语法教案:形容词和副词 |
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分类说明 形容词和副词是高考中的主要考点,命题的范围常为下列情况: 形容词一般用来说明事物的性质、状态或特征,在句子中一般用作定语、表语、补足 语,有时也可作状语。 1.形容词作定语时,须注意形容词的位置。 单个形容词作定语时,一般位于所修饰的名词或代词之前;但有些形容词,如:awake,alone,asleep等表语形容词作定语时,表示长、宽、高、年龄的形容词,修饰长度单位词或年数单位词时以及修饰由some,any,every,no和body,one,thing等构成的不定代词时,一般放在所修饰词之后;也还有些形容词,如:enough,nearby等作定语时,既可位于所修饰的名词之前,也可位于所修饰的名词之后,意思不变;还有些形容词,如:proper,present,select等作定语时,位于所修饰的词的前后意思不同。 多个形容词作定语时,形容词的排列顺序为: 总括性形容词(all/both)+限制性形容词(指示代词/形容词性物主代词/冠词)+数词(序数词/基数词)+感官(描绘性)形容词+大小+形状+年龄/新旧+颜色+产地+材料+目的/用途/类别+名词或代词。 为了方便记忆:可用一句顺口溜来概括:总县(限)官,大行(形)令(龄),杀(色)国才(材),目的用途名词前。 如:all the first three good little young Chinese student writers(所有首批三位个子矮小年轻优秀的中国学生作家) such位于不定冠词a/an之前,位于no,some,many,few,one,two等数词之后。 形容词短语作定语时,一般要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。 …如:students brave enough to take this adventure course/students busy preparing for the final exams。 2•副词一般用来描述动作或修饰形容词、副词或整个句子,一般在句中作状语;但也有少数副词,如地点方位副词在句子中可作定语或表语,不过地点方位副词作定语修饰名词或代词时总是位于所修饰的名词或代词之后,如:the people u;stairs. 特别值得注意的是:the/this/that/these/those/one’s +very作定语修饰名词的情况。 3.注意同根副词的情况,如:close/closely;hard/hardy;high/highly等; 4.注意形式是副词实际上是形容词的情况,如:friendly,lively。lovely等: 5.注意副词充当连词的情况,如:immediately,directly,constantly等: 6.注意形容词、副词的比较级.最高级的形式和应用。 (1)比较级+than+名词/代词(确定名词或代词的格) (2)比较级+and+比较级 (3)the+比较级,the+比较级 (4)(not)as/so+原级+as (5)否定词+比较级:最高级 (6)the+比较级+n./a+比较级+n. (7)倍数的表示: A.数词+ times +as+原级+as B.数词+times+比较级+than C.数词+times +the +size/weight/length/width of (8)最高级+in/of+范围 7.从语境人手,辨析形容词的意义和用法区别。 回放真题 真题1(2004甘肃、青海卷32) A.After all B.As a result C.In other words D.As usual 【答案及解析】 A 选项A意为“毕竟,”表示尊重客观事实;B表示“结果”;C表示“换句话说”;D表示“像往常那样”。根据句子意思,答案选A,意思是:虽然人们对她看法不一,但“我”还是佩服她,因为她毕竟是个伟大的音乐家。 真题2(2004甘肃、青海卷33) Lizzie was ________to see her friend off at the airport. A.a little more than sad B.more than a little sad C.sad more than a little D.a little more sad than 【答案及解析】 B从比较级的结构上,可看出选项C、D错误,应予以排除;根据句子的意义,选项A(与其悲伤,倒不如有一点)意思不完整;因此答案选B,more表示程度。句子的意思是:Lizzie在机场给朋友送别时有些悲伤。 真题3(2004甘肃、青海卷34) If you can’t come tomorrow,we’ll ______have to hold the meeting next week. A.yet B.even C.rather D.just 【答案及解析】 D选项A的意思是:然而,而又,也,还;B是:甚至;C是:相反地,更确切地,颇,相当;D是:就,正好,刚好。根据句子意思:如果你明天不能来,那么会议就推迟到下周召开。故答案选D。 真题4(2004重庆卷33) The husband gave his wife ________every mob山in order to please her. A.all half his income B.his half all income C.half his all income D.all his half income 【答案及解析】 A考查多个形容词作定语的排序。总括性形容词a11/both/no要放在最前面,而half一般要放在冠词或形容词性物主代词之前。据此,答案选A。 真题5(2004广东卷24) It is ________any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much. A.no B.such C.nearly D.hardly 【答案及解析】 D根据any可排除选项B、C;选项A与any暗含重复,no=not any/a,也应排除,故正确答案选D。 真题6(2004广东卷29) Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ________much to do. A.such B.that C.more D.very 【答案及解析】 B such虽修饰名词和代词,但当代词是many,much,few,little时,应用so修饰,故排除A;根据句子的意思.不存在比较,且比较时,more与much的顺序错误,从而排除C;选项B中that=SO暗含“一种起码的量”;选项D暗含“虽然不很多,但还是有那么多”。根据句意,答案选B。 