| 2005全国各省市高考阅读理解猜测词义题
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1．[全国I. B] MONTREAL (Reuters) – Crossing the US-Canada border（边界）to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen ＄10,000 for breaking Washington’s strict new security（安全）rules. The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they shop, eat and go to church. There are many such situations in these areas along the largely unguarded 5,530-mile border between Canada and the US-which in some cases actually runs down the middle of streets or through buildings. As a result, Albert says he did not expect any problems three weeks ago when he returned home to the US after attending church in Canada, as usual. The US customs（海关）station in this area is closed on Sundays, so be just drove around the locked gate, as he had done every weekend since the gate appeared last May, following a tightening of border security. Two days later. Albert was told to go to the customs office, where an officer told him be had been caught on carnera crossing the border illegally（非法）. Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed, but the US stopped a similar program last May. That forces the people to a 200-mile detour along hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint. Albert has requested that the customs office change their decisions on the fine, but he has not attended a Sunday church since. “I feel like I’m living in a prison,” he said. 59．We learn from the text that Richard Albert is . A．an American living in Township 15 B．a Canadian living in a Quebec village C．a Canadian working in a customs station D．an American working in a Canadian church 60．Albert was fined because he . A．failed to obey traffic rules B．broke the American security rules C．worked in St. Pamphile without a pass D．damaged the gate of the customs office 61．The underlined word “detour” in paragraph 5 means . A．a drive through the town B．a race across the fields C．a roundabout way of travelling D．a journey in the mountain area 62．What would be the best title for the text? A．A Cross-country Trip B．A Special Border Pass C．An Unguarded Border D．An Expensive Church Visit The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society －a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun. “My grandmothers didn’t do anything but keep house and serve everybody. They were programmed to do that,” said Emils Comette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society. While men have long spent their time fishing and playing golf, women have sometimes seemed to become unnoticed as they age. But the generation now turning 50 is the baby boomers(生育高峰期出生的人), and the same people who refused their parents’ way of being young are now trying a new way of growing old. If you take into consideration feminism(女权主义), a bit of spare money, and better health for most elderly, the Red Hat Society looks almost inevitable(必然的). In this society, women over 50 wear red hats and purple(紫色的) clothes, while the women under 50 wear pink hats and light purple clothing. “The organization took the idea from a poem by Jenny Joseph that begins: “When I am an old woman, I shall wear purple. With a red hat which doesn’t go,” said Ellen Cooper, who founded the Red Hat Society in 1998. When the ladies started to wear the red hats, they attracted lots of attention. “The point of this is that we need a rest from always doing something for someone else,” Cooper said. “Women feel so ashamed and sorry when they do something for themselves.” This is why chapters are discouraged from raising money or doing anything useful. “We’re a ladies’ play group. It couldn’t be more simple,” added Cooper’s assistant Joe Heywood. 44．The underlined word “chapter” in paragraph 2 means __________. A．one branch of an organization B．a written agreement of a club C．one part of a collection of poems D．a period in a society’s history 45．From the text , we know that the “baby boomers” are a group of people who A．have gradually become more noticeable B．are worried about getting old too quickly C．are enjoying a good life with plenty of money to spend D．tried living a different life from their parents when they were young 46．It could be inferred from the text that members of the Red Hat Society are . A．interested in raising money for social work B．programmers who can plan well for their future C．believers in equality between men and women D．good at cooking big meals and taking care of others 47．Who set up the Red Hat Society ? A．Emily Cornette . B．Ellen Cooper . C．Jenny Joseph . D．Joe Heywood . 48．Women join the Red Hat Society because . A．they want to stay young B．they would like to appear more attractive C．they would like to have fun and live for themselves D．they want to be more like their parents 3. [山东 A.] Last August, Joe and Mary Mahoney began looking at colleges for their 17-year-old daughter, Maureen. With a checklist of criteria in hand, the Dallas family looked around the country visiting half a dozen schools. They sought a university that offered the teenager’s intended major, one located near a large city, and a campus where their daughter would be safe. “The safety issue is a big one,” says Joe Mahoney, who quickly discovered he wasn’t alone in his worries. On campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns, and the same question was always asked: what about crime? But when college officials always gave the same answer — “That’s not a problem here.” — Mahoney began to feel uneasy. “No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today. “I just don’t buy it.” Nor should he: in 1999 the U.S. Department of Education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. “Parents need to understand that times have changed since they went to colleges,” says David Nichols, author of Creating a Safe Campus. “Campus crime mirrors the rest of the nation.” To help concerned parents, Carter promised to visit campuses and talk to experts around the country to find out major crime issues and effective solutions. 