人教版 高一Unit 1 Good friends知识点讲解
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Unit 1 Good friends
重点句型:
1.One day Chuck is on a flight across the pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天正在一架飞过太平洋的飞机上，突然飞机失事了。
when是一个并列连词的作用，表示前一个动作正在进行时突然发生此事。多用于句型：
be doing…when…，be about to do …when…，句中is on a flight等于is flying。例如：
辨析：
1） be doing ... when ...正在做某事，这时候……；
when conj.( at that time ,and then)
sb. was doing sth. when sth. happened.表示某个动作正在进行，这时另一个动作意想不到的发生了。
I was walking on the street yesterday when I saw an old friend。昨天正在街上走着忽然碰上一个老朋友。
I was reading a newspaper when the doorbell rang.我正在看报，这时门铃响了。
2）I was about to start when it began to rain .　　　我正要动身，就开始下雨了。
　 We were just about to leave when you telephoned .　 我们正要离开时，你来电话了。
句中的be about to do sth表示“即将做某事”，“马上就要做某事”，“正要做某事”。
be just about to ... when ...正要做某事，这时候……
be about to do sth.
= be on th point of doing sth.
= be just going to do sth.
=be on the edge of doing sth.
=be on the way to doing sth.
=be just ready to do sth.表示即可就要发生（做）事情（不跟将来的具体时间连用；常和连用）
We are about to attend a meeting我们要参加会议。
The film is about to begin..电影马上开演了
I was about to telephone Ann when Ann telephoned me first.我正要给安打电话，就在这时安先给我打电话。
3）had just done ... when ...刚刚做好某事，这时候……[表示某个动作刚开始没多久，这时另一个动作突然发生了。
I had just finished my homework when my father came in.我刚做完家庭作业，父亲来了。
We had just begun our work when the machine broke down.我们刚刚开始工作，这时机器突然出故障。
I hadn’t been asleep for long when the baby began to cry.我没睡多久，这时婴儿开始哭了。
4）My friend Jack came to see me , when I had dinner .　　　我的朋友杰克来看我，那时我正在吃晚饭。
Lily was just going to the party when she felt ill.莉刚要去参加晚会，突然她感到不舒服。
I was just about to start when it began to rain.
I was reading when the light went out.我正在看书，这时灯突然灭了。
2. In order to survive, Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend — a volleyball he calls Wilson. 为了生存，查克与一个特殊的朋友建立了友谊，一个他称作威尔森的排球。
in order to do…引导目的状语，意为：为了做某事。否定式：in order not to do例如：
They did anything in order to make money. 为了赚钱他们什么都能做。
I work hard at my lessons in order to enter a key university.
我努力学习功课是为了进入一所重点大学。
He stepped aside in order for me to pass.他往边上挪了一下，为的是让我过去。
We started early so that we could catch the early bus.
=We started early in order that we could catch the early bus.
= We started early in order to catch the early bus.
= We started early so as to catch the early bus.[so as to 不能放在句首]
=In order to catch the early bus, we started early.
=我们早起，为了能赶上早班车。
3)Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his firneds.
引导结果状语从句的连词有so．．．that（如此……以致于），such．．．that（如此……以致于）等。常用句型：
so＋形容词／副词＋that从句
such a／an ＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋ that从句
such＋形容词＋复数可数名词／不可数名词＋that从句
so＋形容词＋a／an＋单数可数名词＋that从句
1)so…that引导结果状语从句常用如下结构：
so+形容词+that+从句
I was so sleepy that I could hardly keep my eyes open. 我太困了，眼睛实在睁开了。
so+副词+that+从句
The foreign visitor spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him..那位外国客人说得太快，我跟不上他。
so+分词+that+从句
The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts.这本书的写法使人对事实产生误解。
many
so+ +名词+that+从句
much
The house cost so much money that we didn't buy it.这房子要价太高，我们没买。
He has so little education that he can’t get a job.
【注意】 so除了和many或much连用，后接复数可数名词或不可数名词外，一般不能和其它形容词连用来修饰名词，如不能说so good girls。
so+形容词+a(an)+单数名词+that+从句
It is so easy an exercise that all of us can do it.这个问题十分容易，我们都会做。
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副
词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj./adv.　　　　　　　such + a(n) + adj. + n. 可数
so + adj. + a(n) + n.　　　 such + adj + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.)　　　 such + adj. + n. (不可数)　
so + adj. + n. [不可数]　　 such + little + n. [不可数]
so foolish　　　　　　　　 such a fool　
so nice a flower　　　　　 such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers　　　 such nice flowers
so much/little money.　　　 such rapid progress　
so many people　　　　　　 such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
2)such…that引导结果状语从句常用句型：
such a+单数可数名词+that+从句
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
such+复数可数名词+that+从句
He told us such funny stories that we all laughed．他给我们讲了那么多有趣的故事，我们全都哈哈大笑。
such+不可数名词+that+从句
He made such rapid progress that we admired him.
