人教版新高三英语Units5—8基础知识学习
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基础知识
SB3A Units5—8
一 . 知识菜单
( 一 ) 常用单词
1. convey brand consideration charge broadcast post react accuse associate figure policy spokesman spokeswoman target nowadays nephew attach quit survival biscuit alcohol goat flour nail bedding beyond ox salty pond burden desperate beast accustomed thirst starvation anxiety shallow tax anniversary granddaughter flu throat relief deliver Arctic tough quilt packet ray bark sculpture retell powder standard conscience frost handwriting overcoat anyway god admit clap partner abundant warmth taxpayer occupy constant welfare clerk composer novelist shadow ambition noble indeed goose selfish choir motivation dictation correction alphabet stick acquire awful instruct data academic comprehension anxious secure adopt pile PLA tyre overweight operation level association postcode
2. advertise/ advertiser/ advertisement
3. loss/ lose/ lost
4. blame vt/ n
5. annoy/ annoying/annoyance
6. appeal/ appeal to
7. frequent/ frequently/ often/ always
8. salesman/saleswoman/salesgirl
9. profit n/ v
10. campaign n/ vi
11. illegal/ legal
12. waiter/waitress/ host/ hostess
13. bridegroom/ bride/groom
14. point out/ point to/ point at
15. discount n. /vt./ adj.
16. circumstance/ surroundings / environment
17. assessment/ assess
18. frontier/ front
19. memory/memorial
20. bacteria(pl.)/ bacterium
21. wage/ salary/ income
22. foolish/ fool/ stupid/ silly
23. firm n./ adj./ adv.
24. translator/ translate/ translation
25. interpreter/ interpret/ interpretation
26. everyday/ every day
27. patience/ patient
28. junior/ senior
29. appropriate/ proper/ fit/ suitable
常用词组
1. take…into consideration
2. in charge (of)/ in the charge of/in control of/ in the control of
3. hand in hand/ arm in arm/ shoulder to shoulder/ side by side
4. get across
5. keep an eye out for sb/ sth
6. make sense (of)
7. apply…to/apply for
8. add up/ add up to/ add to/ add…to
9. lose heart
10. take it easy
11. keep up
12. common sense
13. leave behind
14. lose one’s way
15.come to an end /put an end to
16. tie up
17. go for
18. care for/ care about
19. leave alone/ let alone
20. be in want of/ want
21. badly off
22. close up
23. have an eye on/ for
24. as follows
25. of late/ recently
26. make progress
27. in other words/ in words/ in word
28. take risks/ take a risk
29. experiment with/ on
30. piles of/ piles and piles of
32. knock down/ knock over/ knock off
33. fall behind/catch up with/ keep up with
( 二 )重点语法:1. Review the Object Complement
2. Review the Attribute
3. Review the Adverbial
4. Review the Subjunctive Mood (1)
二. 疑难点拨
1. convey
vt.
1.) 运送,搬运,转运[(+from/to)]
Passengers are conveyed by bus to the air terminal.
用公共汽车载送旅客前往航空站。
2.) 传播(声音等)
A wire conveys an electric current.
电线传导电流。
3.) 传达,传递,表达[(+to)][+(that)]
I found it hard to convey my feelings to you in words.
我觉得难以用言语向你表达我的感情。
4.) 转让(财产等)[(+to)]
The old farmer conveyed his farm to his son.
老农夫将其农场转让给儿子。
2. advertise
vt.
1.) 为...做广告;为...宣传
If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.
如果你要推销自己的产品,你就必须做广告。
2.) 公布;通知
He advertised them of his decision to withdraw from the election.
他告知他们自己要退出选举的决定。
vi.
做(登)广告,作宣传[(+for)]
The company is advertising for typists in the newspapers.
那家公司在报纸上登广告征聘打字员。
3. blame
vt.
1.) 责备,指责[(+on/for)]
He blamed you for the neglect of duty.
他责备你玩忽职守。
I don't blame you; I blame myself.
我不怪你;怪我自己。
2.) 把...归咎(于);归因于[(+on/onto)]
Don’t blame the failure on him, but on me.
别把失败归咎于他，该怪我。
n.[U]
1.） 责备,指责[(+for)]
I am ready to take the blame for the mistake.
我准备承担这一错误的责任。
2.） 责任[(+for)]
The judge put/ laid the blame for the accident on the driver of the car.
法官把事故归咎于小轿车司机。
4. react
vi.
