英国人的婉转含蓄

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  英语源于英国,学习和研究英语,必须了解英国人的文化素养和表达方法。英国人喜欢用一种婉转的说法来陈述和表达其思想。这与美国人的“frank”(率直)形成鲜明对照。例如,对于“好”和“坏”英国人常常避免直接说“good” or “bad”,而说:“It's not terribly good.”(不太好。)“not too bad” = very good indeed;“not bad” = rather good.
  “I am afraid”是英国人喜欢的表达方法。这是用礼貌的方式表达可能令人不快的信息。因此,“I am afraid”可以译成“抱歉”、“遗憾”、“对不起”。如:“I'm afraid we can't come.”(很抱歉,我们不能来。)“I can't help you, I am afraid.”(我帮不了你的忙,对不起。)“Have we missed the train? I'm afraid so.”(我们误了火车吗?很遗憾,是误了。)“Have you any milk? I'm afraid not.”(有牛奶吗?对不起,没有。)
  在表态时,很少直接用“反对”一词,而是说:“I have strong reservation about saying yes.”“I am not very keen about something.”
  在表达数量或程度时,不直接说“多”或“少”。如:“He expends a not inconsiderable amount of labour on something.”“Malta has played a not inconsiderable part in the Council of Europe.”
  指责别人“说谎”,英国人避免直接用“lie”,而有几种其他说法,如“You flirt with truth.”(你玩弄真理。)“You are guilty of terminological inexactitude.”(你用语不确切。)等等。
  用“肯定”的词语表示“否定”的意见,如“This is the last thing he would do.”(这是他绝不会做的事。)
  还有一种修辞法,叫做Litotes(希腊字,意为反叙法或曲意法,即用否定的词语来表示肯定的修辞法。)如:“He is not a bad player.” = He is a very good player. “She was not a little upset.” = She was extremely upset. 又如,“It wasn't easy.”(此事不易。)意为:It was difficult.
  请看撒切尔夫人的一段话:
  In a message to the Chinese leader, Mrs. Thatcher said, “The British Government assume that the Chinese Government agree that a confrontation would not serve the common aim of maintaining the stability and prosperity in Hongkong and would be in the interests of neither side.”
  这段话确是一种“understatement”,表达了英国政府在香港问题上的强硬立场。
  文/待凤艳
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