高考英语动词时态题设题特点及应试策略
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一、高考英语动词时态题设题特点及应试策略

动词时态题是高考英语单项选择题中的一项测试重点。随着单项题设题语境化因素的进一步强化，动词时态题在语境中进行测试的这一特点更趋突出，由此给考生的应试增加了一定的难度。结合历年高考英语试题中动词时态题，现将其设题特点及应试策略分析如下：
一、题干中直接性地给定时间状语，让考生通过对题干中所提供的时间状语及对语境的分析即能作出正确的判断，从而考查考生对动词时态基本用法的掌握情况
例1．How can you possibly miss the news？ It ________ on TV all day long.（2004年高考北京卷）
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
解析 选A 该题在语境中测试现在完成时的基本用法。根据语境中说话人前一分句所用动词时态（can miss）以及选项中所给时间状语all day long可知，说话人所强调的动作是到现在为止之前一直在进行的动作，而且还要继续下去的动作，故该题应选用现在完成时。选项B、C、D显然不符题意。
例2．All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_____. (NMET 2003)
A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown
解析 选C 该题测试一般过去时在由as引导的时间状语从句结构中的运用。分析句意可知，as在此引导时间状语从句，强调“一边……一边……”之意。主句的谓语动词与从句的谓语动词同时进行，且都发生在过去。这种情况下，as引导的主从句的谓语动词通常都用一般过去时。
例3．At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic. (NMET2003北京)
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
解析 选B 该题测试将来进行时在含有将来时间状语的句式结构中的运用。分析句中时间状语at this time tomorrow表示将来具体某一时刻，说明句中谓语动词是在将来某一时刻要发生的事，且强调正在进行的动作，故应选用将来进行时。
例4．John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _______ each other a couple of times before that. (NMET 2002春)
A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen
解析 选D 该题题干长，信息量大，但题干中提供了具体时间状语，降低了测试难度。根据上下文语境，第一空句中谓语动词的动作强调到现在为止已有8年，故应用现在完成时；第二空句中时间状语before that，that代指的是we first got to know each other at a Christmas party，强调在过去某点时间之前所发生的事，故应选用过去完成时。
应试策略
解答该类动词时态题型首先要求考生要加强基础训练，夯实运用动词时态的基本功，要正确认识不同的时间状语在不同的动词时态中运用。考生在解答该类题型时，应充分利用题干中所给时间状语及所提供的语境，准确把握各个时间状语在各种不同动词时态中的运用，正确区分同一个时间状语在多种时态中的用法，最终作出正确选择。
实战演练
1. —How are you today？
—Oh, I ________as ill as I do now for a very long time .
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
2. —Was the driving pleasant when you were in Shanghai last summer？
—No, it ________ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. would be raining C. have rained D. had been raining
3. The last time I _______ Jane, she _______cotton in the field.
A. had seen; picked B. had seen; was picking C. saw; picked D. saw; was picking
4. —Sorry, I’m late because driving here was slow because of the traffic.
—That’s all right. I ________long.
A. won’t be waiting B. haven’t been waiting C. don’t wait D. didn’t wait
5. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ________ and perfected now.