1.) 作出反应,反应[(+to)]
How did she react to the news?
她对这个消息反应如何?
2.) 影响,起作用[(+on/upon)]
The two react upon each other.
这两者互相影响。
3.) 抗拒,反抗[(+against)]
Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。
4.) 起反作用,回过来起作用[(+on/upon)]
Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.
恶人往往有恶报。
5.) 【化】起化学作用;【物】反应[(+with/on)]
How do acids react on metals?
酸对金属会起怎样的化学反应?
An acid can react with a base to form a salt.
酸和碱反应会产生盐。
5. annoy
vt.
1.) 惹恼,使生气;使烦恼[(+by/at/with)]
His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors.
他母亲因为他对邻居如此粗暴无礼而生他的气。
I was annoyed by what those men did.
那些人干的事使我生气。
2.) 打搅,困扰
These flies are annoying me.
这些苍蝇一直在打搅我。
vi.
令人讨厌(或不快)
6. accuse
vt.
1.) 指控,控告[(+of)]
She accused him of stealing her watch.
她控告他偷她的表。
He accused his boss of having broken his word.
他指责老板不守信。
He was accused of murder.
有人指控他谋杀。
2.) 指责,把...归咎(于)
Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes.
人类常把自己的不幸归咎于天。
7. associate
vt.
1.) 联想,把...联想在一起[+with]
They associate turkey with Thanksgiving.
他们把火鸡和感恩节联系在一起。
2.) 使联合,使结合[+with];使有联系 [+with]
I didn't want to be associated with it at all.
我根本不想与这事有牵连。
vi.
结交,交往[+with]
He associates with all sorts of people.
他与各种各样的人交往。
Never associate with bad companions.
千万不要与坏人为伍。
8. get across
传播，使...被理解
I couldn't get my point across in the debate.
在辩论中我无法清楚地表明自己的观点。
He found it difficult to get his idea across to them.
他发现他难以使他们了解他的想法。
9. appeal
vi.
1.) 呼吁,恳求[(+to/for)][+to-v]
He appealed to me for help.
他向我求援。
He appealed to his friends for support.
他请求朋友支持。
The govern is appealing to everyone to save water.
政府呼吁人人节约用水。
2. )诉诸,求助[(+to)]
We will appeal to a great variety of sources of information.
我们将求助于多种资料来源。
3.) 有吸引力,迎合爱好 [(+to)]
The idea appealed to Mary.
这主意正合玛丽的心意。
4.) 【律】上诉[(+to/against)]
He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.
他对被判五年徒刑提出上诉。
vt.
【美】将...上诉,对...上诉
He appealed his case to a higher court.
他向上一级法院申诉。
n.
1. 呼吁,请求[C][U][(+to/for)]
He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him.
他最后一次恳求父亲宽恕他。
2. 吸引力,感染力[U]
These subjects have lost their appeal for most students.
对多数学生来说,这些学科已经失去了吸引力。
10. figure
n.[C]
1.) 外形;体形;人影
I saw a figure in the darkness.
我看到暗处有一个人影。
2.) 体态;风姿
She has an attractive figure.
她有迷人的曲线。
She has a slender figure.
她身材苗条。
3.) 人物;名人
He has become a figure known to everyone.
他已成了一个知名人物。
4.) 数字
Where did you get those figures?
你从哪儿得到那些数字的?
5.) 数量;金额;价格
His work now commands huge figures.
他的作品现在值大价钱。
6.) 图表;图解;插图
Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons.
我们的教科书有许多图表帮助解释课文。
7.) 画像;塑像
vt.
1.) 计算
Please help me to figure out my income tax.
请帮我算一下我的所得税。
2.) 认为,以为;估计 [+(that)];料到
How do you figure that?
你如何料到的?
I figure that you'd want your coffee.
我想你要喝咖啡了。
11. discount
n.[C][U]
折扣;打折扣
We give a special discount of 10 per cent for cash.
如用现金购买,我们给予九折优待。
vt.
1.) 将...打折扣;将商品打去...折扣
That store discounts all its slow-selling goods.
那家商店削价出售所有滞销货。
2.) 不全相信;怀疑地看待
You must discount much of what he says.
他说的好些话,你必须打个折扣听。
vi.
打折扣出售商品
Many stores do not discount at all.
许多商店出售商品一概不打折扣。
12. make sense
有意义;有道理；讲得通
This sentence doesn't make sense.
