高二Unit 20 Lesson 78
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Lesson 78 Disabilities (1)


Teaching aims:
1. Learn and master the following:
disease, lecture, musician, professor,
best-seller, hearing, nervous, sense, tongue
prevent … from …, as though, in need of,
2. Train and improve the students’ reading ability.
3. Let the students know we must have a strong will from the successes of the disabled people such as Hawking and Beethoven.
Teaching focuses & special difficulties:
1. The usage of some useful expressions like “prevent … from … ”, “as though,” “in need of”.
2. The sentence pattern:
Not only does / do / did …, but also … .
3. How to let the students understand the following sentences better and use them freely.
(1) Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds.
(2) Not only do disabled people read, write, draw pictures, paint and cook, but they also study, go to university, take exams and have jobs.
Teaching Methods:
1. Discussion to help the students know something about the disabled.
2. Listening to find out the general information.
3. Question-and-answer activity to help the students go through with the whole passage.
4. Pair work or individual work to make every student participate in class.
Teaching Aids:
1. A computer.
2. A projector.
3. A tap-recorder.
4. The blackboard.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1.Greetings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual.
T: Yesterday we learned a dialogue between Sun Yao and a tourist. Who’d like to act out the dialogue before class?
S1 and S2:…
(All the others listen carefully and watch the performance given by them. After that, the teacher says the following.)
T: Well done. Let’s clap for them. Do you think the tourist in the dialogue may enjoy himself in the Summer Palace?
Ss: Yes. But he may meet with many difficulties.
T: Right. No matter what difficulties he may meet with, we all hope he can enjoy himself.
Step 2. Lead-in and Discussion
T: Yeah. We know people with disabilities may have lots of difficulties in their lives, but many of them are determined. They can overcome any difficulty. In the history, there are many examples of successful people with disabilities. Look at the following pictures and try to find out who these disabled people are / were and what they have / had done. You can speak in Chinese if necessary.
Ss: Gao Shiqi, Wu Yunduo, Zhang Haidi, Helen Keller, Roosevelt, Van Gogh, Edison, Beethoven, Hawking and so on.
More information about these disabled people:
1. Gao Shiqi — the famous writer on popular science. Gao got disabled in one of the medical experiments in 1928. Later on, he spent all his time writing books and works on popular science. His books have had great effect on young generations. He’s made great contributions to developing scientific knowledge in China.
著名科普作家高士其 1928年在医学试验中因病毒侵入身体致残。后毕生致力于科普创作，为我国科学事业作出突出贡献。
2. Wu Yunduo — China’s Baul. Wu got disabled as the result of the wound received during the war. He overcame all his physical obstacles and achieved great success. He wrote a book entitled “Devoted to the Great Party”, which has been well received by generation after generation.
中国“保尔”吴运铎战争年代负伤致残，一本《把一切献给党》影响了几代人。
3. Zhang Haidi — a good example to the youth of today. Zhang became disabled at the age of 5 because of a serious illness. As she was young, she was determined to turn herself into a useful human being. In spite of all physical sufferings, she kept on learning in bed by herself. By now she has translated and written lots of works. She has been honoured in a number of ways and invited to give talks in many colleges and universities. Since 1983, the central government of China has been calling on us to learn from her.
青年楷模—张海迪，5岁时因病高位截瘫。致残后在病床上艰苦自学，翻译和创作了多部作品，获多项荣誉称号。1983年，中共中央发出向张海迪学习的通知。
T: Yes. We often see some people with disabilities around us, too. Now please work in groups of four and have a discussion about these questions. You are given three minutes. Let’s begin.
(Show the following questions on the screen.)
1. How many different types of disability can you think of?
2. What problems may disabled people have?
T: Which group would like to give your answers?
S: Generally speaking, there are two kinds of disability. One is physical disability; the other is mental disability. Some people are blind in the eyes; some are lame in the legs; some have lost their hearing; some may have difficulty in moving; some can’t speak. Still others have a disease of the brain and can’t think normally as common people do, who must be carefully looked after by other people.
T: Very good. But I’d like to add another disability — psychological disability, which is the most dangerous. Now, I’d like to check how you preview the text by doing Ex. 2 on Page 109.
Suggested answers: 1 – 5 D C C A B
Today we are going to learn a passage — Disabilities (1).Before we learn the text, let’s do some vocabulary work.
Vocabulary work (1)
Which word is explained?
1. best-seller – a new book that has sold a great number of copies
2. hearing – the ability to hear sounds
3. nervous – worried and anxious
4. sense – one of the five natural abilities of sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste
5. tongue – the soft thing inside your mouth that you move and use for tasting and speaking
Vocabulary work (2)
Explain each word in simple and easy English:
1. disease –
2. lecture –
3. musician –
4. professor –
Suggested explanations:
1. disease – an illness not caused by an accident but by an infection or by a failure of health
2. lecture – a formal talk given to a group of people in order to teach them about a subject
3. musician – someone who plays a musical instrument, often as a job
4. professor – the highest rank of teacher in a British university, or a teacher in an American university or college
Step 3. Reading
T: OK. Now I’ll play the tape for you to listen to. Please listen carefully and find the answer to this question:
How many famous disabled people are mentioned in the text and who are they?
(After listening, teacher begins to check the answer to that question.)
T: Who’d like to answer that question? Any volunteers?
S: Two famous disabled people are mentioned in the text and they are Stephen Hawking and Beethoven.
T: Quite right. Sit down, please. Now open your books. Turn to Page 44. I’ll give you four minutes to read the passage carefully. Then try to answer some detailed questions.