A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed
二、题干中给定时间状语，但所给时间状语干扰性强、迷惑性大，考生必须根据上下文语境进行判断，才能作出解答。该题型着重考查考生对某些时间状语在特定语境中的动词时态的特殊运用的掌握情况
例5． I _______while reading the English textbooks. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time. （2004年春季高考北京卷）
A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
解析 选C 分析该题题干，while reading the English textbooks为现在分词作时间状语，因其没有明确为过去时间所发生的动作，还是现在时间所发生的动作，所以，干扰了考生的思维，让考生产生了定视。不少考生没有继续读完后一分句，没能看到后一分句中的一般过去时，都认为前一分句是现在时间所发生的动作，而误选了选项B、D。实际上，考生在解答该题时，只要能读完整个题干，把握住句中动作所发生的时间段，便能作出正确选择。
例6．Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge？ It will _______fresh for several days. (NMET2003)
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
解析 选B 该题在语境中测试一般将来时、将来进行时以及将来完成时的用法区别。该题的关键是句中所提供的时间状语for several days干扰了考生的思维，不少考生因定势思维的影响，总认为介词for引导的一段时间作状语，用于完成时的结构中，而误选了答案D（将来完成时）。事实上，介词for引导的一段时间作状语既可用于完成时，也可用于将来时和一般过去式，而将来完成时常用于by 或by the end of引导的时间状语的句式结构中。
例7．—You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it？
—I’m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.（NMET 02）
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
解析 选D 该题测试一般过去式在语境中的运用。题干中所提供的时间状语sooner给考生的思维带来了很大的干扰性。通常情况下，考生对时间状语soon理解为“不久，很快”，故很多考生受其影响，都误选了选项C（一般将来时）。而sooner在此意为“先前、早些时候”，强调过去，同时根据答话人的语气I’m sorry，也说明了对过去所发生事情作出的歉意。所以，应选一般过去时。
例8．He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________from the university next year. (2002 上海)
A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate
解析 选C 该题测试将来时间状语用于时间状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词使用一般现在时代指将来时态的用法。一般情况下，当题中出现了将来时间状语时，常用一般将来时。但该题中将来时间状语next year干扰了考生的正常思维，给考生产生了定势，误导考生在A、B、C三个选项中徘徊。事实上，当一个状语从句中出现了将来时间状语时，主句常用将来时（一般将来时或过去将来时），而从句则用一般时态（一般现在时或一般过去时）或完成时态（现在完成时或过去完成时）。
例9．Shirley ______a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (NMET1998)
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
解析 选D 该题测试过去时间状语与过去进行时态在英语句式中的特殊用法。题中过去时间状语last year导致了考生的定势思维，不少考生因此而误选了选项B（一般过去时）。分析上下文语境可知，选项部分的谓语动词的动作并非在过去某一时间已经完成，而是指在过去某一时间正在进行，故应选过去进行时。注意：在这一句式结构中，只有延续性动词才可与过去时间状语用于过去进行时，强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
应试策略
解答该类题型时，我们要特别注意不能受题干中所给时间状语的迷惑，要注意分析题中所给时间状语在特定语境中的运用，排除干扰，充分运用题干中所暗示的条件，根据上下文语境作出正确判断。
实战演练
1. —Can I help you, sir？
—Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _________.
A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
2. Many years ago, Jane ________ in a flat with her grandma for a long period of time.
A. had been living B. had lived C. has been living D. lived
3. —Long time to see. Haven’t you graduated from college？
—Yes. I _______English for four years in Nantong.
A. study B. have studied C. am studying D. studied
4. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they _________.
A. were playing B. were to play C. had played D. played
5. —Hello, Jim. I_____to see you today. Jane said you _____ ill.
—Oh, I’m OK.
A. don’t expect; were B. haven’t expected; are
C. am not expecting; are D. didn’t expect; were
三、题干中不直接给定时间状语，句中动词时态的确定必须完全根据上下文的语境来判断。着重考查考生对动词时态在语境中进行使用的分析判断能力和灵活运用能力
例10．—Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
—Where was I？
—You _________you didn’t like your father’s job. （2004年春季高考北京卷）
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
解析 选C 该题测试过去进行时在特定语境中的运用。根据题干所提供的情景，题干中没有明确的表示过去进行时的时间状语，考生仅能通过上下文语境及说话人的意图所指动作发生时间，才能判断出该动作并非指现在，而是发生在过去且强调在过去某段时间持续的状态。实际上，答话人说话时，省略了状语从句(When I interrupted you, ) you were saying you didn’t like your father’s job.故应选用过去进行时。
例11．I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it. (2003上海)
A. doesn’t mention B. hadn’t mentioned C. didn’t mention D. hasn’t mentioned
解析 选C 该题测试一般过去时在特定语境中的用法。提干没有提供任何时间状语，但分析上下文语境可知，前一并列分句强调在过去某一时刻“认为将要发生的事”，说明后一并列分句也在过去某一时刻发生（首先排除选项A、D）。该动作又存在在前一并列分句的动作之前发生，故再排除选项B，选答案C（一般过去时），说明与前一分句中主句的谓语动词thought同时进行。
例12． Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly. (NMET 2001)
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
解析 选A 该题测试现在进行时在特定语境中的用法。题干中没有提供表示进行时的时间状语，考生只有通过上下文语境，才能作出选择。题干中主句为一般现在时，分析从句意义可知，句中谓语动词为现在且强调正在进行的动作，故应选现在进行时。
例13．I _______ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
解析 选D 该题测试一般现在时在特定语境中的运用。从题干中可以看出，没有明确的用于一般现在时的时间状语，考生在解答该题时，只有通过分析上下文语境，才能得知选项动词的动作并非发生在过去或将来，也没有任何完成之意义，而是强调动作现状的一般行为，故应选一般现在时。
例14．—You have left the light on.