56. The Mahoneys visited quite a few colleges last August ______. A. to express the opinions of many parents B. to choose a right one for their daughter C. to check the cost of college education D. to find a right one near a large city 57. It is often difficult to get correct information on campus crime because some colleges ______. A. receive too many visitors B. mirror the rest of the nation C. hide the truth of campus crime D. have too many watchdog groups 58. The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means ______. A. mind B. admit C. believe D. expect 59. We learn from the text that “the honest ones” in the fourth paragraph most probably refers to colleges ______. A. that are protected by campus security B. that report campus crimes by law C. that are free from campus crime D. the enjoy very good publicity 60. What is the text mainly about? A. Exact campus crime statistics. B. Crimes on or around campuses. C. Effective solutions to campus crime. D. concerns about kids’ campus safety. 4. [安徽 A.] More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure (压力) from work, almost all said they worry more than they do at home. Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care. The most common worry is burglary ( 入室盗窃) , with four out of 10 worrying about their homes being broken into while they’re abroad. More than a quarter fear they will feel crazy with some other noisy and rough holiday-makers and 22 percent worry they may be attacked or their possessions will be missing. One in five think the car may break down; and the same number worry about the chances of bad weather. The survey also showed that the stay-at-home Americans are no more. Three out of every five want to have a holiday abroad, a great increase from the figures only three years ago. The hotel holiday is still a winner, with about one third of all Americana preferring to go on a self-catering ( 自助 ) holiday. 56. The underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means ______. A. research B. review C. exhibition D. examination 57. According to the text, about ______ of people worry more on holiday than when they are at home. A. 25% B. 40% C. 80% D. 95% 58. The third most common worry of American holiday-makers is that they may ______. A. be attacked or lose their possessions B. have problems with their cars on the road C. have bad weather on holiday D. get mixed with some rough fellow holiday-makers 59. Where do American holiday-makers like to stay most? A. At a hotel. B. In a quiet place. C. At a friend's house. D. Where they can cook for themselves. 5. [湖北D] Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert , seeking a million in prize money . To win , they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours . Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all , because these vehicles were missinge a key part drivers . DARPA , the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency , organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields . But the Grand Challenge , as it was called , just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance . One had its brake lock up in the starting area . Another began by throwing itself onto a wall . Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles . One turned upside down . One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by remote (远距离的) control . One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence ; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock . The “winner,” if there was any , reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long , narrow hole , and the front wheels caught on fire . “You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things,” says Reinhold Behringer , who helped design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Autonics . “Even ants (蚂蚁) can do all these tasks effortlessly . It’s very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines .” The robotic vehicles , though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and GPS guidance , had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human recognizes immediately , Sure , that very young child, who has just only learned to walk , may not think to wipe apple juice off her face , but she already knows that when there’s a cookie in the kitchen she has to climb up the table , and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good . She is more advanced , even months old , than any machine humans have designed . 67．Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because . A．they did not have any human guidance B．the road was not familiar to the drivers C．the distance was too long for the vehicles D．the prize money was unattractive to the drivers 68．DARPA organized the race in order to . A．raise money for producing more robotic vehicles B．push the development of vehicle industry C．train more people to drive in the desert D．improve the vehicles for future wars 69．From the passage we know “robotic vehicles” are a kind of machines that . A．can do effortlessly whatever tasks living thing can B．can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limit C．can show off their ability to turn themselves upside down D．can move from place to place without being driven by human beings 70．In the race , the greatest distance one robotic vehicle covered was . A．about eight miles B．six miles C．almost two miles D．about one mile 71．In the last paragraph , the writer implies that there is a long way to go . A．for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142-mile race without any difficulties B．for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the table C．for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solve D．