真题7(2004广东卷31) The great success of this programme has been ________due to the support given by the local businessmen. A.rather B.very C.quickly D.1argely 【答案及解析】 D选项A表示某种超出了人们能接受的程度;选项B只能修饰形容词或副词,而不能修饰动词;选项C表示行动的敏捷;选项D表示一个大的范围或方面。根据句子的意思,答案选D,意思是:这个项目之所以取得成功.在很大的程度上是由于当地商人的支持。 真题8(2004福建卷26) I’d like to buy a house modern,comfortable,and __________in a quiet neighborhood. A.in a11 B.above all C.after all D.at a11 【答案及解析】 B选项A的意思是:总计,共计;B的意思是:首先.最重要的是;C的意思是:毕竟,终究;19的意思是:根本,全然(一般用于否定句中)。根据句子的意思,答案选B。 真题9(2004福建卷29) The number of people present at the concert was ________than expected.There were many tickets left. A.much smaller B.much more C.much larger D.many more 【答案及解析】A根据英语表示数字的大小的习惯,排除选项B、D;根据下many tickets left的意思,答案选A。 真题10(2004辽宁卷22) John Smith,a successful businessman,has a _________car. A.1arge German white B.1arge white German C.white large German D.German large white 【答案及解析】 B多个形容词作定语时的位置关系,请看分类说明中的解释(总限观,大形龄,色国材,目的用途名词前)。而large表大小,white表颜色,German表国籍。 真题11(2004浙江卷21) The winter of 1990 was extremely bad.________ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives. A.At last B.In fact C.In a word D.As a result 真题12(2004浙江卷24) ________students are required to take part in the boat race. A.Ten strong young Chinese B.Ten Chinese strong young C.Chinese ten young strong D.Young strong ten Chinese 【答案及解析】 A多个形容词作定语的位置关系请参看前面的分类说明。ten(数词,表限制),strong(描绘性形容词,感官),young(年龄),Chinese(国籍),由此,答案选A。 真题13(2004江苏卷32) The ________ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years. A.1ittle white wooden B.1ittle wooden white C.white wooden little D.wooden white little 【答案及解析】 A本题考查多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序排列。答案为A。 真题14(2004广西卷29) When we plan our vacation,mother often offers ________suggestions. A.careful B.practical C.effective D.acceptable 【答案及解析】 B practical:切合实际的。全句意为:当我们计划我们的假日时,妈妈常提出切合实际的建议。故B为正确答案。 真题15(全国[河南、河北、山东、福建]35) I don’t mind picking up your things from the store.________,the walk will do me good. A.Sooner or later B.Still C.In time D.Besides 【答案及解析】D本题主要考查副词及插入语。选项A强调时间,意思是:迟早;选项B强调持续,意思是:仍然,依然;选项C意思是:及时,总有一天,终于;选项D强调事物数量的增加,意思是:而且,还有。根据句子的意思,上句说了“我不介意”,而下旬讲的是“对我有好处”,显然是指事物的另一方面,故答案选D。 真题16(全国[河南、河北、山东、福建]33) Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ________she was getting. A.heavier B.heavy C.the heavier D.the heaviest 【答案及解析】 A根据语境,句子暗含一个比较状语,Mary一直称体重看比前一次重多少,much修饰比较级。 真题17(2004上海卷32) He speaks English well indeed,but of course not ________a native speaker. A.as fluent as B.more fluent than C.so fluently as D.much fluently than 【答案及解析】C but后是个省略句,可补充为:but of course he don’t speak _____a native speaker.由此可知,空里需要的是个能修饰动词的副词,故排除A、B。而D应该用比较级。故C为正确答案。 真题18(2004上海卷48) In _________Chinese culture,marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children. A.traditional B.historic C.remote D.initial 【答案及解析】 A traditional传统的;historic历史的;remote遥远的;initial最初的。由题意可知,A为正确答案。 