—Oh, so I have. ________and turn it off. (NMET2000)
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going
解析 选A 该题不仅测试一般将来时在特定语境中的运用，同时还测试了will do 与be going to do的用法区别。题干中没有表示将来的时间状语，但分析上下文语境可知，该动作并非已经发生，而是表示将要发生的事，故应选一般将来时。但选项A、D都为将来时结构，考生必须在弄清两者之间的区别，即will do强调临时决定将要发生的事，而be going to do强调过去已计划过的将要发生的事，才能作出正确选择。
例15．The price _______, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET1999)
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was gone down
解析 选C 该题测试现在完成时在特定语境的运用。分析题干，尽管句中没有表示现在完成时的时间状语，但根据后一并列分句句意可知，选项部分动词动作是强调从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在或可能还要继续下去，故应选现在完成时。
应试策略
解答该类题型时，要注意根据上下文中所给特定语境条件，分析说话人的意图，推断句中动作所发生的时间段，充分利用题干中所提供的其他动词时态暗示条件，结合四个选项动词时态，进行综合分析，作出正确判断。
实战演练
1. —Don’t smoke, Victor. You are a student anyway.
—Well, no one ________me but you at home, Mum. Just this time, OK？
A. saw B. is seeing C. has seen D. sees
2. Hurry! The train ________. You know it _________ at 8:30a.m.
A. leaves; leaves B. is leaving; leaves C. leaves; is leaving D. is leaving; is leaving
3. I don’t really work here; I ________until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. has just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out
4. —who is Jerry Cooper？
—________？ I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet
5. —Oh, it’s you! I ________you.
—I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize
Key: 一、1—5 DDDBC 二、1—5 DDDBD 三、1—5 DBCDA
二、研读高考试题，掌握被动语态

被动语态多年来一直是高考考查的重点，近几年来以考查其与动词的各种形式相结合的题型为主，并且体现在上下文语境当中，这就增加了试题的难度。因此，要做好被动语态试题除了掌握被动语态的基本含义、基本构成之外，还要注意将被动语态的用法放在具体的语言情境中去运用。本文将对近几年高考考查的被动语态问题，作一简单的分析，希望能对同学们有所帮助。
与一般现在时的联合考查
If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A．are not kept；will have to B．are not kept；have
C．do not keep；will have to D．do not keep；have to
解析：
这是一个由if引导的条件状语从句构成的复合句，表示目前的情况，故从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时，排除B、D项，然后根据句意，选A项。
与现在进行时的联合考查
A new cinema ____ here．They hope to finish it next month．
A．will be built B．is built C．has been built D．is being built
解析：
只要明白本句的意思，可知答案为D项。
与过去时态的联合考查
When ____ the education system of China and Britain，the professor gave no answer．
A．asking to compare B．asked him to compare C．asked to compare D．asked him to compare
解析：
从本句结构来看， when引导的时间状语从句为一省略结构，补全从句应为：When the professor was asked to compare．．．故选C项。
与完成时态的联合考查
— ____ the sports meet might be put off．
—Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A．I've been told B．I've told C．I'm told D．I told
解析：
“我”只能“被告知”，可排除B、D项；又据下文来看“我被告知”的动作已发生，故选A项。
与不定式的联合考查
He claimed ____ in the supermarket when he was doing some shopping yesterday．
A．being badly treated B．treating badly C．to treated badly D．to have been badly treated
解析：
当claim表示“声称”时，后面跟不定式结构，故排除A、B项。又根据上下文语境推断出选项中的动作已完成，故选D项。
与动名词的联合考查
What worried the child was ____ to visit his mother in the hospital．
A．his not allowing B．his not being allowed C．his being not allowed D．having not been allowed
解析：
动名词在句中作表语，且从语法上讲，在这里应使用动名词的被动语态形式，故选B项。
与过去分词的联合考查
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ next month．
A．carried out B．carrying out C．carry out D．to carry out
解析：
该句中关系代词that引导一个定语从句修饰先行词the plan，carry out与plan之间为被动关系，故选A项。
三、近年高考中的时、语态题
1. --- You've left the light on.
　 --- Oh , so I have .________and turn it off. （2000全国）（A）
　　A．I'll go B．I've gone　　C．I go D．I'm going
2. --- How are you today?