for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face 6. [湖南.B] Collections were the inspiration(灵感) for a project at Thomas Tallis School, which formed part of the Imagine Children's Literature Festival last autumn. Each child (aged 12-13) beatified a box and wrote a story on the subject of collections to throw inside it. The boxes were spread within the Royal Festival Hall's Ballroom. Some were left empty to encourage visitors to write their own stories. The subject chosen by Luren was an imaginative one. "It's a sort of Cinderella (灰姑娘) story," she told me, inspired by a collection of letters from her cousin, In the story these become love letters, burned by a cruel stepmother. Lauren's best friend Charlotte is the stepmother. "I'm in Charlotte's story too," says Lauren, "and I get run over." Charlotte's tale was inspired by the girls' coin collection. "We've collected foreign coins for years – since our families went on holiday to Tenerife." she explains. "That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in." Lauren continues: "I find a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over. I'm in hospital and then I die." Charlotte adds: "Or she might not die. I haven't decided yet." Millie Murray, who is a teen-novel author, thinks that setting the subject of collections was a useful inspiration to their creativity rather than a restriction(限制). "In the beginning I thought, 'Will the children be able to do it?'" she says. "But it's been fruitful. Some have their own collection, some have parents who do, and some have written complete stories. It's made them think about something they wouldn't have otherwise, which can only be a good thing." 59. What were the children asked to do in the project? A. To meet friends at Thomas Tallis School B. To write stories on the subject of collections. C. To encourage visitors to write their own stories. D. To have their friends for characters in the stories. 60. The underlined word "pesetas" in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____. A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin 61. From the stories by Lauren and Charlotte, we know that _____ . A. Charlotte hurt herself when getting a coin B. both of them developed their imagination C. both of them will die in each other's stories D. Latwen's cousin posted her some love letters 62. Millie Murray thinks ________. A. collections could inspire writing creativity B. it was good for parents to have collections C. inspirations were very useful in writing stories D. setting collection subjects restricted inspirations 7. [江西 D] The tea gardens in Sri Lanka are actually large estates(种植园). The best tea usually comes from plants grown on high grounds, the cool hilltops with rows and rows of tea plants. The plants are about one metre apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimetres high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got. Practically all the tea pickers are women. The estates prefer to employ women pickers because they are more careful. Their thin fingers can easily remove the twin leaves and new shoots from the plant, which are the parts used for processing(加工) tea. The pickers carry large baskets into which they throw their pickings. A skilled worker can harvest between 9 to 14 kilogrammes of tea leaves a day. Usually new shoots can be picked from the plants about every ten or fifteen days. Processing tea shoots into the familiar dry tea leaves requires great care and skill .There are various methods of processing depending on the type of tea required .For black tea ,the young green leaves are first spread out o shelves to dry. This process removes much of its water and the leaves become soft. After this ,the leaves are passed through heavy rollers .This operation will press the leaves for juices which give the tea both its colour and taste .Then the leaves are spread out on floors and left to ferment （发酵）under wet conditions. Fermentation develops the rich taste of black tea .The fermented leaves are then dried with a hot-air blower until they become rolled-up black leaves .The final step is to sort and grade them before the black tea is ready for sale to countries all over the world. 68．In the first paragraph ,the word “pruning” means . A．regular cutting of the plants B．frequent watering C．regular use of chemicals D．growing the plants high in the mountain 69．One of the reasons why women are employed to do the picking is that . A．they work harder than men do in the picking B．they can throw their pickings more easily into the baskets C．their fingers fit them better for the job. D．they can more easily find the twin leaves. 70．How many processing steps are mentioned in the last paragraph? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 71．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To introduce various methods of tea processing. B．To persuade readers to buy tea from Sri Lanka. C．To tell a story that had happened in the tea gardens. D．To inform readers of tea growing ,picking and processing. 8. [江苏。C] The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by locals. During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands. Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture. Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs. On their knees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance. The local and visiting Italian dogs are anxious to run after hares. The crowd is on its feet for the camel races. Camels and riders run far into the distance, and then return to the finish Line in front of the cheering people. Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely exciting horserace. All the riders run very fast on horseback. Some riders hang off the side of their saddles. Some even ride upside down -- their legs and feet straight up in the air -- all at full speed. Others rush down the course together, men arm in arm, on different horses. On and on they went. SO fast and so wonderful! 