(Teacher shows a questionnaire on the screen and allows the students to discuss the answers in pairs.)
A Questionnaire
1. What is the professor talking about in a lecture hall?
2. Why does his voice sound a bit strange?
3. What disease does he have?
4. What does he have to use when he speaks?
5. Who is the professor?
6. What is he famous for?
7. What do you know about Beethoven?
8. Do you think many disabled people can enjoy their lives as much as we do?
Suggested answers:
1. The professor is talking about the beginning of space, matter and time in a lecture hall.
2. Because the professor has a disease which prevents him from speaking.
3. He has a disease which prevents him from speaking.
4. When he speaks, he has to use a computer and a voice box.
5. He is Professor Stephen Hawking.
6. He is one of the top three physics experts in his particular field. He was famous for his book “A Brief History of Time”.
7. Beethoven lived from 1770~1827. He lost his hearing, but he continued to write great music. He left us lots of famous music.
8. Yes, they can.
(Check the answers with the whole class.)
T: Your comprehension is correct. Now let’s deal with some phrases and sentence patterns in this passage.
(Show the following on the screen.)
Phrases:
1. prevent sb. (from) doing sth. =stop sb.(from) doing sth. = keep sb. from doing sth. e.g.
The heavy rain yesterday prevented us going there.
The fire was prevented from spreading.
2. achieve success in … = succeed in … e.g.
The young scientist has achieved success in his research.
The Red Army men achieved success in climbing over the mountain.
3. continue (with) sth.= go on with sth. e.g.
Although we were tired of him, he still continued with his explanation.
It was late in the night.
The teacher continued with his work in the office.
T: Attention, please. If the phrase “prevent sb.(from) doing sth.” is used in the passive voice, “from” can’t be omitted. That is to say, the structure should be “sb. be prevented from doing sth.” Are you clear?
Ss: Yes.
T: Now let’s look at the sentence patterns on the screen.
Sentence Patterns:
1. A) Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds.
= He not only has to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds.
B) Not only do disabled people read, write, draw pictures, paint and cook, but they also study, go to university, take exams and have jobs.
= Disabled people not only read, write, draw pictures, paint and cook, but they also study, go to university, take exams and have jobs. e.g.
Not only does he play football, but he also climbs mountains.
Not only did he say so, but he (also) did so.
2. He had to find ways that would make it possible for him to speak, read and write, even though he could later only move the fingers of one hand. e.g.
The noise made it impossible for them to sleep.
I found it possible for us to improve the working conditions.
T: Pay more attention to the first sentence pattern. When a sentence begins with the phrase “not only”, the subject and verb must be inverted. That is to say, Not only + auxiliary verb + subject + verb …, but also + subject + verb + object. (Write it on the Bb.) In the second sentence pattern, “it” is a formal object. The real object is “for him to speak … ”. That is to say, the structure is “subject + make + it + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.”. Are you clear?
Ss: Yes.
Step 4. Listening and Reading aloud
T: Now listen to the tape. Listen and repeat in a low voice. You should pay attention to sentence stress in the longer sentences. After that you should read it aloud.
(The teacher plays the tape and Ss read after it.)
T: Now stop here. Let’s do an exercise on the screen.
Fill in the blanks with the proper words in their right forms.
Professor Stephen Hawking, _____ is a famous physics expert, is _____ a talk about the beginning of space, matter _____ time in a lecture hall of a university. His voice _____ slightly strange. That is _____ this professor has a disease which _____ him from speaking, so _____ he speaks he has to use a computer and a voice box. When he answers questions, it _____ about two minutes._____ _____ does he have to type out the answer on a computer,_____ he also gets the computer to _____ it into sounds.
Suggested answers:
who, giving, and, sounds, because, prevents, when, takes, not only, but, translate
Step 5. Vocabulary
(Deal with Part 3.)
T: As we all know, there are many different parts of the body and each part has its function. Now fill in the words on this table in Part 3. First write the correct words in the first two columns for the different parts of the body, using words from Section 1. And then look at the words in Section 2. Decide which words take objects and which words don’t take objects but take predicatives. At last write them in the correct column. Let’s begin.
(Teacher first asks the students to do it by themselves and then shows the answers on the screen.)
Part of the body Sense Verb + obj.宾. Verb – pre. 表.
ear hearing hear sound
finger touch touch feel
nose smell smell smell
tongue taste taste taste
eye sight see look
T: OK. Let’s complete Task 3. Complete these sentences using words from the table on the screen. Before we do it, I’ll explain the use of two phrases. Look at the screen.
1. as thought = as if e.g.
He speaks English as though he were an Englishman.
2. in need of e.g.
The house is in need of repair.
We are not in need of money.
T: OK. Do it by yourself first. You may check your answers in pairs when you have finished. At last I’ll check the answers with you.
Suggested answers:
1.hearing 2.smells 3.touched 4.taste 5.looks 6.sound 7.smell 8.(eye)sight 9.feels 10.taste
Step 6. Discussion:
1. What attitude should we have towards disabled persons?
2. What would you like to do to help people with disabilities?
3. What have you learned from this present text?
Step 7. Summary and Homework
T: Today we have learned the passage —Disabilities. From the successes of the disabled people — Professor Hawking and Beethoven, we learn something important. That is, there is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. When you meet with difficulty in your life, in your study, please don’t lose heart. We can succeed if we work hard like these famous disabled people. And we also learn some phrases and two sentence patterns. After class you should work hard and master them.

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