　 --- Oh , I ___________as ill as I do now for a very long time. （2000全国）（D）
　　A．didn't fell B．wasn't feeling　　C．don't fell D．haven't felt
3. The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when be saw it. （2000全国）（A）
　　A．was travelling B．travelled　　C．had been traveling D．was to travel.
4. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ________ to his old ways. （2000北京春季）（A）
　　A. returned 　 B. returns 　 C. was returning　　D. had returned
5. --- You're drinking too much.
　 --- Only at home. No one ________ me but you. （2000北京春季）（C）
　　A. is seeing 　　B. had seen 　　　C. sees 　　　　　　 D. saw
6. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_________ so rapidly. （01全国）（A）
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
7. I _________ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
（01全国）（D）
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
8. Visitors_________ not to touch the exhibits. （01全国）（D）
A. will request B. request .C. are requesting D. are requested
9. The men will have to wait all day______ the doctor works faster. （01北京春季）（B）
A．if B．unless C．whether D．that
10. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true. （01北京春季）（C）
A．he B．this C．which D．who
11. —Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? （01北京春季）（B）
—Yes, I gave it to her _______ I saw her.
A．while B．the moment C．suddenly D．once
12. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was? （01北京春季）（D）
A．where B．what C．how D．which
13. — You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
　 — I'm sorry I _________ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it's pretty on you.　
（02全国）　　【Ｄ】
　 Ａ．wasn't saying　　Ｂ．don't say　Ｃ．won't say　　Ｄ．didn't say
14. I wonder why Jenny _________ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.　
（02 全国）　　【Ａ】
　 Ａ．hasn't written　Ｂ．doesn't write　Ｃ．won't write　Ｄ．hadn't written
15. The little girl ______ her heart out because she ______ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t
ever going to find it. （02北京）（B）
A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost
C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost
16. ― Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?
― Of course. What is it?
― I ______ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. （02北京）（B）
A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder
17. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that. （02北京春季）（D）
A. had been; have seen B have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen D have been; had seen
18. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He trying to save a child in the earthquake. （02北京春季）（C）
A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
19. — How are the team playing?
— They’re playing well, but one of them hurt. （02北京春季）（A）
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
20. — Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to…
— Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and you forget it! （03全国卷）（D）
A．do B．didn’t C．did D．don’t
21. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness . （03全国卷）（C）
A．has grown B．is growing C．grew D．had grown
22. At this time tomorrow ______________ over the Atlantic. （03北京）（B）
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
23. --- ______David and Vicky __________ married?
--- For about three years. （03北京）（C）
A. How long were … being B. How long have … got
C. How long have … been D. How long did … get
24. The news came as no surprise to me. I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. （03北京）（A）
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
25. Come and see me whenever _______. （03北京）（C）
A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient
26. — How long at this job?
— Since 1990. （03北京春季）（B）
A．were you employed B．have you been employed
C．had you been employed D．will you be employed
27. — When will you come to see me, Dad?
— I will go to see you when you the training course. （03北京春季）（D）
A．will have finished B．will finish
C．are finishing D．finish
28. --- What’s that terrible noise?
--- The neighbours ______ for a party. （04北京）(B)
A have prepared B are preparing C prepare D will prepare
29. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. （04北京）(B)
A had considered B has been considering
C considered D is going to consider
30. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by 2006. （04北京）(C)
A has been completed B has completed
C will have been completed D will have completed
31. --- What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
--- I had just finished my work and ______ to take a shower. （04天津）(D)
A had started B started C have started D was starting
32. The crazy fans patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived. （04重庆）(B)
A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait
33. She her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. （04重庆）(C)
A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing
34. More patients ___________ in hospital this year than last year. （04江苏）(D)
A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated
35. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people_____to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. （04江苏）(B)
A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun
36. The discussion ____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. （04浙江）(D)
A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came
37. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. （04浙江）(C)
A. has closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down
38. — You were out when I dropped in at your house.
— Oh, I _______ for a friend from England at the airport. （04福建）(A)
A．was waiting B．had waited C．am waiting D．have waited
39. — The window is dirty. — I know. It _____ for weeks. （04广西） （D）
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
40. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______ advertisements showing happy families （04湖南）（A）
A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen
41. --- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
--- Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ______ ? （04湖南） （D）
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
42．He kept looking at her , wondering whether he her somewhere . （04湖北） (D)
A．saw B．has seen C．sees D．had seen
43．—George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding ?
