2004年从高考听力题谈日常生活常用词[下学期] 新人教版
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从高考听力题谈日常生活常用词
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
听力能力与词汇量成正比。词汇越丰富，听力能力就越强。因此，掌握一定的词汇是非常重要的，尤其是对话中常见的词汇，因为在近三年高考听力中对话在20题中占了16-17题。通常我们在听录音时，未能理解每一个词，这时候就要学会抓关键，抓要点，捕捉主要信息，这样才能了解全句。我们根据所提的问题可以有的放矢地去听，对于判断时间、地点、人数、方位、天气、年龄、金钱、称呼等等这些常用词汇尤其应引起我们重视。从2000 年、2001年和 2002年高考听力题中可以看到有when, who, where, what time等引导的题目占了很大的比率。下面的这些例子是来自这三年的高考听力题：
判断时间的题有
例1 (2000年高考英语听力测试第一节第2段对话)
M：I’m afraid we’ll miss the train. What time is it now？
W：It’s 6:15. There are 10 minutes left. Let’s hurry.
Q：What time does the train leave？
A. At 6:15 B. At 6:25 C. At 6:50
例2 (2001年高考英语听力测试第一节第4段对话)
W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is?
M: Sure, well, it’s three now. The next train to Manchester leaves in two hours. But you can take a train to Leeds, which leaves, in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester because it stops at Manchester on the way.
Q: At what time does the train to Leeds leave? (2001 No.4)
A. 3:00. B. 3:15. C. 5:00
例3 (2002年高考英语听力测试第二节第7段对话)
M: When do you want to leave for that sea-side town, Marsel?
W: I’m not sure yet. But maybe we should leave Friday after work. It’s a long drive but I would rather get there late Friday than mid-day Saturday. We have three days off this time after all.
M: How long is it?
W: 5 or six houses.
M: Say you leave at 4:30 right after work and you’ll be there around 9 or 10.
W: I suppose so, and we could still have a good night’s sleep.
M: What are you going to take?
W: Mostly shirts and T- shirts.
M: You don’t think it’s going to be a bit cold at night at the sea-side.
W: Maybe. I’m going to take a sweater or a light coat just in case.
M: Hope you have a good time there.
Q: When does the woman plan to arrive?
A. Late Friday. B. Midday Saturday. C. Saturday night.
判断地点的题有：
例1(2000年高考英语听力测试第二节第7段对话)
W：Excuse me. How can I get to the station, please？
M：The station，the station，let me see，yes. You can go down...no. Go straight on until you come to a cinema. Let’s see now—that’s the second turning on your right. The cinema’s on the corner. Turn right at the cinema and you’ll be in Bridge Street. I think it’s Bridge Street. Go along Bridge Street for a few minutes and then take the second—no，not the second，the first，that’s right，the first turning on your left. The station is straight ahead，right in front of you.
Q: Where is the woman going?
A. Bridge Street. B. The cinema. C. The station.
Q: Where is the cinema？
A. On the corner of Bridge Street
B. Next to the station.
C. On station Street.
Q: Which turning should the woman take on Bridge Street？
A. The first on the right.
　B. The first on the left.
C. The second on the left.
例2 (2001年高考英语听力测试第一节第1段对话)
M: The music and flowers are lovely.
W: Yes. I hope the food is good, too.
Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place?
A. At a concert. B. At a flower shop C. At a restaurant
例3 (2002年高考英语听力测试第一节第4段对话)
M: Hello, may I speak to Mrs Ornull?
W: Speaking.
M: This is Spical Company. You are one of the lucky housewives chosen to receive our free soap.
W: That’s very nice of you, but I would rather go on using what I’ve always used. Thanks just the same.
Q: Where is the woman?
A. In a soap factory B. In her home. D. At an information desk.
判断方位，天气，号码（电话号码，门牌号，汽车牌号等）的题有：
例1 (2001年高考英语听力测试第二节第5段对话)
M: Sally, here’s a letter for us. It’s from Tom.
W: Can you read it, please? My hands are wet with all this washing.
M: Well, OK.
Dear Sally and John,
Thanks for your letter. … And then we may have dinner together in town. In case you don’t have my phone number, it’s 780-7842. I look forward to meeting you soon. …
Q: What is Tom’s telephone number?
A. 680-68040 B. 780-6842 C.780-7842
例2 (2001年高考英语听力测试第二节第8段对话)
W: Excuse me, but I think you made a wrong turn. You were supposed to turn left on Wilson Boulevard.