真题19(2004上海卷51) Most people on this island are recreational fishers,and________,fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time. A.accidentally B.purposefully C.obviously D.formally 【答案及解析】 C accidentally偶然地;purposefully故意地;obviously明显地;formally正式地。由Most people可知,答案为C。 真题20(2004四川卷33) I must be getting fat--I can ________d0 my trousers up. A.fairly B.hardly C.nearly D.seldom 【答案及解析】 B此题考查副词的用法。选项B表“几乎不”;选项A意思是:相当,颇;C意思是:几乎、差不多;而D表不常做。根据前句must可知:此句表示推测,后句表示前句所推测的依据。那么,选项A、C、D均与句子意思不符。因此答案选B。意思是:我肯定发胖了,因为我的裤子几乎穿不进去了。 真题21(2004天津卷27) Mr. Smith used to smoke ________but he has given it up. A.seriously B.heavily C.badly D.hardly 【答案及解析】B选项A强调情况、问题的严重性或严肃性;B强调“量”多,次数频繁;C表示方式不好或情况严重;D表示程度差或次数少。根据连接词but,可排除选项A、C;再根据句意,故答案选B。 真题22(2004湖南卷27) Everyone Was on time for the meeting _________Chris,who’s usually ten minutes late for everything. A.but B.only C.even D.yet 【答案及解析】 C根据句子中的破折号,排除选项A;根据句子的意思,后一句是对前一句的补充,进一步强调是Everyone,因此答案选c。句子的意思是:所有的人都准时到会了——甚至连Chris这个做任何事都要迟到10分钟的人都准时来了。 真题23(2004湖南卷29) That doesn’t sound very frightening,Paul.I’ve seen ________.What did you like most about the film? A.better B.worse C.best D.worst 【答案及解析】B 这是一个省略句,根据上文,全句应该是:I’ve seen something ________.由此可见,本句是用形容词来修饰不定代词。上文的内容not very frightening显然是对Paul的安慰,接着提出了一个更可怕的事情,意思是:听起来,那还不很可怕,我见过更可怕的事情呢。 真题24(2004上海春季卷32) I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is ________than John. A.more efficiently a worker B.a more efficient worker C.more an efficient worker D.a worker more efficiently 【答案及解析】 B修饰名词worker应用形容词,efficient的比较级是more efficient。 真题25(2004上海春季卷34) _________,some famous scientists have the questions of being both careful and careless. A.Strangely enough B.Enough strangely C.Strange enough D.Enough strange 【答案及解析】 A作状语修饰句子时,用副词形式,排除c、D;enough修饰形容词、副词时,需放在所修饰的词的后面。 真题26(2003全国卷23) Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ________to carry all the way home. A.much too heavy B.too much heavy C.heavy too much D. too heavy much 【答案及解析】A考查副词修饰形容词。much可作形容词和副词,当作副词时不可修饰原级形容词,但可修饰副词too;作为副词的too则可修饰原级形容词,即much too+形容词“实在太……;非常……”。而too much“太多;过分”可修饰不可数名词、动词或单独使用作表语,两者意义大相径庭。该句用much too修饰heavy,构成too...to结构,故选A。译文:阙为箱子太重了,Mien难以一路搬回家,所以只好租了辆出租车。 真题27(2003北京卷32) Our neighbor has ________ours. A.as a big house as B.as big a house as C.the same big house as D.a house the same big as 【答案及解析】B本题考查as...as结构,前一个as是副词,用来修饰形容词;后一个as是连词,用来连接比较状语从句,其正确语序为as big a house as。另外注意:same在这里是形容词,不能修饰形容词或副词,所以C、D错误。 真题28(2003上海卷34) We were in ________when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. A.a rush so anxious B.a such anxious rush C.so an anxious rush D.such an anxious rush 【答案及解析】D so和such都有“如此”的意思,但so修饰形容词,正确词序是:so anxious a rush。such修饰名词,正确词序是:such all anxious rush。 真题29(2003北京春季卷30) --I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a ear cut in and knocked me down. --You can never be ________careful in the street. A.much B.very C.so D.too 【答案及解析】 D否定词not/no/never +too/enough结构表示“再怎么……也不过分”或“越……越好”。译文:在街上(骑自行车)你越小心越好。 