64. The Sahara Festival is a festival which________. A. has a very long history in North Africa B. is held in the same place on the same day C. is attended mainly by the people in the Sahara D. is celebrated mostly by travelers from different countries 6 5. Before the races begin, ________ take part in the activities during the opening ceremonies. A. musicians, dancers, horses and hares B. camel riders, musicians, dogs and hares C. horseme.n, dancers, camels and dogs D. musicians, offi~:ials, camels and horses 56. The underlined word "finale" in the fourth paragraph most probably means the ________of the opening day. A. f'irst part B. middle C. last part D. whole 67. This passage mainly tells readers_______. A. what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival B. how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival C. what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival D. how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival 9. [浙江B] Special Bridges Help Animals Cross the Road ----- Reported by Sheila Carrick Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side. Most people know this joke. But recently, some people have been much more concerned with how the grizzly bear and mountain lion can cross the road. Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill. "Ecopassages" may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars. They are paths both over and under roads. "These ecopassages can be extremely useful, so that wildlife can avoid human conflicts," said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Conservation Society. But do animals actually use the ecopassages? The answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an ecopassage that went under a highway. This showed that the lion used the passage. Builders of some ecopassages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses. The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife, look around. You might see an animal overpass! 45. The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_________. A．wild animals have become more dangerous B．the driving conditions have improved greatly C．the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D．an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents 46. From the news story, we know an ecopassage is_________. A．an underground path for cars B．a fence built for the safety of the area C．a bridge for animals to get over a river D．a pass for animals to cross the road 47. When the writer says that animals seem “to be catching on”, he means_________. A．animals begin to realize the dangers on the road B．animals begin to learn to use ecopassages C．animals are crossing the road in groups D．animals are increasing in number 48. The writer asks visitors and drivers to look around when traveling because_________. A．wild animals may attack cars B．wild animals may jam the road C．they may see wild animals in the park D．they may see wild animals on ecopassages 10. [福建C] Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy ,warm ,damp and thick .But if you had been around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age ,would it have been the same ?For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted（反应）to the cold ,dry climates of the ice ages ,but until now ,no one has reached a satisfying answer. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming . Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year; equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate change? If it gets drier ,will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2 ?Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past. Unfortunately ,getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult .To study past climate ,scientists need to look at fossilized pollen ,kept in lake muds .Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake sediments （沉淀物）,which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery .There are very few roads and paths ,or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes .Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest ,but this still leaves vast ares between the rivers completely unsampled（未取样）.So far ,only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change. 64．The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means . A．cleaning up B．taking in C．wiping out D．giving out 65．How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change? A．It’ll get drier and continue to remove CO2 . B．It’ll remain steamy ,warm ,damp and thick . C．It’ll get warmer and then colder and drier. D．There is no exact answer up to present. 66．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．It’s important to drill deep down into lake sediments to collect information. B．It’s impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest. C．It’s hard to collect information for studies of the past climate in the Amazon rainforest. D．It’s necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past climate. 67．The best title for this passage may probably be . A．Studies of the Amazon B．Climates of the Amazon C．Secrets of the Rainforests D．Changes of the Rainforests 11. [广东B] Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow? Always give credit. Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is to treat them like heroes. Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. It is also an act of generosity (慷慨) that's never forgotten. Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive criticism (批评) , which often hurts rather than helps. Kenneth Blanchard, the author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees. "Catch people doing something right!" he says. Then tell everyone about it. Take informed risks. " The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise," says management adviser Marilyn Machlowitz. "Sky divers don't go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes (降落伞) beforehand. " Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us usually wait for others to take charge. But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail - and not die a thousand deaths. Pick yourself up and start all over again. Encourage enthusiasm (热情). "When people understand the importance of work, they lend their mental strengths," says Lee Ducat. But when they get excited about the work, all their energy gets poured into the job. That's a great force! Is this the best way to create excitement? Be enthusiastic your-self - You will be followed by everyone. 60. The underlined word "cultivated" (paragraph 1) roughly means _______. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed 61. The part Always give credit tells us that a leader should _______. A. give helpful criticism B. regard others as real heroes C. praise people for their good performances D. praise everyone 62. To be a good leader, you should _______. A. not be afraid of any risks B. think twice before taking risks C. try to avoid any possible failures D. know what a thoughtless exercise is 63. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Leadership Is of Skills and Techniques B. Leadership Is Very Important C. Not Many Can Be Leaders D. How to Be a Leader 12. [重庆D] Everyone should visit a lighthouse at least once. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors (祖先) battled nature with the basic tools they had. "They had only basic ways of creating light, and yet they found a way of using this simple technology in isolated(孤零零的) places to save ships from hitting rocks. Secondly, visiting lighthouses will help us to understand the lives of lighthouse keepers. By their very nature, lighthouses were built on some rocks or cliffs. Thus, the lighthouse keepers often lived lonely lives. To walk around their small home and imagine the angry storm outside beating against the walls, is to take a step towards understanding the lives they had. The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in time. It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience. Therefore, with the gentle waves touching all round the lighthouse, the visitor is likely to think it 13 a world preferable to the busy and noisy modem life. Another reason for considering a visit is that the lighthouses themselves can be very attractive buildings. Mankind could often not be content just to put up a basic structure, but felt the need, even in such an isolated place, to build with an artistic touch. The result is a view for tired eyes to enjoy. Finally, lighthouses have a romantic attraction, summed up by the image of the oil-skin coaled keeper climbing his winding stairs to take care of the light to warn ships and save lives, 67. What is the reason to look back into the past of a lighthouse? A. To escape from the busy and noisy city. B. To look for die tools used by our ancestors. C. To experience the natural beauty of a lighthouse. D. To learn about the living condition of lighthouse keepers. 68. The underlined phrase "out-of-the-way" in Paragraph 4 means A. far-away B. dangerous C. ancient D .secret 69. Lighthouses were often built with an artistic touch _________ A. to attract visitors B. to guide passing ships C. to give a pleasant sight D. to remember lighthouse keepers 70. How many reasons are mentioned for a visit to a Hothouse? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six, 13. [上海B.] “Come in, Kim. Have a seat, please,” said Bill Williams, the manager. “this was Kim's first experience with an assessment. After only six months he was due for a raise if this assessment was satisfactory. “Kim,” began Bill Williams, “I am very pleased with the quality of your work. I have nothing but praise for your devotion and your hard work. My only concern is that you are not active enough in putting forward your suggestions.” “But,” replied Kim, “I have always completed every assignment you have given me. Mr. Williams.” “I know that, Kim. And please, call me Bill. But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas. I need more input from you—more feedback on how things are going. I don’t need a “yes man”. You never tell me what you think. You just smile as though everything is fine.” “But,” said Kim, “I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.” “I’m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we could do. To make suggestions, I employed you because I respect your experience in this field, but you are not communicating your thoughts to me.” “Yes. I see. I’m not accustomed to this, but I will try to do as you say…Bill.” “Good, then, I expect to hear more from you at staff meetings or at any other time you want to discuss an idea with me.” “Yes, of course. Thank you, Mr. Will…Bill.” 69. Kim is the sort of employee who_______. A. does not speak out his own ideas B. is not devoted to the job C. laughs too much over work D. can not finish his work on time 70. The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “_____”. A. full of respect B. too confident and rude C. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet 14. [天津E.] No one can fail to stand in awed ( 令人敬畏的 ) admiration of the great discoveries of history—Newton' s laws of motion; Kepler' s principles of planetary movement, Einstein' s general theory of relativity. Equally awe-inspiring are artistic creations in painting, theatre, music and literature, which have also been brought about by discovery through personal efforts. What do these extraordinary achievements of well-known scientists and artists have to do with problem solving? A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem-solving activity. The solution to a problem, we are told, often comes to thinkers in a “flash of insight (顿悟)，although they may have been turning the problem over in their minds for some time. As a particular form of problem solving, these creative acts are based on the broad knowledge gained in the past, whether this be of the ``public" sort known to science, or of the "private" sort known to the artist. Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this.. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable (可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves (涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution. 52. Newton, Kepler and Einstein are mentioned in the first paragraph to_______. A. bring about the subject of the discussion B. explain that scientists are more creative C. show the difference between science and arts D. prove that arts require more personal efforts 53. While knowledge from the past plays an important role in their achievements, thinkers sometimes also depend on their______. A. artistic tastes B. sudden insight C. admiration of discoveries D. scientific experiments 54. What does the underlined word “this” refer to? A. Great contributions to the society B. Long-time study of the subject matter. C. Various statements about problem solving. D. Complete devotion to artistic creation. 55. We may conclude from the passage that ______. A. it is more likely to make scientific and artistic discoveries in everyday learning. B. a sudden insight and knowledge from the past are required in making discoveries C. scientific discoveries or artistic creations are usually unpredictable in nature D. knowledge of the rules in the past is often developed in the changes of situation 15. [北京D] Language as a System of Symbols Of all systems of symbols (符号), language is the most highly developed. It has been pointed out that human beings, by agreement, can make anything stand for anything. Human beings have agreed, in the course of centuries of mutual (相互的)dependency, to let the various noises that they can produce with their lungs, throats, tongues, teeth, and lips systematically stand for certain happenings in their nervous systems. We call that system of agreements language. There is no necessary connection between the symbol and that which it stands for. Just as social positions can be symbolized by feathers worn on the head, by gold on the watch chain, or by a thousand other things according to the culture we live in, so the fact of being hungry can be symbolized by a thousand different noises according to the culture we live in. However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject. Symbols and the things they stand for are independent of each other, yet we all have a way of feeling as if, and sometimes acting as if, there were necessary connections. For example, there are people who feel that foreign languages are unreasonable by nature: foreigners have such funny names for things, and why can’t they call things by their right names? This feeling exhibits itself most strongly in those English and American tourists who seem to believe that they can make the natives of any country understand English if they shout loud enough. Like the little boy who is reported to have said: “Pigs are called pigs because they are such dirty animals,” they feel that the symbol is inherently (内在地) connected in some way with the things symbolized. 69. Language is a highly developed system of symbols because human beings _________. A. have made use of language for centuries B. use our nervous systems to support language C. have made various noises stand for any events D. can make anything stand for anything by agreement 70. What can we conclude from Paragraph 2? A. Different noises may mean different things. B. Our culture determines what a symbol stands for. C. The language we use symbolizes our social positions. D. Our social positions determine the way we are dressed. 71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_________”. A. try very hard B. take our time C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful 72. The example of the little boy is used to show that _________. A. adults often learn from their young B. “pig” is a dirty word because pigs are dirty C. words are not connected with the things they stand for D. people sometimes have wrong ideas about how language works 16. [北京春. E.] T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U.S.A.That’s no surprise,because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the “wrong” clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule — wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. As in other places, uniforms remind the wearers of their purposes and duties.For example, when a man or woman puts on a police uniform, he or she becomes,for a time, the symbol (象征) of law and order. The uniform means to the wearer his or her special duties and sends the same message to everyone the wearer meets.People with different jobs wear uniforms of one kind or another. For students, the school uniform reminds them that their task for the six or seven hours they are in school is to get an education. Some parents are unhappy about uniforms, saying that school uniforms will affect their children’s “creativity.” First, as noted above, the clothes students choose to wear do not necessarily express their individuality (个性). They just copy their classmates. Second, students have the rest of the day to be as creative as they like. While they’re in school, their job is to master reading, writing, and maths;this should take up all the creativity they have. Mastery of those skills will be good for the students to build up their creativity in every way. 72. In Paragraph 1, the word “benefits” probably means . A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages Key: 1． A. B. C. D. 2． A. D. C. B. C. 3． B. C. C. B. D. 4． A. D. A. A. 5． A. D. D. A. C. 6． B. D. B. A. 7． A. C. C. D. 8． C. D. C. A. 9． D. D. B. D. 10． B. D. C. 11． D. C. B. D. 12． D. A. C. C. 13． A. B. D. 14． A. B. B. B. 15． D. B. A. D. 16． D. |
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