—No , I . Did they have a big wedding ? （04湖北） (C)
A．was not invited B．have not been invited
C．hadn’t been invited D．didn’t invite
44．It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) the world leading inventor for sixty years . （04辽宁） (D)
A．would be B．has been C．had been D．was
45. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945. and their power ______ increased enormously ever since. （04上海） (C)
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
46. The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly it people _______ to eat more fruit and vegetables. （04上海） (D)
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
47. Let’s keep to the point or we ______ any decisions. （04全国I） (A)
A will never reach B have never reached
C never reach D never reached
48. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so I’m afraid I ______ half of it. （04全国I） (D)
A was missing B had missed C will miss D missed
49. --- Has Sam finished his homework today?
--- I have no idea. He______ it this morning. （04全国II） (C)
A did B has come C was doing D had done
50. I ______ you not to move my dictionary---now I can’t find it. （04全国II） (A)
A asked B ask C was asking D had asked
51. According to the art dealer, the painting______ to go for at least a million dollars. （04全国II） (A)
A is expected B expects C expected D is expecting
52. --- Thank goodness, you’re here! What______ you?
--- Traffic jam. （04全国IV） （D）
A keeps B is keeping C had kept D kept
53. How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long. （04北京春季）（A）
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
54. － Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
－ Where was I?
－ You ______ you didn’t like your father’s job. （04北京春季）（C）
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
55. I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy. （04北京春季）（C）
A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected
C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting
56. I ______ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! （04北京春季）（C）
A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
57. Although he has lived with us for years, he __ us much impression. （04上海春季）（C）
A. hadn't left B. didn't leave C. doesn't leave D. hasn't left
58. He _________ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15? (05北京卷) (D)
A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned
59. Scientists think that the continents __________ always where they _________ today. (05北
京卷) (C)
A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were
60. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when __________ and see him. (05北京卷) (A)
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
61. --– Why did you leave that position?
--- I __________ a better position at IBM. (05北京卷) (D)
A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered
62. Years ago we didn't know this, but recent science ______ that people who don't sleep well soon get ill. (05广东卷) (B)
A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing
63. The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister's car. (05广东卷) (C)
A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be
64. When the old man ______ to walk back to his house ,the sun _____ itself behind the mountain. （05湖北卷）(A)
A．started ;had already hidden B．had started ;had already hidden
C．had started ;was hiding D．was starting; hid
65. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ______ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. （05湖北卷）(B)
A．were deciding B．have decided C．decided D．will decide
66. -– If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been hack by 6 o'clock.
--- What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you. (05湖南卷) (B)
A. is B. was C. would be D. has been
67. They _______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________ it as no good results have come out so far. (05江苏卷) (A)
A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working
68. — Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
— Oh! I thought they ______ without me. (05江西卷) (D)
A．went B．are going C．have gone D．had gone
69. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language ___________? (05全国卷3) (C)
A．did they speak B．were they speaking
C．are they speaking D．have they been speaking
70. － Did you tell Julia about the result?
－ Oh, no, I forgot. I ________ her now. (05全国卷3) (B)
A．will be calling B．will call C．call D．am to call
71. — What would you do if it ______ tomorrow?
— We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready. （05全国卷1）(B)
A．rain B．rains C．will rain D．is raining
72. The hero’s story differently in the newspapers. （05全国卷1）(A)
A．was reported B．was reporting C．reports D．reported
73. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I _____ before. （05全国卷1）(C)
A．was having B．have C．have ever had D．had ever had
74. More than a dozen students in that school _______ around to study medicine last year. （05上海卷）(B)
A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent
75. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _______ down to eat our picnic lunch. （05上海卷）(D)
A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat
76. My brother is an actor. He _________ in several films so far. （05浙江卷）(C)
A．appears B．appeared C．has appeared D．is appearing
77. — Are you still busy?
— Yes, I _________ my work, and it won’t take long. （05浙江卷）(C)
A．just finish B．am just finishing C．have just finished D．am just going to finish
78. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year. （05山东卷）(D)
A. is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
79. — What’s wrong with your coat?
— Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____ on it. （05重庆卷）(D)
A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting
80. — What are you going to do this afternoon?