真题30(2003北京春季卷33) --You don’t look very ________.Are you ill? --No,I’m just a bit tired. A.good B.well C.strong D.healthy 【答案及解析】 B从题意看,look在这里是系动词(看上去,看起来)后应加形容词,四个选项的词性均符合,但good是指人品好坏或东西好坏;strong则表示结实、强壮,与题意不符;healthy“健康的,健壮的”;well可作形容词和副词,作形容词时表示“健康的;气色好”,用于修饰人。 真题31(2003安徽春季卷26) Four of Robert’s children were at the party,including ________,Luke. A.the eldest B.an oldest one C.the old D.an old one 【答案及解析】 A三者或三者以上相比较用最高级,其形式为“the+形容词最高级”。 真题32(2003上海春季卷21) Many students signed up for the ________race in the sports meeting to be held next week. A.800-metre-long B.800-metres-long C.800 metre length D.800 metres length 【答案及解析】A长、宽、高及年龄等作定语修饰名词时位置可在前也可在后,在前面时要注意加连字符“.”,其中单位名词用单数,其形式为:数字一单位名称单数长、宽、高等。如放在后面,不用连字符,数词大于1要用复数。从题干看,800米远的比赛应为800-meter-long。 真题33(2003上海春季卷25) After supper she would sit down by the fire,sometimes for ________an hour,thinking of her young and happy days. A.as long as B.as soon as C.as much as D.as many as 【答案及解析】A as long as表示时间或物体的长度,或作连词,意思是“只要”:as soon as表示“……•就……”;as much as和as many as都表示数量多达……,但前者修饰不可数名词或表程度,而后者则修饰可数名词。 真题34(2002全国卷27) Boris has brains.in fact.I doubt whether anyone in the class has ________IQ. A.a high B.a higher C.the higher D.the highest 【答案及解析】 B have brains意思是“有头脑,有智慧”,根据上下文的意思,下文中的anyone in the class与上文中Boris进行比较,选项A不是比较级,而选项D是最高级,因此都应排除;选项C指两者中一个智商更高的人,与题意不符;选项B指三者或三者以上的人中一个智商更高的人,与题意相符。 真题35(2002北京卷26) All the people ________at the party were his supporters. A.present B.thankful C.interested D.important 【答案及解析】 A present作形容词的意思是“出席的,在场的”。通常用present at the party,present at the meeting。译文:参加聚会的人都是他的支持者。 真题36(2002北京卷30) It was raining heavily.Little Mary felt cold,so she stood ________to her mother. A.close B.closely C.closed D.closing 【答案及解析】A先根据动词的搭配关系,可排除c、D两个选项;选项A可作动词、形容词或副词,作副词时,意思是“近地,靠近,接近”;而选项B也是副词,它是由close +ly而来,意思是“亲密地,密切地”。再根据句子的意思,选出正确答案A。译文:天下着大雨,Little Mary感到很冷,所以她紧紧站在母亲身旁。 真题37(2002上海卷26) As far as I am concerned.education is about learning and the more you learn,_________ A.the more for life are you equipped B.the more equipped for life yon am C.the more life you are equipped for D.you are equipped the more for life 【答案及解析】 B从所提供的情境the more you learn,并结合所给的选项可以确定这是“the+形容词(副词)的比较级+陈述句,the+形容词(副词)的比较级+陈述句”句型,表示“越……越……”。译文:我认为,教育是关于学习的事,你学得越多,你对生活准备得就越充分。the more equipped for lm的意思是 “对生活有充分的准备”。 真题38(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷22) --I’m very ________with my own cooking.It looks nice and smells delicious. --Mm,it does have a ________smell. A.pleasant;pleased B.pleased;pleased C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant 【答案及解析】D pleased“感到高兴;感到满意”,常用来形容人,be pleased with sth;pleasant“令人愉快的”,常用来形容物,a pleasant smell“香味”。 真题39(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷34) Two middle—aged passengers fell into the sea._____,neither of them could swim. A.In fact B.Luckily C.Unfortunately D.Naturally 【答案及解析】 C in fact常用来表示与上文不相符的某件事;luckily常用来表示一种好的结果;unfortunately常用来表示一种不好的结果;naturally表示一种理所当然的结果。根据下文的意思,只有选项C正确。 