常用的虚拟语气句式 |
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1.It is time (that)… 句型 It is (high) time that + S + V(虚拟语气)… 例:It is high tome that you children went to bed. (你们小孩子们应该是早已上床在睡的时候了。) 注意:在说话时按正常作息时间小孩子们应已在床睡觉,可是事实上这些小孩在说话时还没睡,这正与事实相反,所以“that…”的动词应使用表达与现在事实相反的虚拟语气过去时。又句式中的“high”是用于加强语气。 2、“wish(that)从句…” 句型 S + wish +(that) + S + V(虚拟语气动词)… 例:I wish (that) I were a frog.(但愿我是一只青蛙。) 例:I wish (that) I could swim like a frog.(但愿我能游得像一只青蛙。) 注意 如例所示,“wish”的宾语“that…”的动词要使用虚拟语气的动词形式来表达,其一致的规则如下: 1、S + wish … S + did (与现在事实相反). 2.S + wish … S + had + p.p.(与过去事实相反)… 3.S + wished … S + had + p.p.(与更以前的事实相反) 例:I wish I were as tall as that big tree.(但愿我如那棵大树一样地高。) 例:I wish I had told her the truth yesterday. (我真希望我昨天向她说了真话。——事实是没有说,而我现在觉得很后悔。) 例:At that time I wished I were a doctor. (当时我真希望我是一个医师。——事实是我并不是医师。) 例:He wished he had learned Chinese before he came to China. (他希望他来中国之前先学了中文就好了。——事实是他来中国之前并未先学好中文。) 3.“look, talk, … as if (though)…” 例:He looks as if he were very ill. (他看起来好像病得很重的样子。——事实并没有病,与现在事实相反。) 例:He looks as if he had been ill for a long time. (他看起来好像病了很久的样子。——事实并没有,与现在以前的事实相反。) 例:At that time she acted as if I were her servant. (当时她的举止好像我是她的仆人。——事实是我并非她的仆人,与当时事实相反。) 例:She talked as though she had seen a ghost. (她当时讲话好像是见了鬼似地。——事实是世上并没有鬼存在,与当时以前的事实相反。) 注意: 本句式的“as if (though)…”是“好像……”的意思,其所指的事物若是与事实相反,当然就用虚拟语气的动词来表达(如各例句所示),但若所指的是不确定的事物,则可用陈述语气的动词来表达。 例:She looks as if she is very ill.Better send for a doctor. (看起来她病得相当严重,最好还是去请医师来。——如脸色苍白,全身无力等) 例:It looks as though it is going to rain. (看这天色好象要下雨了。——如天空已乌云密布,气温在急速下降等) 4.insist (that)… 句型 S + insisted that + S + (should) V… 例:They insisted that she go by train.(他们力劝她搭火车去。) 注意: 本句式所示的虚拟语气在文法上称为“Subjunctive Present(虚拟语气现在时)”,用于表达如“强制、必须、命令、义务”等。在美式英语,句式中的“should”常省略而只用原形动词。 本句式常用的动词除“insist”以外尚有“advice(劝告),ask(请求),command(命令),demand(要求),move(提出动议),order(命令),request(要求),suggest(建议),etc.” 相关链接:教学论文
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