— I am going to die cinema with some friends. The film_____ quite early, so we____ to the bookstore after that. （05重庆卷）(C)
A. finished; are going B. finished ; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go
81. Millions of pounds' worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last nigh （05重庆卷）(A)
A. has been caused B. had been caused
C. will be caused D. will have been caused
82. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _______for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) (C)
A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left
83. The manager had fallen asleep where he ______, without undressing. （05安徽卷）(B)
A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied
84. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she __________. （05辽宁卷）(C)
A．has done B．had done C．was doing D．is doing
85. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （05辽宁卷）(B)
A．was called B．is called C．had been called D．has been called
86. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German. （05天津卷）(D)
A. have B. did C. had D. do
87. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing. People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷）(D)
A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning
88. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He ________ her before.
（05北京春季）（B）
　　A. never saw B. had never seen 　　C. never sees D. has never seen
89. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment ________ . （05北京春季）（D）
　　A. is damaged B. had damaged C. damaged D. was damaged
90. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. ________ ? （05北京春季）（A）
　　A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished
　　C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish
91. ________ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （05北京春季）（C）
　　A. I’d phoned B. I’ve been phoning
　　C. I’ve phoned D. I was phoning
四、时、语态强化练习
1. I can guess you were in a hurry. You ＿＿ your sweater inside out.
A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing
2. — We ＿＿ that you would fix the TV set this week.
— I’m sorry. I ＿＿ to, but I’ve been too busy.
A. had expected； had intended B. are expecting； had intended
C. expect； intend D. expected； intend
3. He will stop showing off, if no notice ＿＿ of him.
A. is taken B. will be taken C. takes D. has taken
4. — It is said that another new car factory＿＿now.
— Yeah. It ＿＿one and a half years.
A. is building； takes B. is being built； will take
C. is built； will take D. is being built； takes
5. — I’m sorry, but I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
— You ＿＿ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing
6. — Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!
— Mum, I ＿＿ my storeroom downstairs。
A. cleaned B. have worked C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning
7. They won’t buy new clothes because they＿＿money to buy a color TV set.
A. save B. are saving C. has saved D. were saving
8. Good heavens! There you are! We＿＿anxious about you, and we ＿＿you back throughout the night.
A. are； expect B. were； had expected
C. have been；were expecting D. are； were expecting
9. I’ve finally finished my paper and it ＿＿ me an entire month.
A. takes B. took C. was taken D. had taken
10. The traffic in our city is already good and it ＿＿even better.
A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting
11. — Has Jack finished his homework yet?
— I have no idea；he ＿＿it this morning.
A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did
12. — I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.
— I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I＿＿my guests in my office.
A. is being met B. will meet C. will be meeting D. will have met
13. — Alice came back home the day before yesterday.
— Really ? Where ＿＿ ?
A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone
14. John and I＿＿friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we＿＿ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been； have met B. have been； have met
C. had been； had met D. have been； had met
15. I ＿＿ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
16. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I ＿＿ my mum.
A. take B. am taking C. have taken D. will have taken
17. — You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
— I’ m sorry I ＿＿ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
18. — Where ＿＿?
— I got stuck in the heavy traffic. I ＿＿ here earlier.
A. did you go； had arrived B. have you been； would have been
C. were you； would come D. are you； was
19. I know Mr Brown；we ＿＿ to each other at an international conference.
A. are introduced B. have been introduced
C. were introduced D. had been introduced
20. —Where do you think＿＿he＿＿the computer?
— Sorry. I have no idea.
A. has ； bought B.／ ； bought C. did ； buy D. had ； bought
21. — I＿＿to a party, but I’ve got nothing to wear.
— Why don’t you have a dress made for the party?
A. was asked B. will ask C. have asked D. have been asked
22. I didn’t like Aunt Lucy, who＿＿without warning and bringing us presents.
A. always turned up B. has always turned up
C. was always turning up D. was always turned up
23. — What do you think of this kind of TV set, which ＿＿ in Shanghai?
— Well, I don’t care such things.
A. was made B. is made C. has been made D. had been made
24. — Tom, did Mr. Li join you in your discussion?
— No, he＿＿, but he happened to have fallen ill.
A. would like to B. will C. was to have D. was going to join
25. — Did he notice you enter the room?
— I don’t think so. He＿＿to the radio with his eyes shut.
A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened
26. The plane ＿＿ at 7:00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.
A. has left B. is to leave C. will have left D. leaves
27. The train ＿＿＿＿＿ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o’clock tonight.
A. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going
28. Look at this! I＿＿some magazines and＿＿this letter.
A. was looking through； found B. am looking through； find
C. looked through； had found D. had looked through； finding
29. — ＿＿you ＿＿ the editor at the airport?
— No, he ＿＿ away before my arrival.
