人教版 高三Unit 14 Zoology 知识点
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Unit 14 Zoology
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Warming up
1. Match the words above with the humorous definitions below.
match vt./vi. 与。。。相配，与。。。相同，将。。。配对
The doors were painted blue to match the walls. 门漆成了兰色，为的是与墙的颜色相配。
None of these glasses match. 这些杯子没有能配对儿的。
As a couple they are not very well matched作为夫妻他们并不十分般配。
The teams were evenly matched. 各队水平旗鼓相当。
n. 火柴，比赛，敌手，旗鼓相当的人，般配的人或物，相同的东西
I was no match for him at tennis. 打网球我不是他的对手。
I was his match at tennis. 打网球我跟他旗鼓相当。
The curtains and carpet are a good match. 窗帘和地毯非常相配。
Jo and Ian are a perfect match for each other. 乔和伊恩真是天造地设的一对儿。
2. 区别 match, suit , fit
Match 多指大小，颜色，形状，性质等方面搭配。
Suit 多指合乎需要，口味，性格，条件，地位等。
Fit 多指大小，形状合适。
如：The People’s Great Wall and Historical Museum match the Tian’anmen beautifully.
No dish suits all tastes. 没有人人都合口味的菜。
The new coats fits me well. 这件新衣服我穿着大小正合适。
3. get hold of 抓住
引申：catch/get/lay/seize/keep hold of 抓住，握住，捕捉，获得
Lose hold of 松手放走。
Hold back 拦阻，阻挡, 隐瞒；抑制，控制情感等； 踌躇
Hold off 延迟，推迟
Hold on 等一下，坚持，挺住
Hold out 维持，坚持，伸处手
Hold up 阻碍，举出例子，提出。。。为榜样。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
4. take turns doing 轮流做某事
take turns (in sth / to do sth) 依次。轮流
The male and female birds take turns in sitting on the eggs. 雄鸟和雌鸟轮流伏窝。
We take it in turns to do the housework. 我们轮流做家务。
in turn 依次，轮流，相应地，转而
The children called out their names in turn. 孩子们依次报出自己的名字。
Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits.增加生产会继而增加利润。
By turns adv. 轮流, 交替
Beneath her external calm, she raged and felt frightened by turns.
Reading
1. Among the different kinds of bee, it is the honey-bee that has interested scientists most because of the “language ” they use to communicate with each other.
强调句的一些练习：
(1) 以一般疑问句出现
Was ___ that I saw last night at the concert?
A if you B not you C you D that yourself
答案是A.
(2) 以特殊疑问句形式出现
____ is it ____ has made Peter ___ he is today?
A What; that; that B That; that ; what C What; what; that D What; that ; what
答案是D.
(3) 以名词性从句形式出现
I’ve already forgotten ____ you put the dictionary.
A that it was there B where was it that C that where it was D where it was that
答案是D.
(4) 与定语从句相结合
It was in the lab ____ was taken charge of by Professor Harris _________ they did the experiment.
 A which ; that B that; what C whom; that D which; where
答案是A.
(5) 与not ..until 句型结合
It was not until it got dark that I left.
另外，注意与有it 的定语从句相区别：
It was midnight when he came back.
It was at midnight that he came back.
2. He built a transparent wall through which he could observe what went on inside.
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Go on 的用法：
vi. 向前进行
We were all tired, so we couldn’t go on.我们都精疲力尽，无法前进。
继续 (go on doing sth, go on with sth go on to do ）
I couldn’t finish my homework so I have to go on with it.
He went on working without taking a rest.
Time is limited, so let’s go on to the next subject. 时间有限，我们进入下一个主题吧。
（事件等）发生
It sounds as if there is a fight going on upstairs. 楼上好象有人打架。
(时间) 经过，过去
As the days went on it grew colder. 日子一天天过去， 天气越来越冷。
3. observe vt. 观察, 观测, 遵守, （搭配：observe sb do/doing sth）
observe the speed limit; 遵守速度限制；
observe a child's behavior. 观察一个孩子的行为
One must observe the rules. 我们(任何人)必须遵守规则。
4. In order to tell the bees apart, he painted some bees with little dots of color.
Tell apart 识别，辨别 如：
The twins are so much alike that we can hardly tell them apart. 这对双胞胎太象了，我们几乎分不出来谁是谁。
5. perform vt. 履行, 执行, 表演, 演出
perform one's duties 尽责任
perform a play 演一出戏
The doctor performed the operation. 医生进行手术。
You should always perform what you promise. 你应永远履行你的诺言。
6. They trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movements.
Troop 用法n. [常用复]军队, 部队 一群; 大量; 许多;
a troop of students on a field trip; 一群郊游的学生；
the enemy troops have been driven out of the country. 敌军被赶出了国土。
vi. 一组成群结队地走, 排队前进 (along, in, out, to)
They trooped away to the football game. 他们成群地去看足球。
The students trooped into the auditorium. 学生们列队走入大礼堂。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
7. They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was.
The +形容词/副词比较级。。。， the +形容词/副词比较级， 意思是越。。。就越
The higher we stand, the farther we see. 站得越高，看得越远。
The sooner you do it, the better it will be. 越早越好。
8. So another astonishing fact came to light. 于是又发现了另外一个令人惊讶的的情况。
Come to light 被人知道（发现）
New facts about ancient Egypt have recently come to light. 最近有一些关于古代埃及的事实被发现了。
9. beeline 直线 （搭配：make a beeline for ）
The late boy made a beeline for his classroom. 迟到的男孩抄捷径跑去上课。
10. 高考中考查比较级的重要句型
　　考点说明：比较级有许多热点句型：from bad to worse/worse and worse(每况愈下)；more and more (越来越多的，越来越……)；the +比较级，the+比较级(越……越……)； to make the matter worse/what's worse/worse than all/worse than ever (更糟糕的是)等。
　　典型题例：
　　1.________the temperature, ________ water turns into steam.