M: Oh I’m sorry. Didn’t you say 1323 Wilson?
W: No, 3023. It’s OK, though. You don’t have to take me there. I can walk from here.
Q: What is the woman’s house number?
A. 1323. B. 3023. C. 4023
例3 参看判断时间题中的例3（2002年高考英语听力测试第二节第7段对话）
Q：What is the weather like in the town during the day?
A. Cold. B. Wet. C. Warm.
还有判断亲朋好友、同事和家庭关系等有关的题目：
例1（2002年高考英语听力测试第二节第１０段对话）
M: Mrs Whinfield, thank you very much for allowing me to visit your wonderful garden. It really helps me a lot to write an article on Dorset gardens for our paper. Now I wonder if I could ask you a few questions.
W: Yes, sure.
…
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Tourist and gardener.
B. College professor and biology student.
C. Newspaper reporter and gardener
例2（2001年高考英语听力测试第二节第9段对话）
W: Hello.
M: Hello, Lucy. This is John. Look, could you do me a favour? I’ve tried to phone my wife six times and I can’t get through. The line is busy all the time. Could you possibly go next and give her a message?
W: Sure. What do you want to tell Mary?
…
Q: What is the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Neighbors. B. Father and Daughter. C. Husband and wife.
因此，我们必须熟记那些生活常用词。这些词在对话中出现频率较高，而且又是短文信息的主要载体，他们有助于我们推断出对话内容、对话场景、以及对话者的关系等等。请看下面生活常用词：（1） 旅馆、餐厅常用词：book a bed, go Dutch（各付各的帐）, tip, soup, menu, pay the bill, food, beef, fish, egg, soup, dumpling, soft drink, steak, main dish(主菜)，场waiter, waitress, wine, soft drink, salad, order, fast food shop, reception desk; restaurant, a single room, check in（住宿登记）， check out（结帐离店；退房）;(2) 天气情况常用词：weather report, , wet, warm, cloudy, grey(阴天)， sunny, snowy, dark, rainy, icy, foggy, storm; windy, fine, sunshine, snow, heavy rain, strong wind, cold , cool, hot, spring, summer, autumn/fall, winter; （3）商场、超市常用词：do some shopping, salesman, saleswoman, shopping cart(购物手推车)，price tag（价格标签）， fashion, men’s suit, department store, supermarket, ordinary store, on sale（减价出售）,check-out counter（付帐台）, size, color, T-shirt, shirt, sweater, shoes, trousers, jacket, shop assistant; try on, style（款式）, pattern（图案，花样）; （4）银行、邮局常用词：bank, money, bank officer, personal check, interest(利息)， credit card（信用卡），mail, postage, envelop, stamp, long/short distance call, cash, post office, airmail, package, letter, post; （5）学校、家庭常用词：homework, housewife, housework, exam, test, bed-room, kitchen, waiting-room, mid-term examination, final-examination, marks, teachers and students, desk, classroom, text book, playground; sofa, chair, table, dressing-table, bed, cupboard, furniture; （6）机场、车站等交通常用词：luggage, baggage, airline, airport, passport, check, exchange, railway/train station, train, express train(快车), platform, sleeping car, seat belt, take off, land, boarding card（登机卡）, Gate 1, flight number(班机号码), nonstop flight(直达航班)， arrival time, conductor, ticket office, plane, passenger; car-park, warning light, red light, blue light, road sign, motorway, stop to receive passengers（停站上客）,one-way(单程的), round-trip(双程的);（7）图书馆、阅览室常用词：library, reading-room, renew, book-shelf, novel, story-book, picture-book, ,fine(v.), newspaper, magazine, reference book; （8）办公室常用词：desk, computer, typewriter, copy, make a phone call, arrange an appointment, secretary, office; （9）人与人关系的常用词：father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother, nephew, cousin, niece, children, grandchildren, grandson, uncle, aunt, teacher, student, friend, enemy; husband, wife, neighbor, girlfriend, boyfriend, classmate, workmate, boss;（10）职业常用词：student, teacher, worker, engineer, doctor, nurse, professor, actor, actress, waiter, waitress, player, film-maker, director, tailor, cleaner, writer, singer, dancer, conductor, salesman, saleswoman, sailor;（11）时间常用词：dawn, morning, afternoon, evening, night, midnight, midday, noon, yesterday, the other day, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow, weekend, weekday, second, minute, hour, day, week, year, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December,, spring, summer, autumn, winter 等等。

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