A. Have...met； has driven B. Had...met； was driven
C. Did...meet； had been driven D. Have...met； had driven
30. — Can you give me the right answer?
— Sorry, I ＿＿.Would you repeat that question?
A. hadn’t listened B. haven’t listened C. don’t listen D. wasn’t listening
31. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I ＿＿coffee.
A. prefer B. preferred C. have preferred D. am preferring
32. — Was the driving pleasant when you went to Mexico last summer?
— No, it ＿＿ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. had been raining C. would be raining D. rained
33. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They＿＿too long.
A. had been cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. cooked
34. — Remember the first time we met, Jim?
— Of course I do. You ＿＿ in the library.
A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read
35. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ＿＿ the cloth ＿＿ well.
A. have told； washes B. have been told； washes
C. was told； washed D. have been told； is washed
36. — What were you up to when your parents came in?
— I＿＿for a while and＿＿some reading.
A. was playing； was going to do B. played； did
C. had played； was going to do D. had played； did
37. — Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you.
— Never mind, ＿＿ it myself tonight.
A. I’m going to post B. I’ve decided to post C. I’ll post D. I’d rather post
38. I should very much like to have gone to that party of theirs, but ＿＿.
A. I’m not invited B. I was not invited
C. I have not been invited D. I had not been invited
39. — Is Tom still smoking?
— No. By next Saturday he ＿＿ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.
A. will go B. will have gone C. will have been D. has been going
40. All but one ＿＿ take part in the conference ＿＿ tomorrow.
A. is going to； that is to take place B. are going to； that is about to take place
C. are going to； that is to be taken place D. are going to； which is to be held
41. — Are you a visitor here?
— That’s right. I＿＿round the world and now my dream of coming to China＿＿true.
A. have traveled； has come B. was traveling； had been come
C. am traveling； has come D. have traveled； has been come
42. — ＿＿ Betty this morning?
— Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.
A. Have you seen B. Will you see C. Do you see D. Did you see
43. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never＿＿ him talk so much.
A. I heard B. did I hear C. I had heard D. had I heard
44. The children ＿＿very quiet；I wonder what they ＿＿up to.
A. were； are being B. are being；are C. are；do D. are being；do
45. — Look at the black clouds. It ＿＿ soon.
— Sure. If only we ＿＿out.
A. is raining； didn’t come B. is to rain； won’t start
C. will rain； haven’t started D. is going to rain； hadn’t come
46. He ＿＿articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he ＿＿about forty articles.
A. has been writing； has written B. has been writing； wrote
C. is writing； has been writing D. has written； has written
47. She ＿＿ to the office than she got down to writing the report.
A. has no sooner got B. had hardly got
C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got
48. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge ＿＿from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.
A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come
49. In this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they＿＿.
A. had just been dreaming B. are just dreaming
C. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt
50. — What’s the matter?
