| 现在完成时态的被动语态用法例说 |
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现在完成时态的被动语态是被动语态中的重点。本文拟从现在完成时态的被动语态的类型及常见错误的角度，对其用法进行归纳、总结和整理。 一、现在完成时态的被动语态类型 [例1] Paper money________for over a thousand years. A. used B. has been used C. has used D. is using [析] 主语和谓语是被动关系，而且时间状语是一个时间段，根据题意，谓语动词所要表示动作可能还要继续下去，符合现在完成时，所以应该是现在完成时的被动式。答案是B。 [例2] —We want to sit at the table near the window. —I'm sorry，but it________already. A. has taken B. took C. was taken D. has been taken [析] 从题干中的答语知道，座位已经有人坐了，说明结果。所以应该用现在完成时的被动式。答案是D。 [例3] —________the letter________to Mr Black? —No. It's still on the desk. A. Has; given B. Will; be given C. Was; given D. Has; been given [析] 此题是一道问答情景题。问话人想知道的是动作的结果，所以应该是现在完成时的被动式。其疑问式是把这一结构中的助动词have或has提前，所以正确答案为是D。 [例4] —How long________at this job? —Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed [析] how long 引导的是一个特殊疑问句，从how long和 since 1990我们可以确定应该是现在完成时，再从意义上看，应该使用被动语态，所以答案应该是B。 [例5] The reason for all the changes being made________to us yet. A. as not explained B. has not been explained C. didn't explain D. were not explained [析] the reason 是主语中心词，它和谓语explain之间是被动关系；题干的意思是：还没有给我们解释作出变化的理由。应该是现在完成时的被动式的否定式。答案是B。 [例6] Great changes________in my hometown and a lot of factories________. A. have been taken place；are being set up B. have taken place；have been set up C. are taken place；had been set up D. had taken place；will be set up [析] take place 是不及物动词词组，因此没有被动语态；而factories和set up之间是被动关系；根据题干上下文可以看出，都应该是现在完成时，所以答案是B。 二、现在完成时态的被动语态误用 1. [误] Many new buildings been built since 1980. [正] Many new buildings have been built since 1980. [析] 现在完成时态的被动语态的结构是have been done；很明显错句中谓语缺少助动词have。 2. [误] Something bad has been happened to him. [正] Something bad has happened to him. [析] 被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。像这样的不及物动词还有：take place, belong to, break out, etc. [正] The door has opened of itself. [析] 有些动词如open, break, drop, sell, wash等既可以用作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作的发出者，我们通常用主动语态。of itself意思是“自动地”，因此，此句不可用被动语态。 4. [误] I have introduced to Mr Smith. [正] I have been introduced to Mr Smith (by Mr Wang). [析] introduce为及物动词，I是introduce的承受者。 文/张学宾 相关链接：教学论文
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