真题40(2002上海春季卷39) Americans eat ________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A.more than twice B.as twice as many C.twice as many as D.more than twice as many 【答案及解析】 D不论哪种形式的比较级,其修饰词均应放在前面。More than twice表示数量,放在as…as结构前的意思是“是……的两倍多”。译文:美国人现在每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。 真题4l(2001全国卷28) It is generally believed that teaching is ________it is a science. A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an art as 【答案及解析】 D在as/so…as…结构中,第一个as/so是副词,后接形容同;第二个as是连接词,后接句子。其正确语序为as much an art as。译文:人们普遍相信,教学像科学一样是一门艺术。 真题42(2001上海卷26) In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go,__________. A.our holiday will be better B.our holiday will be the better C.the better our holiday will be D.the better will our holiday be 【答案及解析】C “the+比较级…,the+比较级...”的意思是“越……越……”。由于选项A、B和D的词序都不对,故排除。译文:近年来,旅游公司成功地向我们推销了这样一个观点:我们走得越远,我们的假期过得越好。 真题43(2001上海卷36) As I know,there is ________ car in this neighborhood. A.no such B.no a C.not such D.no such a 【答案及解析】A such与no,some,many,one,two等词连用时的顺序是:no,man),,one等词+such+名词。no等于not a,放在名词前修饰名词,表示否定。选项C若改为not such a就正确。译文:据我所知,周围没有这样的汽车。答案为A。 真题44(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷19) Many people have helped with canned food,however,the food bank needs ________for the poor. A.more B.much C.many D.most 【答案及解析】 A根据句意,很多人已在帮着提供罐装食品,however又告诉人们这还不够,意思是说:食品储库需要更多(不仅是canned food),因此要用比较级,more最合适。答案为A。 真题45(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷22) In that case,there is nothing you can do ________than wait. A.more B.other C.better D.any 【答案及解析】 B other than多用于否定词之后,等于except、but(表示所说的不包括在内)后边的动词为to do,如前面有do和nothing时,to省略。此句意是:在那种情况下,你除了等待别无它法。 真题46(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷23) I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) ________trick. A.ordinary B.easy C.smart D.simple 【答案及解析】D依句意,选出正确答案.应为“简单的”。从surprised可知因对方被如此简单的花招愚弄而感到吃惊。 真题47(2000全国卷8) ______to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A.Brave enough students B.Enough brave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave 【答案及解析】 C students为名词作主语。单个形容词作定语,则应放在名词的前面;较长的形容词短语修饰名词时~般要放在后面。enough为副词,放在形容词或副词的后面。 真题48(2000全国卷11) It’s always difficult being in a foreign country,________if you don’t speak the language. A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially 【答案及解析】D especially特别地。从句意看出应填especially,强调不会说那个国家的语言会感到更加困难。extremely极端地;naturally自然地;basically基本上。 真题49(2000全国卷16) If you want to change for a double room you’11 have to pay ________8 15. A.another B.other C,more D.each 【答案及解析】 A表示数量增加的结构有:another+数词+名词;数词+more/other+名词,意思是:另外,又有。another的意思是“再一,又……”。在一般情况下,another后接单数名词,但如果复数名词前有具体的数字,也可以和another连用。more放在数字前时,正确的形式是mole than,意思是“……多个”。答案为A。 真题50(2000上海卷34) You’re standing too near the camera.Can you move ________? A.a bit far B.a little farther C.a bit of farther D.a little far 【答案及解析】 B too near的意思是“太近了”,说话人的意图是让对方站得比这远一点,所以要用副词的比较级。译文:你站得太靠近镜头了。你能离远一点吗? a bit of后接名词。 |
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