(湘教版)初二英语Topic 2 You must wash your hands before meals

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Grammar focus
1. 情态动词must / must not 的用法
2. 掌握动名词或不定式做主语的句型
Section A
1. I watched a soccer game on TV last night.
我昨天晚上在电视上看了场足球赛。
watch用于看电视、看球赛、看戏、看话剧等。如:
He likes watching TV.
他喜欢看电视。
We watched a play in the theater yesterday.
我们昨天在剧院看了一个话剧。
2. I see. 我明白了。
此句为地道的口语,在这里see不翻译为“看见”,而是指“理解、领会,明白”。如:Let me see. 让我想想。
3. Staying up late is bad for your health.
熬夜对你身体不好。
staying up late 动名词做主语,当动词做主语时,用动名词或动词不定式,谓语动词用第三人称单数,如:
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。
Washing hands before meals is good for our health.
饭前洗手对我们的健康有好处。
4. If I have a headache, what should I do?
如果我头疼,我该怎么办?
if引导的是条件状语从句,如果主句是一般将来时,从句就用一般现在时态。如:
If it rains tomorrow, we won’t play basketball.
如果明天下雨,我们就不打篮球了。
If he comes tomorrow, he will have a good time.
如果他明天来,他会玩得很开心。
回答时,用You should (/ shouldn’t)…. / You’d better (not)….
5. Is going to bed early good or bad for your health?
早睡对你的健康有益还是有害呢?
这是一个选择疑问句,由or连接的两个一般疑问句构成的,当or后面部分与前面的句法作用相同时,常用省略结构。不能用yes或no回答,要直接作具体答复。本句中动名词短语going to bed early 是主语。如:
Do you like football or basketball? -I like basketball.
你喜欢足球还是篮球? 我喜欢篮球。
Section B
1. Breakfast gives you energy for the morning.
早餐给你上午活动补充能量。 energy不可数名词
2. Walking is good exercise and it is necessary for good health.
散步是很好的锻炼,锻炼是身体健康必不可少的。
exercise作为“锻炼”时,是不可数名词,但在某些情况下,为可数名词,要用复数形式。如morning exercises早操,eye exercises眼保健操。be necessary for…对于…来说是必不可少的,如:Air is necessary for our life.
空气对于我们的生活来说是必不可少的。
3. Drink at least eight cups of water every day.
每天至少喝8杯水。
at least “至少”
A child must sleep at least eight hours a day.
小孩每天必须至少睡八小时。
4. It will keep you active in the daytime.
它(早睡早起)将使你在白天保持旺盛的精力。
keep +宾语+宾外(动ing / 动ed /adj 形/ adv 副/ prep介)
使…继续处于某种状态。如:
You kept me waiting for a long time.
你让我等了这么久。
They must keep their eyes closed.
他们必须闭着眼睛。
You’d better keep the child away from the fire.
你最好让孩子离火远点。
in the daytime = in the day 在白天
5. You must not throw litter about.
不准到处乱扔垃圾。
否定句中must not 译为“不准”、“不允许”、“禁止”,多用于上级对下级的要求,或是某种明文规定,规章制度,表明了说话人或规章制度的权威性。about在这里是“凌乱地”、“四处”、“到处”的意思。如:I just want to walk about. 我只是想四处走走。
Section C
1. We may have more than one headache each month.
我们每个月可能有一次以上的头疼。
more than超过,多于,相当于over,对应的less than少于…
There are more than 80 students in our class.
在我们班上有80多名学生。
The river is over four metres deep.
这条河有4米多深。
2. You may get a headache when you can’t get enough sleep.
当你不能得到充分的睡眠时,你可能会头疼。
when you can’t get enough sleep是时间状语从句,when(当,在…时),引导的从句可用瞬间动词,也可用延续性动词(后者相当于while),与主句所表述的动作可有先后,也可同时。如:
He went home when he had finished his homework.
他做完作业后回家去了。
He was listening to music when (while)he was doing his homework.
他一边做作业,一边听音乐。
注意:while正当(正在)…时,用于表示同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴相随而发生两同类动作相对比的主从句中,如:I was reading while my brother was drawing.
enough 足够的,形容词放在enough 前,名词放在enough 前面或后面。如:足够好good enough,足够的水enough water.
Do you have enough time? = Do you have time enough?
你的时间够用吗?
3. If you have headaches often, you need to see a doctor.
如果你经常头疼,你就需要看医生。
need to do “需要做某事”,need +n.(名)/ pron. (代)需要…
例如:We need to wear warm clothes in winter.
在冬天我们需要穿保暖的衣服。
We need your help.
我们需要你的帮助。
We need you.
我们需要你。
拓展:need doing 有被动含义。
如:这个课桌需要修理。This desk needs repairing.
我们的教室需要打扫。Our classroom needs cleaning now.
need doing 可以与need to be +过去分词互换。
如:This desk needs to be repaired.
Our classroom needs to be cleaned.
4. We can get into the human body and cause diseases.
我们可以进入人类的身体里引起疾病。
through across past的用法
(1)through 与in有关,有在其中“穿过、通过”之意。
如指穿过某个空间、场所、时间等。
如:I can see it through this hole.
我能从这个洞口看见它。
(2)across含义与on有关,有“横过”之意,如过马路、过桥。
如:Be careful when you go across the road.
过马路时要小心。
(3)past含义是指“从…旁边过去”,另外还有“几点过几分”之意。
如:
He runs past me.他从我旁边跑过去。
It’s half past nine.九点半了。
Section D
1. As we know, food gives us energy.
众所周知,食物给我们能量。
2. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat.
我们应该吃更多的水果和蔬菜,少吃肉。
more是many, much 的比较级,为“更多的”的意思,在这里修饰fruit 和vegetables.
less是little的比较级,意为“更少的”,修饰meat.
如:
We should drink more water when we have a cold.
当我们感冒时,应该喝更多的水。
We’ll spend less time and do more work.
我们要花更少的时间,做更多的工作。
3. Different food helps us in different ways.
不同的食物在不同的方面帮助我们。
different food“不同的食物”,food是不可数名词,不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数。如:
Milk is good for our health.
牛奶对我们的健康有好处。
The snow makes me stay at home.
雪使我不得不呆在家里。
Grammar focus:
情态动词must的用法。
1. must 的形式
must肯定式,must not 否定式,mustn’t缩略否定式。
注:现在美国英语中往往用must not替换mustn’t。
2. must的用法
(1)must意为“必须、必要”,表义务、劝告,可用于肯定句和疑问句。
如:You must take care of your parents.
你必须照顾好你的父母。(表义务)
You must take more exercise.
你必须多锻炼(表劝告)。
(2)“must be + 表语”表猜测,它的否定或疑问形式用can代替。
如:This must be your pen.
这一定是你的钢笔。
This can not be your pen.
这不可能是你的钢笔。
(3)mustn’t 否定形式,表“不许、严禁”。在回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn’t,而要用can’t或don’t have to, needn’t 回答。如:
You must not play on the street.
你不许在街上玩耍。
Must I go now?
我必须现在走吗?
Yes, you must.(肯定回答)
No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. / No, you can’t. (否定回答)
【模拟试题】(答题时间:30分钟)
I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. _______(learn)English is very useful.
2. _______(not walk)on the lawn.
3. Headaches can often make you _______.(忧虑)
4. You need _______(see)a doctor.
5. Germs cause _______.(疾病)
6. We should keep the air clean and _______.(新鲜)
7. A poor choice of food can make us _______.(不健康)
8. Food _______(give)us energy.
9. Germs can get into the human body_______(通过)the skin.
10. Doing morning exercises_______(be)good for your health.
II. 句型转换:
1. Eating too little is bad for your health. (改为同义句)
Eating too little _______ for your health.
2. Don’t talk loudly in class.(改为同义句)
Students _____________ loudly in class.
3. It will snow tomorrow. We will make snowmen.(改为含条件状语从句的复合句)
If it _________ tomorrow, we __________ snowmen.
4. Breakfast gives you energy for the morning. (变为一般疑问句)
______ breakfast ______ you energy for the morning?
5. We should drink at least eight cups of water every day. (就划线部分提问)
_______________ of water _______ we drink every day?
III. 选择填空:
1. You don’t ______ if you feel unhappy.
A. need to come B. need come C. needs come D. need comes
2. It’s quite early. We _______ worry about the time.
A. must not B. may not C. don’t have to D. can’t
3. We will stay at home if it _______ next week.
A. rain B. rains C. is raining D. will rain
4. Thank you for _______ to my party.
A. come B. comes C. coming D. to come
5. The teacher made the students ________ the room.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleans D. cleaning
6. This room is ________, but it doesn’t have _______.
A. enough big, enough windows B. big enough, window enough
C. enough big, windows enough D. big enough, enough windows
7. Have a glass of water, please. You _______ be thirsty after a long walk.
A. can B. must C. should D. have to
8. You ______ read in strong sunlight.
A. should B. may C. must D. must not
9. ______ is good for our health.
A. Play sports B. Play sport C. Playing sport D. Playing sports
10. What about _______ to the park?
A. to go B. go C. going D. went

【试题答案】
I. 1. Learning 2. Don’t walk 3. worried
4. to see 5. diseases 6. fresh
7. unhealthy 8. gives 9. through
10. is
II. 1. isn’t good 2. must not talk 3. snows, will make
4. Does, give 5. How many cups, should
III. 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B
6. D 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C

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