在所有的小海神中，纳鲁斯和普鲁吐斯异常独特。纳鲁斯是人们熟知的“海中的老人”。他代表了海水友善的一面。他和50个可爱的女儿一起生活在海中。她们当中最著名的有；安菲瑞垂托、塞提丝、盖拉蒂和潘诺珀。在勇敢地寻觅金苹果的时候，纳鲁斯建议赫格立斯寻找普罗米修斯。 普鲁吐斯是波塞冬的牧羊人。他有两种非凡的能力：他能预言，他还能够变成不同的动物。有时他是一头狮子，有着波浪般的卷发。有时他是一头凶猛的野猪。而有时他又是一棵枝叶繁茂、外表威严的大树。经过这些变化之后，当他无法摆脱询问者时，神就替他作出详尽的回答。 古希腊神话故事:普罗米修斯 Prometheus prometheus was a titan ．in the war between zeus the giants he had stood on the side of the new olympiangods．out of the clay he made the first man，to whom athena gave soul and holy breath．prometheus spent a lot of time and energy in creating the gift of fire．and fire raised man above all animals ．later，there held a joint meeting of gods and men．the meeting was to decide what part of burnt animals should begiven to gods and what to men．prometheus cut up an ox and divided it into two parts：under the skin he placed the fresh，and under the fat he put the bones，for he knew the selfish zeus loved fat． zeus saw through the trick and felt displeased at the prometheus' favor towards men．so in a masterful way he took away the gift of fire from mankind．however，prometheus managed to steal fire from heaven and secretly brought it down tomen．flying into an anger at this unjustified act of rebellion，zeus let the other gods chain prometheus to a rock on mountain caucasus，where a hungry eagle ever tore at his liver which ever grew again．his period of pain was to be thirty-thousand years．prometheus faced his bitter fate firmly and never lost courage before zeus．at last heracles made prometheus and zeus restore to friend ship，when heracles came over in search of the golden apple and killed the eagle and set the friend of mankind free． 普罗米修斯 普罗米修斯是泰坦巨人之一。在宙斯与巨人的战争中，他站在新的奥林波斯山神一边。他用粘土造出了第一个男人。雅典娜赋予了这个男人灵魂和神圣的生命。普罗米修斯还花费了很多时间和精力创造了火，并将之赠予人类。火使人成为万物之灵。在这之后，举行了第一次神与人的联席会议。这个会议将决定烧烤过的动物的哪一部分该分给神，哪一部分该给人类。普罗米修斯切开一头牛，把它分成两部分：他把肉放在皮下，将骨头放在肥肉下。因为他知道自私的宙斯爱吃肥肉。宙斯看穿了他的把戏。普罗米修斯偏袒人类，这使宙斯感到不快。因此，他专横地把火从人类手中夺走。然而，普罗米修斯设法窃走了天火，偷偷地把它带给人类。宙斯对他这种肆无忌惮的违抗行为大发雷霆。他令其他的山神把普罗米修斯用锁链缚在高加索山脉的一块岩石上。一只饥饿的老鹰天天来啄食他的肝脏，而他的肝脏又总是重新长出来。他的痛苦要持续三万年。而他坚定地面对苦难，从来不在宙斯面前丧失勇气。最后，海格立斯使普罗米修斯与宙斯恢复了他们的友谊，找到了金苹果，杀死了老鹰，因而解救了人类的老朋友。 古希腊神话故事:阿波罗 Apollo among the crowd of olympian gods the one most widely admired was apollo．he was the son of zeus and let to．according to greek mythology，leto was driven by hera from land to land at last poseidon took pity on her and brought the island of delos out of water for her to live on．there she gave birth to the twins ，apollo and artemis． apollo was me sun-god．he wore a purple robe．he usually sat in his bright eastern palace early in the morning and madeready to start his daily journey across the sky．during the day hed rove his carriage of gold and ivory ， and brought light， life and love to the great world below． iate in the afternoon he came to the end of his journey in the far western sea and got on his golden boat to return to his eastern home． apollo was the god of music and poetry．