— The shoes don’t fit properly. They＿＿＿＿my feet.
A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt
1 ~ 20: DAABC DBCBD ACBDD BDBCB
21 ~ 40: DCBCB DDACD ABAAB CCBBD
41 ~ 50: CADBD ADCCA
动词时态、语态专练50题参考答案及简析
1.D。can guess 这一现在猜测是建立在眼前所见情景的基础上的，故用现在进行时。
2.A。expect, intend, want, wish, hope, plan 等动词的过去完成式可表示过去未曾实现的想法、愿望、打算等。
3.A。如主句用将来时，在时间、条件和让步状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。又因if 从句是take notice of...的被动语态结构，故选A。
4.B。根据主语与build之间的被动关系和now， 可知要选现在进行时的被动语态；因工厂正在修建，花费一年半应指将来。
5.C。shouldn’ t have done 表示“过去本不应……”。You did lose your temper 是You lost your temper 的强调形式。
6.D。现在完成进行时表示从过去某时到现在一直在进行的动作。
7.B。句意为：他们（现在）不愿买新衣服，因为他们在攒钱买电视。由此可见，攒钱是现阶段正在进行的动作。
8.C。担心是从过去某时到说话时为止一直在进行的动作，用现在完成时；expect 是在过去某一段时间里（整个晚上）正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。
9.B。论文已完成，花费一个月时间应指过去；某事花费某人多少时间用sth.takes sb.some time 结构。
10.D。交通现在已经好了，在此基础上正在变得更好。
11.A。题干没有构成“过去的过去”，不可选B。如选C、D则表示动作已完成，与have no idea相矛盾。过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作，不涉及结果，正好附合题干语境。
12.C。by then 是指将来的时间状语，排除A。再由句意可知，meet指的是到了十点钟时将正在进行的动作。
13.B。问句问的是前天回来之前去了哪儿，故用过去完成时。注意had gone表示人未回来，与第一句相矛盾。
14.D。for＋时间段表示从过去某时延续至今的动作或状态，用现在完成时；meet发生在got to know 这一过去动作之前，用过去完成时。
15.D。用一般现在时表示现在的特征或状态。
16.B。come, go, leave, arrive, take 等动词常用进行时表砂将来。
17.D。表示过去没有做某事应用去时。又因句子没有"过去正在进行 "之意，帮排除A。
18.B。问对方"去了哪里"，指的是从过去某时到现在为止的动作，用现在完成时；第二个空格是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气和主句，条件状语从句If I hadn’ t got stuck in the heavy traffic 被省略。
19.C。在一个国际会议上被介绍显然发生在过去。
20.B。此句为复杂特殊疑问句结构，即“疑问词＋do you think (believe, suppose, expect, imagine, say, consider, guess等）＋其它（陈述语序）?”。
21.D。由but 分句中的现在时和答语所提建议内容，可知应选现在完成时的被动语态。
22.C。 always, often, constantly, forever, all the time 等副词与现在（过去）进行时连用，表示某种反复发生的动作，往往带有厌恶、不满、责备或赞扬等意味。
23.B。这种电视产于上海是客观事实，故用一般现在时。
24.C。C项是was to have joined us in our discussion 的省略形式。was／were ＋ to have done表示原来计划、安排要做的事，而实际上并没有做。
25.B。当时他在听收音机。
26.D。表示按时刻表或日程安排要发生的事,应用一般现在时。
27.D。从句用的是一般现在时，故主句要用将来时。将来进行时表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
28.A。Look at this!说明东西已找到。紧接着说是怎样找到的。
29.C。根据答语，问句中的meet是过去发生的动作，可排除A、D。但不能选B，因为没有构成“过去的过去”。答语中用过去完成时的被动语态表示在我到达（过去动作）之前他已被人用车接走。
30.D。“没听”发生在对方（过去）问问题时，故用过去进行时。
31.A。此题选A表示现在的特征或状态。prefer属表示心理状态的动词，不能用于进时。
32.B。表示在过去某一动作之前一直在进行，并有可能继续下去的动作，要用过去完成进行时。
33.A。cook发生在didn’ t taste very good 之前，且与主语之间有被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
34.A。read 发生在the first time we met之时, 故用过去进行时。
35.B。动词wash, lock, sell, wear, write read, open, shut, clean等动词的主语是物，且又表示主语的特征或状态时，要用主动形式表示被动意义。
36.C。play 在came in 之前已完成，而do some reading 的动作则即将开始。
37.C。will／shall ＋v.表示临时的决定，而be going to 表示已决定或安排要做的事。
38.B。would ／ should like ＋ to have done表示过去未曾实现的愿望，故“未受邀请”应用一般过去时的被动语态。
39.B。by 后跟将来的时间状语时，主句要用将来完成时。go without 意为“在缺……的情况下对付”。
40.D。all but one 主语是all，且all在此指人，故谓语动词用复数；take place 属不及物动词短语，无被动语态；be about to后面不能跟具体的时间状语。
41.C。由对话情景可知，“周游世界”是现在正在进行的动作，而“实现”是到说话时为止已完成的动作；come true不能用于被动语态。
42.A。询问到说话时为止一段时间内某动作是否发生，要用现在完成时。
43.D。hear 发生在talked这一过去动作之前；never是含有否定意义的副词，放在句首时，句子应用倒装语序。
44.B。be用于进行时可表示一个暂时的特点或表现。What they are up to相当于What they are doing。
45.D。根据目前迹象判断将要发生的动作用be going to；if only 意为“但愿”，其后的句子用虚拟语气。
46.A。由these three years可知应选现在完成进行时，表示“写”从过去一直延续至今，并有可能继续下去；“写了40 篇”用现在完成时，表示到现在为止已完成的动作。
47.D。no sooner...than和hardly(scarcely)...when 均表示“一……就……”，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
48.C。宾语从句表示的是客观事实。
49.C。dream是从过去某时开始一延续到are woken up...and asked to report...这一现在动作之前的动作，故用现在完成进行时。
50.A。由What’ s the matter 和don’ t fit 可知，hurt是现在正在进行的动作。
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