这句子毫无意义。
It makes sense to take care of your health.
好好照顾自己是有道理的。
13. quit
vt.
1.) 离开;退出
He quitted Paris after a week.
他一周后离开了巴黎。
2.) 放弃[+v-ing]
He has quit smoking.
他已戒了烟。
3.) 解除,免除[(+of)]
She finally quit herself of fear.
她终于消除了恐惧。
4.) 【美】停止[+v-ing]
Quit muttering!
别嘀咕!
vi.
1.) 离开;迁出
If he doesn't pay his rent, he will receive notice to quit.
如果他不付房租,他将被通知搬出去。
2.) 停止
It's almost 5 o'clock; time to quit.
都快五点钟了;该下班了。
14. apply
vt.
1.) 应用;实施[(+to)]
Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial production methods.
科学上的发现常应用在工业生产发法上。
2.) 使起作用;使适用 [(+to)]
This rule can not be applied to every case.
这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。
3.) (后常接oneself)使致力(于),使专心从事[(+to)]
He applied himself to learning French.
他致力于学习法语。
vi.
1.) 申请,请求[(+for/to)]
He has applied for a post in England.
他已申请在英国供职。
2.) 起作用;适用 [(+to)]
This rule applies to freshmen only.
此项规定仅适用于大学一年级学生。
15. burden
n.[C]
重负,重担;负担,沉重的责任
The old man bent with a heavy burden on his back.
老人因背着重负而弯腰。
vt.
1.) 加重压于,加负担于,烦扰[(+with)]
The government burdened the nation with heavy taxes.
政府使国民负担重税。
2.) 加负荷于,使载重[(+with)]
He was burdened with a large bundle of magazines.
他吃力地捧着一大捆杂志。
16. desperate
adj.
1.) 情急拼命的,铤而走险的
A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
一个亡命之徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。
2.) 危急的;绝望的
He was desperate when he lost all his money.
当他丢了所有的钱时,他绝望了。
3.) 极度渴望的[F][(+for)][+to-v]
He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.
他渴望有个工作,挣钱供养子女众多的家。
17. deliver
vt.
1.) 投递;传送;运送[(+to)]
He delivered the goods to our office in Manchester.
他把货物送到我们在曼彻斯特的办事处。
The mailman delivered the letters promptly.
那个邮差准时地投递信件。
2.) 发表;讲;宣布
He delivered an important report at the meeting.
他在会上作了重要报告。
3.) 给...接生;生(婴儿)
She delivered twins in the evening.
晚上她生了一对双胞胎。
4.) 解救;解脱;释放[(+from)]
Education delivered him from ignorance.
教育把他从无知中解救出来。
vi.
1.) 投递;送货;传送
That big store will deliver if you want them to.
那家大商店可以按你的要求送货上门。
2.) 履行,实现[(+on)]
I am certain that he will deliver on his promise.
我确信他会履行诺言。
18. care for
1.) 喜欢like，一般用于疑问句和否定句
Would you care for a drink?
你想来点喝的吗?
I don’t care for Paris.
我不喜欢巴黎。
2.) 照料 look after
Who will care for the house while the family is away?
全家人都不在时,由谁照料这间房子呢?
3.) 计较,在意
He doesn't care for what he eats.
他对吃的东西并不计较。
care about
1) 喜欢
Do you care about/ for mountain-climbing?
你喜欢爬山吗？
2）在乎，介意，关心，To care about something is to think it is important. 常用于否定句，如果跟从句，about一般省略。
I don’t care about your opinion
你的意见我不在乎。
I don’t care who you are.
我不管你是睡。
He doesn’t care much about what happens to me.
他不太关心我所发生的事。
19. anyway
adv.
1.) 【口】无论如何,不管怎样,至少,反正
That wasn't my fault, anyway.
反正那不是我的过错。
It may rain, but we shall go anyway.
也许会下雨,可我们无论如何要去。
2.) 不论以何种方式,不论从何种角度
You can do the job anyway you want.
这工作你想怎么干都行。
3.) 随便地,草率地
He dumped the tools in the box just anyway.
他把工具随随便便往箱子里一扔。
20. admit
vt.
1.) 承认[+v-ing][+(that)]
We have to admit that he's a highly competent man.
我们必须承认他是个非常能干的人。
I admitted breaking the window.
我承认打破了窗子。
You must admit the task to be difficult.