he could stir up all feelings．these feelings are expressed in lofty songs．with his lyre of gold and the sweet accents of his godlike voice heled the choir of the muses at olympus．the pleasant music from his lyre was so exciting that stones marched into their places in rhythmic time and of their own will when he helped poseidonbuild up the walls of troy．on one occasion，invited to a contest by the human musician marsyas，he won and then flayed him to death for his pride．on another occasion，he lost out topan at a musical contest and turned the ears of the judge，king midas，into those of an ass． his son，orpheus，took over such skill from the father that his lyre moved man and animals alike． apollo stood for youthful and manly beauty．his goldenhair，stately manner and air all combined to make him the admiration of the world．a beautiful girl，by the name of clytle，was so fond of his beauty and glory that from dawn to dusk she knelt on the ground，her hands outstretched towards the sungod，and her eyes looked at his golden wheeled carriage racing across the blue sky．though her love was not returned，she had never changed her mind about apollo．the gods were moved at the sad sight，and changed her into a sunflower． 阿波罗 在众多的奥林波斯山神中，主神宙斯和雷托之子阿波罗最受推崇。据希腊神话记载，雷托被天后赫拉驱赶得四处流浪。最终是海神波塞冬怜悯她并从海中捞起提落岛让她居住。在岛上，她生了孪生儿子阿波罗和阿尔特弥斯。 阿波罗是太阳神。清晨他身着紫色袍，坐在那明亮的东方宫殿，准备开始每日穿越天空的旅行。白天，他驾着用金子和象牙制成的战车，给广阔无垠的大地带来光明、生命和仁爱。黄昏时分，他在遥远的西海结束了旅行，然后就乘上金船返回东方的家中。 阿波罗是音乐神和诗神。他可唤起人们倾注于圣歌中的各种情感。在奥林波斯山上，他手拿金质里拉，用悦耳的音调指挥缪斯的合唱。当他帮助波塞冬建造特洛伊城墙时，里拉奏出的音乐如此动听，以致石头有节奏地、自动地各就其位。有一次他接受凡人音乐家马斯亚斯的挑战参加一次竞赛。战胜对方后，他将对手剥皮致死以惩罚他的狂妄自大。在另外一次音乐比赛中，因输给了潘神，他就将裁判迈尔斯国王的耳朵变成了驴耳朵。 阿波罗的儿子俄耳甫斯继承了父亲这方面的才能。他的竖琴使人与动物皆受感动。 阿波罗象征着青春和男子汉的美。金色的头发、庄重的举止、容光焕发的神态，这些足以使他受到世人的青睐。一位名叫克里提的美丽少女迷恋于他的英俊潇洒，跪在地上，从黎明到黄昏，双手伸向太阳神。她凝视着那辆金质马车在蔚蓝的天空驰骋。虽然她的爱并未得到回报，但她对阿波罗的痴情却从未改变。目睹这悲哀的场面，众神深受感动，将她变成了一株向日葵。 古希腊神话故事:奥林波斯山神 Pandora after the stealing of fire，zeus became increasingly unkind to men．one day he ordered his son hephaestus tobuild an image of a beautiful maiden out of clay．he then asked the gods and goddesses to award her with different kinds of gifts．among others，athena clothed her in an attractive coat and hermes gave her the power of telling lies．a charming young lady，she was the first woman that ever lived．zeus called her pandora．because she had received from each of the gods and goddesses a gift．the gift was harmful to men． zeus decided to send her down to men as a present．so hermes them essenger brought her to epimetheus，brother of prometheus．the greatness of her beauty touched the hearts of all who looked upon her，and epimetheus happily received her into his house．