定语从句要点回顾
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A Revision About Attributive Clause
定语从句要点回顾
I 定语从句的定义
在复合句中，修饰名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。如在课本中，（a）The man who lives next to us sells vegetable. (b) You must do everything that I can do. 斜体部分是先行词。黑体部分是定语从句。第一句中定语从句修饰的是“the man ”这个名词，而在第二句当中修饰的是“everything”这个代词。其中，“who”和“that”叫做关系代词。应到定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose 和关系副词where, when, why. 同时“as”也经常充当关系代词，引导定语从句。
II 关系代词that, which, who(whom)引导的定语从句(基本例句见课本)
1，其中that, who(whom)，都可以指人，那么他们在指人时有什么区别呢。[本条记忆技巧：用who 不用 that 的情况 “there be” “one，ones，anyone，nobody, those ” 被分割。***那里有(there)很多万(one)被那些人(those)分割。]
<1>先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody 等词时，用who不用that,例如：The one who knows me well is Tom.
<2>在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词是人，用 who不用that, 例：
A new teacher will come who will teach you German.
在本句中，先行词“teacher”和修饰限定它的从句 “who will teach you German ” 分离，所以我们用 who 不用 that。
<3>先行词为“there be”结构的主语时，例如
There is a man who wants to see you.
在本句子当中a man是There is a man 这句当中的主语，所以用who不用that
2其中，that 和 which 都可以指物，它们在指物时的区别：
(1) 用that不用which
<1>先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词,all, every, little, no, any, much, the only, the very, the last 等修饰时，例如：
I have read all the books that you gave me.
<2>先行词为all, few, nothing, everything, little, much 等不定代词时：
He did all that he could do to help us.
<3>主语以who或which开头时
Who is the man that just called you just now?
<4>关系代词在从句中做表语时
China is not the country that is was.
<5>既指人又指物时
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
2, 先行词表示物时, 用which不用that 的情况
<1> 引导非限制性定语从句时,例如:
She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth.
<2>当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如:
He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.
在上一例句中,引导词 “which”作了介词 “in”的宾语,所以不可以用 “that”代替.
III由whose， when， where why 等引导的定语从句可参考课本内容。这里简单介绍一下非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句，从意义上来说，是对主语的补充说明，从结构上来看，先行词和定语从句之间用逗号隔开，He makes great progress in his English learning which makes his mother very happy.
IV 关于as
(1) 在一些结构，如“such …as” “the same…as” “as…as”等结构中，定语从句的引导词经常要用到as，例如
This is not such a book as I expected.
(2) the same as和the same that 的区别。例句：
This is the same tool as I used last time.
This is the same tool that I used last time.
在例句中，第一句的意思是这个工具和我上次用的一样，但是第二句的意思是这就是我上次用的工具
(3) as 和which 的比较
相同点：两者都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词都可以是整个句子，都可以在从句中做主语，宾语表语。
不同点<1>as 引导的从句可以放在句首和句尾，而which 引导的从句只可放在句尾。
<2>另外which 还有正如、正象的意思。
As Marx pointed out, labor created man himself.
当先行词，虽然表示时间地点，但是引导词在从句中不是做状语时，而是做宾语时，不能用when, where引导，而只能用that, which 等引导。比较以下两个句字：
I will never forget the days when I first went to Beijing .
I will never forget the days that (which) we spent together.

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