比较：
He is such a great writer that we like him.[状语从句]
He is such a great writer as we like. [定于从句]
such(用作代词)+that+从句
Her diligence was such that he made great progress.
她如此勤奋，因而大有进步。
such用法
　　一、such修饰单数名词时，放于不定冠词a(an)之前，若名词前有one，no，any，some， all, many等修饰时，such放在这些修饰词之后。
　　He's such a man.他就是这么一个人。
　　One such table is enough.这样的桌子，有一张就够了。
　　There is no such thing.没有这么一回事。
　　二、such位于句首时，句子须倒装，谓语动词的单复数根据其后的名词决定。
　　Such is my hope for the future.我对未来的希望就是这样。
　　Such were the facts.事实就是这样。
　　三、在such…that…，such…as…句型中，如从句不缺少句子成分，用that引导，表示“如此…以至于”；如从句中缺少句子成分，用as引导，表示“像…一样的”“像……”。
　　He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.他的胳臂很长，几乎能碰到天花板。
　　She is such a good teacher just as we expect.正如我们所料，她是一位好老师。　
　　四、用于某些短语中，如：such as表示列举，有“例如、诸如”等意思，as such则是“作为一个…，本身”等意思，such and such表示“某某，这种那种的”等意思。
　　I like drinks such as tea and soda.我喜欢诸如茶和汽水之类的饮料。
　　Wealth, as such doesn't matter much.财富本身算不了什么。
　　Such and such results follow from such and such causes.这样那样的原因就产生这样那样的结果。
4. Rock music is OK and so is skiing.
I don’t like singing, nor do I like computers.
句式：
肯定句，so + be(have,助动词，情态动词)+主语
否定式，neither/nor + be(have,助动词，情态动词)+主语
“… …也是这样”三种句型
句型1.”so + 助动词 + 主语”(前面的句子为肯定句)前面的句子为否定句
1.前后主语不同，谓语相同，承前省略后面相同的谓语。
He went to the theatre last night. So did I(go to the theatre).她昨晚去看戏了。“我也去了”。
If he goes to visit the Great Wall, so will I (go to visit it).如果她去参观高坝，我也去。
If you don’t go , nor shall I.
2.前后主语相同，谓语不同，后面谓语不能省略。
She can dance, (and) so can she sing. 她能跳舞，也能唱歌。
句型2.”neither(nor)+ 助动词 + 主语”前面的句子为否定句
1． 前后主语不同，谓语相同，承前省略谓语。
I didn’t see him. Neither(Nor) did she(see him)我没见到他，他也没有。
She has never been to America, and neither(nor) have I(been to America).
她从未去过美国，我也没有。
2． 前后主语相同，谓语不同，后面的谓语不能省。
Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?””你知道吉姆和她弟弟争吵这件事吗？”I don’t know, nor do I care. “我不知道，我也不关心。”
注意:neither 不完全等于nor。当表示三者或三者以上都不时，只能用。
例如：She can’t speak Russian, nor can I ,nor can you, nor can everyone else.
她不能讲俄语，我也不能，你也不能，其他任何人都不能。
句型3 so it is(was) with + …; It is(was) the same with…前面的句子常含有两个或两个以上不同意义的谓语动词，或前面是两个主语不同的并列句。
My brother is a good student and studies hard, so it is with my sister.我弟弟是一个好学生，并且努力学习，我妹妹也是如此。
5.What should a good friend be like?好朋友应该是什么样的？
like sb. (sth.)
like doing/to do sth.
Like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
Which + (n.) + do you like better, A or B?
Which + (n.) +do you like best, A, B or C?
How do you like sth……?
What’s sb. like? 问人品或长相
What’s sth. like?= How is sth.? 问情况，形式
what is the weather like today?=How is the weather today?=What/How about the weather today?
what is it like?询问对方对有关人员或事物的评价或感想，或要求对方描述有关人或事故的外貌
What do you think of…？
How do you find/like…？
What/how about (one’s ) doing sth.?
What do sb. like …？某人喜欢…？
What do sb. look like…？某人什么样？
What is he like? He is tall, strong and brave.
What is your teacher like? He is kind but strict.
What’s the TV play like? Wonderful.那部电视剧怎么样？好极了。
What was it like ? Very strange.那是什么样呢？非常奇怪。
What’s that kind of radio like?那种收音机是什么样的？
It’s a pocket one. Very nice and fine.是袖珍的，美观又精致。
What’s the young man? 那个年轻人什么样的？ He’s tall and handsome. 他高大英俊。
They don’t like the house to be left empty.他们不喜欢让房子空闲着。
I’d like him to come.我不喜欢他来。
6. 情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：
（1） should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，
shouldn’t have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：
You should have told me about it earlier.