he had quite forgotten pometheus' warning：never to accept anything from zeus．the couple lived a happy life for some time．then trouble came on to the human world． when he was busy with teaching men the art of living，prometheus had left a bigcask in the care of epimetheus．he had warned his brother not to open the lid．pandora was a curious woman．she had been feeling very disappointed that her husband did not allow her to take a look at the contents of the cask．one day，when epimetheus was out，she lifted the lid and out itcame unrest and war，plague and sickness，theft and violence， grief sorrow，and all the other evils．the human world was hence to experience these evils．only hope stayed within the mouth of the jar and never flew out．so men always have hope within their hearts． 潘多拉 偷窃天火之后，宙斯对人类的敌意与日俱增。一天，他令儿子赫菲斯托斯用泥塑一美女像，并请众神赠予她不同的礼物。其中，雅典娜饰之以华丽的衣裳，赫耳墨斯赠之以说谎的能力。世上的第一个女人是位迷人女郎，因为她从每位神灵那里得到了一样对男人有害的礼物，因此宙斯称她为潘多拉（pander：意为煽动）。 宙斯决定把她作为礼物送给世间的男子。于是信使赫耳墨斯将她带给普罗米修斯的弟弟厄庇墨透斯。她姿容绝美，见者无不为之倾心。厄庇墨透斯兴高采烈地把她迎入屋内。普罗米修斯警告过他不得接受宙斯的任何馈赠，而他已将之忘于脑后。这一对夫妻有过一段幸福的生活，但不久灾难却降临人间。 当普罗米修斯忙于教授人们生存之道的时候，他把一个桶托付给厄庇墨透斯。他警告过他的弟弟不要打开桶盖。潘多拉好奇心强。她的丈夫不允许她看桶中之物，这使她感到十分懊恼。一天乘厄庇墨透斯出门在外，她打开桶盖，从桶里跑出的是不和与战争，瘟疫与疾病，偷窃与暴力，悲哀与忧虑，以及其他一些人类从此要遭受的不幸。只有希望被关在桶口，永远飞不出来，因此人们常常把希望藏于心中。 古希腊神话故事:回声和那西塞斯 Echo And Narcissus narcissus was a handsome youth．his lovely face and graceful form were the admiration of all who looked upon him．and he knew it．he was proud that he thought no one buthimself was worthy to see his youthful beauty．thus given up tosweet thoughts of self，narcissus avoided all company．heroamed the wooded little valleys every day，madly in love withhimself． when he was delightfully wandering through the woods oneday，a wood fairy maiden，echo by name，caught sight of him．she was excited at once．joyfully coming down towards narcissus，she stretched out her loving arms．to her dismay，however，the young man roughly brushed her aside and went by without so much as a glance at her．the poor fairy maiden''s face turned red and quickly withdrew to a shady spot ，following the object of her love with her longing eyes． presently narcissus stopped to drink from a little stream．kneeling down on the bank，he saw a lovely face in the clear water．his heart gave a beat．he smiled and was smiled back to．thinking that it must be a maiden in love with him，he bent down to kiss her．and her lips also drew near his．but as soon a she touched the clear surface the lovely face disappeared．the angry youth was now desperate．never had he been looked downupon like that before．day and night，he stayed at the stream without drinking and eating．before long he died，never suspecting that his maiden was just his own image in the stream．the gods took pity on the fair dead body and turned it into a flower bearing his name． the intoxicated echo saw all this．