2005年非谓语动词用法透析[下学期] 新人教版
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非谓语动词用法透析
非谓语动词是中学英语学习中的一个难点，又是重点的语法项目。它是构成句子的一个重要组成部分，掌握它的用法，会使你对英语句子的理解和运用上一个台阶。根据笔者多年的教学经验，同学们应从以下几个方面去学习，会让你有种豁然开朗的感觉。
一、不定式
1. 用法：1)主语：To help each other is good. =It is good to help each other.
2)宾语：She wishes to be a doctor.
3)定语：Is this the best way to help him?
4)状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English.
5)表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day.
6)宾补：I saw a little girl run across the street.(为省略to的动词不定式)
2.构成：to do/to be doing/to have done/to have been done/to be done
3.不定式短语："疑问词+不定式" She didn't tell me what to do.
4.不定式的复合结构：It's time for us to have a class. It's kind of you to help me.
二、动名词 构成：doing/having done/having been done/being done
1.用法： 1)主语：Swimming is good for us.
2) 宾语：I love singing.
3) 表语：His hobby is collecting stamps.
4) 定语： There is a swimming pool. /There is a pool for swimming.
2.动名词复合结构：由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+doing 构成, 也可用其宾格或名词+doing (位于句首时只能用前一种)
Do you mind my(Tom's) closing the door? =Do you mind me(Tom) closing the door?
三、分词 现在分词：doing 过去分词：done
1.用法：1)定语： The boy standing under the tree is our monitor.
　　The novel written by Lu Xun is worth reading.
2)状语：She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.
　　Being ill, he went home.
　　He appeared, followed by a little boy.
　　Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
3) 表语：The film is very interesting. (表示主语的性质、特征)(使……)
　　 I'm interested in this story.(表示主语所处的状态)(感到……)
4) 宾补：I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
　　 He was surprised to find the flower-pot broken.
2.区别：现在分词表示主动和正在进行，而过去分词表示被动和已完成。
非谓语动词解题技巧
主语: 不定式和动名词都可以作主语，区别是：不定式强调动作。如：
To teach the students in Class Three
next term is her given task.
而动名词则侧重概念。如：Skating is a good sport.
宾补: 不定式和分词都可以作宾语补足语。区别：
1.不定式表示做过或将要做的动作。如：
I saw him enter the classroom. / I want to buy a pen for my child.
现在分词表示正在进行的动作。如：I heard her singing an English song.
过去分词则表示被动或完成意义。如：He'll have his hair cut.
2.有些动词要求不定式作宾语补足语，不可以用现在分词。如：
He made me say so. (为省略to的动词不定式)
而有些动词要求用现在分词作宾语补足语，不可以用不定式。如：
The teacher kept them reading the text.
状语
不定式和分词都可能作状语，但它们的种类是不同的。
不定式能作目的状语。如： I go to his house every day to help him with his English.
作结果状语。如： He worked hard enough to be praised by his teacher.
作原因状语(这种状语一般在形容词后面作形容词的状语)。如：I am glad to see you.
分词能作时间状语。如：Walking along the street, I met an old friend of mine.
作条件状语。如：Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective.
作方式或伴随状语。如： He came running back to tell me the news. 又如：
Laughing and talking, the students went out of the classroom.
作原因状语(一般前置，作动词或句子的原因状语)。如：
Not knowing his telephone number, we couldn't get in touch with him.
定语
不定式、分词和动名词都可以作定语，区别是：不定式动作意味强，如：
He had only one room to live in.
现在分词表示它所修饰的名词的动作，如： The crying boy is my younger brother.
过去分词表示过去的动作造成的后来的状态，如：This is a broken bowl.
动名词表示用途，如：There are a few sleeping bags in the shop.
表语
不定式、分词和动名词都可以作表语，区别是：不定式和动名词作表语都表示主语的内容，但前者动作意味强，如： His job is to teach the students in Class Two next
term.
而后者概念意味强，如：Her job is raising pigs.
现在分词表示主语的性质和特点，如：The story is exciting.
过去分词表示主语的状态，如：They were interested in the story.
宾语
不定式和动名词都可以作宾语，为了方便记忆，现总结一些技巧和口诀：
只能接动名词作宾语的动词：
建议停止享受--想象完成逃跑(suggest， advise， stop， resist， enjoy， imagine，
finish， escape)
承认借口--推迟实践(admit， excuse， delay， practise)
认为应该保持头脑清醒--懂得避免冒险(consider， keep， mind， understand， avoid， miss， risk)
另外还有几个短语： succeed in， be busy， be worth， be used to， give up， look
forward to
只能接不定式作宾语的动词：offer(提出)， learn(学会)， intend， plan(打算)
demand， ask(要求)， promise (答应)， help (帮忙)， prepare (准备)， decide
determine (决定)， refuse (拒绝)， dare(敢于)， manage(设法)， wish， hope want，
expect(希望，想要)， fail， pretend (假装)， choose(甘愿)
　　同意提出学会的打算，要求答应来帮忙。
　　准备决定遭拒绝，敢于设法有希望。
　　未能做到莫假装，选择破釜沉舟当自强。
　　既能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组：
　　forget, go on, mean, remember, stop, try， regret,巧记，
即"四'记'力争不后悔"。四记指(记得/记住；忘记；计划/打算；继续)；力争指try；不后悔指 "stop
regretting"-stop 与regret。如：
　　1. The doctor tried to cure the woman of her illness, so he tried
treating her with a new medicine.
　　2. The teacher asked us to go on reading the text instead of going
on to do the exercises.
　　3. What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.
But today I forgot to return the money to him again.
　　4. The pupils stopped to write their compositions when the teacher
said angrily, "Stop talking, children."
　　5. I regretted to tell him that he had been dismissed. To my
surprise, he said to me, " I have no regrets, I only regret having
taken the wrong job."
　　6. I can't help thinking he's lying, so I can't help to apologize
for him.
　　7. "Remember to return the bat to me." "But I remember having
returned it to you."
　　

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