A. The high; the fast B. Higher; faster 　　
C. The more higher; the faster 　　D. The higher; the faster
　　析：分析语境逻辑可知，两空白处表示"越……，越……"。
　　2. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, ________. (NMET2001上海)
　　A. our holiday will be better 　　B. our holiday will be the better
　　C. the better our holiday will be　　D. the better will our holiday be
　　析：该句后半句表示我们走得越远，假期过得越好。
　　3. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn,________. (NMET2002上海)
　　A. the more for life are you equipped 　　B. the more equipped for life you are
　　C. the more life you are equipped for 　　D. you are equipped the more for life
　　析：该句后半句表示你学得越多，对生活越适应。
方法揭秘：分析语境含义和句子结构看是否符合"the+比较级，the+比较级"句型的需要。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
11. adequate adj. 适当的, 足够的
We took adequate food for the holiday. 我们为假期带足食品。
The supply is not adequate to the demand. 供不应求。
the issue of how to provide adequate child care. 如何提供适当的儿童护理的难题
To be healthy one must have an adequate diet. 一个人想要健康,必须有足够的规定饮食。
12. clarify vt. 澄清 ，阐明
clarify matters 澄清真相
clarify one's position 澄清某人的立场
clarify butter. 使奶油纯净
clarify the mind. 理清想法
Even the professor couldn't clarify the knotty point. 甚至教授也无法解决这个棘手问题。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Integrating skills
1. notably adv. 显著地, 特别地
Many members are notably absent from the meeting. 学多会员很明显未出席会议。
Many members were absent, notably the vice-chairman. 许多会员缺席，尤其是副主席。
2. it ;that; one 做替代词的用法
1）it 代替的是前面提到的同一事物。所代的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。
如： he cast his net for the first time, and drew in the body of an animal. 他撒第一网的时候打上来的是一头动物的尸体。
Hibernations is more than sleep. It is a very deep sleep. 冬眠不同于睡觉，它是一种更深沉的睡眠。
2）one 或ones 代替前面提到同名事物中任何一个。 其前面可以有冠词。 还可以被this, that, 或形容词修饰，后面可以有定语。
The population problem may be the greatest one of the world today. 人口问题可能是世界最大问题。
Which jacket is yours? The white one.
3) that 代替前面提到的名词中特指的事物，可以指代可数名词或不可数名词。
The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school.
The weather of this week is worse than that of last week.
The quality of iron produced in your factory is better than that in their factory.
4) 如果前面提到的名词是复数名词，则用they , them. Ones, those 代替。
What’s in these cups? ---There is some tea in them.
He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light one.
Those weren’t the right men, professor.
5) it 和that可以代替前面整个句子。而one 不能。
---We’ll try our best to catch them. ---It’s not necessary, sir.
Dr Brown said they had talked about my invention. But that was not possible.
6) 间或it 可以先出现， 用来代替后面分句中的某一名词或整个分句的意思， 而 one that 不能。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
3. upright adj. 垂直的, 竖式的, 正直的, 诚实的, 合乎正道的
an upright man 正直的人
walk upright. 双脚直立行走
an upright column. 竖直的柱子。
Put the bottle upright, not on its side. 把瓶子放直，不要歪着放。
4. While 用法
while 表示让步，通常位于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。又如：
While I agree with your reasons, I can’t allow it. 尽管我同意你的理由，但我不允许你这样做。
 While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对学生们很严格。
While 其他用法归纳如下：
1）引导时间状语从句，意思是“当。。。的时候，和。。。同时”。从句中谓语通常是延续性动词。
如：Mary watched TV while she ate her supper. 玛丽边吃饭边看电视。
While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她听着收音机睡着了。
2）表示对比或转折，意思是“而，然而”。此时，while 一般谓语句中。 如：
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 有人浪费粮食，而有人却吃不饱。
高考相关：
I do every single bit of housework ____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A since B while C when D as
答案是B.
5. except , except for, except that, except when
All came except Jane.
except for 例句：
He is a good man except for hot temper.
And now it's almost finished, except for one last job.
Except for Governmental action, there will be no increase in the cost of your holiday.
except that例句
You'd have thought they were best friends or something, except that girls don't have proper friends the way boys do.
I'm of medium height, fairly well-built except that my breasts are rather small.
except when例句
There is a very real danger that Venetian churches will be forced to close to the public except when services are being conducted.
But I've never been able to write except when I was stone cold sober.
6. conduct vt. 进行 引导， 带领， 牵引 指挥 导（电） 表现 处理， 经营， 实施
conduct both domestic and foreign affairs 搞国内外事务
conduct an experiment 做实验
conduct a survey 进行侦察
conduct an opera 指挥乐曲
conduct oneself in a most gracious manner 表现得极为温文尔雅
conduct one's private affairs 处理私事
Curator conducted the visitors round the museum. 馆长领着游客们在博物馆中参观。
Copper conducts electricity better than other materials. 铜导电比其它材料好。
He conducts himself well. 他行为端正。

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