slowly she became weak for despised love，until at last nothing remained of her except her voice． 回声和那西塞斯 那西塞斯是一位英俊的青年，面容可爱，体形优美。他深信，他的容貌会使每个见到他的人羡慕不已。他很骄傲，认为除了自己之外，别人都不配欣赏他那充满青春气息的面庞。因而，他沉溺于甜美的自我欣赏之中，远离所有的人，在苍翠蓊郁的小山谷中终日闲逛，他成了一位自恋狂。 一天，那西塞斯在树林中愉快地游荡。一位名叫回声的仙女一看见他就兴奋起来；她伸出爱的双臂，高兴地走向那西塞斯。然而，令她惊愕的是，这位青年粗暴地将她推开，连看都不看她一眼就走开了。这位可怜的仙女羞红了脸，迅速退到遮阴处，含情脉脉地凝望着心上人。 不久，那西塞斯来到一条小溪边饮水。当他跪在岸边时，他发现清澈的溪水中有一张非常可爱的面庞。他非常激动，并对着水中的人微笑，水中人也给了他一个微笑。他认为，一定是一位仙女爱上了他。于是，他就蹲下去吻她，她的嘴唇也向他靠拢。但是，当他的嘴唇一接触清澈的溪水，水中那张可爱的脸就消失了。这位恼怒的青年人此时变得绝望了，他从未被人如此鄙视过。他日夜呆在溪边，不吃不喝，不久就死了。他从未怀疑过水中的女子只是自己的影子罢了。众神非常怜悯他那优美的躯体，把他变成了一朵同名的花。 那位陶醉于爱河的回声亲眼目睹了这一切变化。慢慢地，她由于单相思而日渐憔悴；最后，除了声音之外，她已经一无所有。 古希腊神话故事:维纳斯和阿多尼斯 aphrodite loved adonis more than she did anybody else，for he was a brisk，lovely young hunter．she gave up herhome at olympus and took to the woods．in the woods she dressed herself up like a huntress and kept the youth company all day long．with him she wandered through grounds andgroves and over hills and valleys．she cheered hunting dogs andpursued animals of a harmless sort．they had a great time together．however，she warned him many times not to chase wild beasts like lions and wolves，but the young man just laughed at the idea． one day，after warning him thus，she left for olympus inher carriage．quite by chance adonis'' hunting dogs found aboar，which roused adonis to enthusiasm．he hit the beast with an arrow，but the boar，turning on him，buried its white tusk deep into his tender side and trampled him to death．when aphrodite came back to find her lover cold in death，she burst into a passion of tears ．unable to take him back from the lower world，she sprinkled wine on adonls'' blood and turned it into anemone，a delicate purple flower． aphrodite was not calmed down yet．in grief and despair she flew to zeus and begged zeus'' sympathy．hades was by no means prepared to meet her request．after much dispute anagreement was worked out under which adonis was to spend half the year above ground with aphrodite，but the remaining six months in the elysian fields．therefore，in spring time adonis came back to the loving embrace of aphrodite ，but when winter came he had to return most reluctantly to hades． 维纳斯和阿多尼斯 阿芙罗狄蒂爱阿多尼斯胜过爱别的任何人，因为他是一个精神抖擞、生气勃勃的少年猎手。她离开了奥林波斯山的住所来到林中。她装扮成一个女猎手，让这个年轻人整日陪伴左右，并与他一起游遍了山林、河谷。她跟着猎狗，欢呼雀跃，追赶着无害的动物。他们一起渡过了一段美好时光。虽然她奉劝了他许多次不要捕杀像狮子和狼这样的野兽，但年轻人只是嘲笑她的想法。 有一天，当她如此奉劝他之后，她坐上马车去奥林波斯山。非常凑巧，阿多尼斯的猎狗发现了一头野猪，使阿多尼斯热血沸腾，跃跃欲试。他一箭射中了这头野猪，但是野猪没死，掉过头向他冲击，长牙深深地扎进阿多尼斯的要害部位，将他抵死。当阿芙罗狄蒂回来之后，发现她的恋人尸骨已寒，她大哭起来。但无法将他从地府再拉回阳间，她便在阿多尼斯的血上洒上葡萄酒，将它变作秋牡丹，一种紫色的小花。 阿芙罗狄蒂的心并没有因此平静下来，在忧伤和绝望心情的笼罩下，她飞到宙斯处，乞求他的怜悯。哈得斯一点也不打算答应她的要求。经过一番口舌之争，他们达成协议：阿多尼斯每年可以到阳间和阿美罗狄蒂相聚半年，但剩下的六个月得到天堂渡过。由此每当春天的时候，阿多尼斯就转世回到阿芙罗狄蒂身边享受她爱的拥抱，但到了冬天他就得不情愿地回到哈得斯那儿。 相关链接：教学论文
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