你得承认这个任务是艰巨的。
2.) 准许进入;准许...进入(或加入)[(+into/to)]
No one but ticket-holders was admitted to the cinema.
只有持票者方可进入电影院。
3.) 容许;可容纳
The theater admits 1000 people.
这剧院可容纳一千人。
vi.
1.) 承认[(+to)]
I must admit to feeling ashamed of my conduct.
我得承认因自己的行为而感到羞惭。
2.) 容许,有余地[(+of)]
This matter admits of no delay.
这事不容耽搁。
21. occupy
vt.
1.) 占领,占据
The enemy soon occupied the town.
敌人很快占领了这个城镇。
2.) 占(时间,空间);占用;住
Reading occupies most of my free time.
阅读占去了我空闲时间的大部分。
The bathroom is occupied.
浴室有人在用。
3.) (常与oneself连用或作被动式)使忙碌,使从事[(+in/with)]
This game will keep the children occupied.
这个游戏让孩子有得忙了。
She is occupied in writing a novel.
她忙于写小说。
He occupied himself with various research projects.
他终日从事各种研究计划。
22. stick
n.
1.) 枝条;柴枝[C]
2.) 棍,棒,杖;手杖[C]
Grandpa still walks without a stick.
爷爷走路仍不拄拐杖。
vt.
1.) 刺;戮;刺死
stick a pig 宰猪
2.) 钉住;插牢
stick a butterfly钉制蝴蝶标本
3.) 粘贴;张贴
They stuck the notice on the wall.
他们把通知贴在墙上。
4.) 伸,伸出
Don't stick your head out of the train window.
不要把头伸出火车窗外面。
5.) 使停止;阻塞
The ship has been stuck here for a week by bad weather.
由于天气恶劣，船只被阻在此已经一周。
vi.
1.) 粘住;钉住
This stamp won't stick.
这张邮票贴不上。
2.) 陷住;梗塞;被困住
A fish-bone stuck in his throat.
他喉咙里卡了一根鱼刺。
23. instruct
vt.
1.) 指示,命令,吩咐
He instructed me to deliver it to a customer.
他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。
2.) 教授;训练;指导[(+in)]
My job is to instruct her in English.
我的工作是教她英语。
3.) 通知,告知
My agent has instructed me that you still owe me $150.
我的代理人告诉我你还欠我一百五十美元。
24. anxious
adj.
1.) 焦虑的,挂念的[(+about/at/for)]
I'm anxious about her safety.
我对她的安全担心。
He was anxious for the safety of his family.
他担心家人的安全。
2.) 令人焦虑的
The week of the flood was an anxious time for all of us.
闹水灾的那一星期是使我们大家都焦虑不安的日子。
3.) 渴望的 [(+for)][+to-v][+that]
We're anxious for your safe return.
我们盼望你平安归来。
We were anxious that there be no misunderstanding.
我们极愿没有误解。
I could see that she was anxious for Laura to go.
我看得出她巴望劳拉去。
I'm really anxious to see him.
我急于见他。
25. secure
adj.
1.) 安全的,无危险的[(+from/against)]
Now my house is secure against burglary.
现在我的房子无被盗窃之危险。
2.) 安心的,无忧虑的
You have made me feel secure.
你使我觉得放心。
3.) 有把握的,确定无疑的
Our success is secure.
我们的成功是有把握的。
26. adopt
vt.
1.) 采取;采纳;吸收
After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion.
总经理再三考虑之后,决定采纳她的建议。
2.) 过继,收养[(+as)]
Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son.
克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。
3.) 正式通过,接受
The agenda was adopted after some discussion.
经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。
27. level
n.
1.) 水平线;水平面[C]
The village is 1,000 meters above sea level.
这村子海拔一千米。
2.) 高,高度[C][U]
The flood rose to a level of 50 feet.
洪水涨到五十英尺高。
3.) (文化等的)水平,程度,标准[C][U]
These students have not reached an advanced level yet.
这些学生尚未达到高级班的程度。
4.) 级别;地位[C]
They are holding a conference at ministerial level.
他们正在举行部长级会议。
28. association
n.
1.) 协会,公会,社团[C]
Have you joined the teachers' association?
你加入教师协会了吗?
2.) 联合,结合;交往[U][(+with)]
I benefited much from my association with him.
我跟他的交往中获益匪浅。
3.) 联想,联想物[C][U]
What association do you have with the color green?
绿色会使你产生什么联想?

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