You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents.
You should have told me so before.你以前就该告诉我。
（2） ought to have done也表示“本应该……”
ought not to have done则意为“本不应该……”。如：
You ought to have told me about it earlier.
You ought not to have said such words to your parents.
7．even if (=even though) 尽管；即使(引导让步状语从句)
We can’t get the work even if we stay up all night.即使我们晚上不睡觉，我们也完不成这项工作。
I’ll do it even if it takes me all the afternoon.这件事即使用一下午，我也得干。
8.lie
1. tell a lie
2. 说谎lie,lied,lied,lying
3. 躺,卧，平放，位于lie, lay, lain,lying
4. 放置,安排，产卵lay, laid, laid laying
5. lie on one’s side侧卧
6. lie one one’s back仰卧
7. lie on one’s face府卧=lie face downwards
8. lie one the bed躺在床上
9. lay one’s hand on one’s shoulder
10. lay the table for one’s supper摆设餐具吃
11. lay the table摆放餐具（准备吃饭,可是三餐
12. lay breakfast摆桌子（吃早餐）
13. lay the baby on the bed放
14. lay eggs a new-laid egg一只新下的蛋
15. lay a carpet/pipe铺设
16. lay down放下，使躺下，献出，放弃，铺设，规定
17. lay down one’s office辞职
18. lay down one’s life for the country
19. lay down one’s arms投降
20. lay aside(away,by)藏起，积蓄；留起，保留；放下，放置一旁；放弃，抛弃
21. lay off解雇，休息
9.scare
be scared of对……感到恐惧
be scared at因（听，看到）……而恐惧
sb. be scared to do sth.害怕做某事[语气比be afraid of强]
scare sb. to death 吓的某人要死
Seeing the scaring fire spreading in the building, she was too scared to cry for help.
be afraid of（怕而不愿）
害怕某事所产生的结果,表示害怕发生不愉快的事和意料之外的事
be afraid to do（怕而不敢）害怕某事不敢做做某市有顾虑
be afraid for为担心
I am afraid for your health. 我为你的身体担心。
be afraid that-clause 常用来表示一种歉意和遗憾，拒绝对方的请求不能为对方效劳
在意思上相当于I’m sorry,but…
I’m afraid that I can’t help you. 恐怕我不能帮你。
I’m afraid I’m late.抱歉我迟到了。
10．fire
open fire开火
cease fire停火
make a fire生火 [教材中无冠词，但词典中有]
miss fire（ 枪、炮）不发火，打不响
strike a fire打火
discover a fire发现火情
watch the fire围观大火
control the fire控制火势
light(start) a fire点火
hold fire忍着不表态（或不采取行动）
catch fire 着火
begin to burn（强调动作）
fight a fire救火
stand the fire耐火
set fire to = set ^on fire使燃烧，点燃
on fire着火burning（强调状态）
play with fire玩火
escape from the fire逃离火境
be killed(burnt) in the fire被火烧死
be trapped by the fire被火围困
put out the fire灭火
keep away from fire切勿近火
at the fire在火炉旁
vt. fire a house放火烧屋
fire (up) a cigar点燃雪茄烟
fire pottery烧制陶器
fire workers解雇工人
fire a gun开枪
fire alarm火警
fire engine救火车
fire-fighter消防人员
fire escape安全梯
fire lines火灾现场警戒线
be trapped by the fire被火围困
be trapped above the fire被火围困在上面
be killed in the fire被大火烧死
be burnt in the fire被大火烧掉
put sth. over the fire在火上烧、烤东西
11. care
Care for or care about 1.like or be fond of喜欢 2. be pleased by对……中意 3.be worried aboutfeel trouble or anxiety about对……担心 4.have (show,feel )concern for,be concerned about对…关心关怀
Care about: consider important;be interested in重视、讲究；介意；对……感性趣[‘在乎，在意计较常用于否定句、疑问句]
He doesn’t care about others.他不关心别人。
Care for 1.look after,attend to照料,照顾
2.respect,have regard for,look up to,pay attention to尊重,尊敬
3.want,wish,would like愿意
Would you care for a walk? =Would you car to go for a walk?
I don’t care for him to read this letter?我不愿意让他看着
Care to do = care for喜欢，愿意
Care that-clause=care about 在乎，关心 I don’t care what you say.你说什么，我不关心。
Why should I care what he said ?我为什么要计较他说的话呢？
Take care= be careful take care of =look after with care小心
Take care of =look after
With care= carefully
12．Alone
He doesn’t feel lonely when he is alone.
He likes being alone.
Mr Smith alone knows what happened.
13.An e-mail is less formal than a letter, but there are still a few things to keep in mind.
She is less tall than he.
=She is not so tall as he.
=She is shorter than he.
=He is taller than he.他比她高。
14． Hunt
go hunting
hunt for = look for=search for

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