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1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇）这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.（NMET2003.E篇）由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. （NMET2003.E篇）或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.（NMET2003.E篇）这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。 简析：关键词other than而不是。 5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. （NMET2003.D篇）这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。 简析：关键词term术语。 6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.（NMET2003.D篇)它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。 简析：比喻生动形象。 7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words.（NMET2003.D篇）大众传播媒介和政府白皮书（正式报告）在外国词传播过程中起重要作用。 简析：关键词the mass media and government white papers大众传播媒介和政府白皮书（正式报告）。 简析：关键词fans…爱好者，whether…or…，无论是…还是…。 9. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began. （NMET2003 .C篇）牛顿被证明是一位很有才华的科学家，他处于一个魔术终结科学开启的历史时期，他也有普通人所特有的弱点。 简析：夹杂两个定语从句。 10. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.（NMET2003.E篇）但对于所有这些以电子手段记录，贮存及传递的文本而言，许多文本仍要（打印）在纸上。 简析：关键词text文本；end up最后成为（处于）。 11.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals（ITA） in salt Lake City.（NMET2003.B篇）据盐湖城的ITA的观点，闪烁的棕色眼睛，摇着尾巴，并有无条件的爱心，狗能成为无判断力的（忠实的）听者，这是刚开始搞阅读的小孩所需要的。 简析：夹杂with构成的介词短语及过去分词短语。 12. The Salt Lake City public library is sold on the idea.（NMET2003.B篇）这家盐湖城公共图书馆接受这个观点。 简析：关键词sell on （to）使接受。 13. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. .（NMET2003.A篇）这个岛屿，于1506年被同名的葡萄牙上将发现，在1810年有人居住，现在属于英国，人口数有几百人。 简析：有两个过去分词短语作状语。 14. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.（NMET2003.A篇）他们已有一千多年与外界没有联系，这给他们充足的时间来修建1000多座巨大的石像，被称为莫艾，因为有这个东西这个岛屿极其出名。 简析：夹杂有现在分词短语，过去分词短语及定语从句。 15. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and they’re very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject. （NMET2002. E篇）我们的（生日）聚会针对两到十岁的小孩，它们互动感强，富有创新，因为它们能基于一个主题构建一种戏剧的氛围。 简析：关键词aim for 针对；in that 在于。 16. The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.（NMET2002. E篇）在这里叙述的这种筹备（生日）聚会的计划所带有的最重要的观点在于它能让父母和孩子的关系更加密切。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语及表语从句。 17.He had realized that the words: “one of six to eight”under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII’s sixwives.（NMET2002. D篇）他曾认识到那本书里第一幅图画下面的那些词“一、六、八”在某些方面将这个野兔和阿拉甘的凯撒英， 即亨利八世的六个妻子当中的第一个妻子，联系起来。 简析：夹杂宾语从句及过去分词短语。 18.Until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773. （NMET2002. D篇）直到有一天他在阿帕斯尔公园碰巧看见两个石制的十字架，他才懂得在1773年修建这两个十字架是为了向她表示敬意。 简析：关键词come across碰巧遇见，in one’s honor纪念某人。 19. It is Sue Townsend’s musical play, based on her best-selling book. （NMET2002. C篇）它是苏珊•汤森德的音乐剧本，根据她畅销的小说改编的。 简析：关键词best-selling 畅销的。 20. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food 简析：关键词count on 依赖。 21. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. （NMET2002. A篇） 地下发展的支持者说在地下搞建筑而不是在地上搞建筑是一种利用地球空间的办法。 简析：关键词rather than 而不是。 22. Those who could were likely to name a woman. （NMET2001. E篇）那些能够说出好朋友名字的单身男人，很有可能说出一个女人的名字。 简析：省略句who could （name a best friend ）承前省。 23. In general, women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men’s relationships are marked by shared activities. （NMET2001. E篇）一般来说，女人相互的友谊基于相互分享情感和支持，但男人间的关系以共同参与社会活动为特征。 简析：关键词rest on 依靠。 24.For the most part, interactions between men are emotionally controlled —a good fit with the social requirements of“manly behavior”.（NMET2001. E篇）就大部分而言，男人间的交往在感情上受控制，这与“男子汉气概” 的社会要求是相符合的。 简析：关键词for the most part就大部分而言。 25.Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.（NMET2001. E篇）一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻；而听见一个 男人说直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的。 简析：夹杂多种语法结构not unusual=usual； not…until…，直到…才…。 26. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. （NMET2001. D篇）1066年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上，住着属于两个主要语种的民族。 简析：倒装句，并含有定语从句及分词短语。 27. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.（NMET2001. D篇） 如果这种情况延续下去的话，那么今天的英语将和德语很相近。 简析：含虚拟语气。 28. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming. while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. （NMET2001. D篇）我们甚至对某些食物有不同的单词，特别是肉类，取决于它是长在田野里，还是在家里准备煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大吃大喝。 简析：含对比。 29. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does. （NMET2001. D篇）当美国人第一次游览欧洲时，他们通常发现德国比法国对他们来说更加“陌生”，因为他们在标牌和广告上看到的德语，比起法语更加不同于英语。 简析： 含比较级句型结构。 30. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising. （NMET2001. C篇）一些公司已经把洁净安全产品的生产当作他们主要的销售关键，并且在他们的广告宣传中强调这一点。 简析：make后接双宾语。 31. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure. （NMET2001. B 篇）在他们逗留之后，所有的游客都会收到一份生存证明记录他们的成功，也就是说当游客离开小冰屋旅馆时，他们会得到一份证明，表明他们曾尝试过冒险。 简析：含两个分词短语，关键词state表明。 32. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.（NMET2001. A篇）主要的市场因素取决于白领工人的人数增加，这些人付得起这种新型服务，换句话说，上海的汽车出租行业发展如此快，主要因为白领工人人数的增加。 简析：关键词rest in 依赖。 33. That you won’t be for long means it won’t be long before you’ll have to recycle your rubbish. （NMET2000. E篇）你不会等很长时间意味着过不了多久你就会回收你的垃圾。 简析：夹杂主语从句及宾语从句。 34. These words, I have just made up, have to stand for thing and ideas that we simply can’t think of. （NMET2000.D篇）这些词，是我编造的，只是代表我们不能想到的事物和观念。 简析：关键词make up 编造。 35. Picturing(Imagining) the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations. （NMET2000. D篇）设想未来有益于现在和将来的几代人。 简析：关键词picture活用为动词想象，设想。 36. Decision thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. （NMET2000. C 篇）做决策像打扑克牌，起作用的不但是你怎么想的，还包括别人对你的想法是怎么看的以及你对别人的看法是如何考虑的。 简析：含较复杂的句型结构not unlike=like not only…but also…不仅…而且… 37. The easy way out isn’t always easiest..（NMET2000 B篇）解决问题容易的办法并非总是最容易的。 简析：关键词the way out 解决问题的办法。 38.The hot sun had caused the dough （面团） to double in size and the fermenting yeast（酵母） made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space. （NMET2000. B篇）炙热的太阳导致面团面积加倍，酵母使面团的表面摆晃叹息，似乎它在呼吸，它看上去像某种来自外部空间的无名生物。 简析：比喻形象生动。 39. After all, what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day? （NMET1999. E篇）毕竟，难道这些活泼可爱的孩子们不满足于半天搞普通教育的文化课，半天搞表演、唱歌、舞蹈等舞台训练吗 简析：反问句式，语气强烈 40. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day. （NMET1999. D篇）爸爸，急匆匆地在天黑之前赶回家，以便他能出去跑步，却忘记系安全带—这是75%的美国人每天犯的一个错误。 简析：关键词for a run去跑步。 41.The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary（周年）of president Nixon’s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations. （NMET1998.B篇）这次高峰会是为了纪念尼克松总统访华25周年，尼克松访华是中美关系的转折点。 简析：关键词mark 纪念。 42. Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. （NMET1997.A篇）很多问题是大学水平，这些小学生能够解答出来。 简析：关键词be of college level 大学水平，figure out解决，解答。 43. Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside Which stands a 160 –foot –tall Tree of Life.穿过屋顶矗立着太阳之塔，在里面有一棵160英尺高的生命之树。 简析：含有两个倒装句。 44. The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made.目前的问题是，很多人把其实只要付诸努力就能做到的事情看成是做不到的。 简析：consider后的宾语后置。 45. Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman punishment, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades.她受过重罚，而且有病，可她却这样愉快，这样充满了信心，这样用尽她所剩的力量来帮助其他同志。 简析：含有让步状语从句及形容词短语作状语。 46. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.如果他们从电视中的束缚中解脱出来，不得不自己安排活动，他们可能会全家驱车去看日落。 简析：含有两个过去分词短语。 47. I went around to the front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, I ached, And my father must have hurt, too, a little.我绕到房子的前面，坐在台阶上，哭了一阵之后，我感到阵阵心痛，我的父亲心里肯定也有一点不好受。 简析：动作描写，情真意切。 48. It covered the whole distance from broken –hearted misery to bursting happiness—too fast. 先是令人心碎的痛苦，继而是极度的喜悦，从一个极端到另一个极端—变换得实在太快了。 简析：比喻形象生动。 49.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.他禁不住寻思起来，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有条船，他用无线电能联系上的最近的人远在885英里以外的岛上。 简析：含虚拟语气。 阅读理解主题概括题解题技巧 在高考阅读理解中，主题概括类试题的考查占有十分重要的位置。掌握所读材料的主旨和大意也是《英语课程标准》和《考试说明》对考生的基本要求之一。只有通过阅读掌握了文章的主题，才能正确理解文章，进而根据文章的事实细节推测作者的态度和观点。 主题概括题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，我们可以分析出阅读理解主题概括类题目的一般范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度的概括或总结，属于高层次题。 拟题大致有以下一些提问方式： The text is mainly about ____. The main idea／The general idea／The main purpose is . What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? What would be the best title /headline for the text? This article mainly tells about the story of ____. What is the topic of the text? The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ____. The subject discussed in this text is ____. What does the second paragraph discuss? The paragraph (passage) deals with _____. Which of the following best summarizes the passage？ 从以上具体的提问形式可知此类题目可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的文章标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。 一、段落及文章整体的主题大意的理解 文章是由段落组成的，段落是发展一个主题（topic）的一群句子，段落的主题就是段落的中心思想。而就一整篇文章而言，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章主题。 主题句通常有这样的特点： ①有一个话题（topic）； ②有阐述控制性概念（controlling idea），通常在段落的首句或尾句，偶尔也可在一段的中间； ③有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要读者进一步加工概括了。 解这类试题应根据以下几个步骤，掌握此类题的解题技巧： 1. 寻找主题句，确定文章主题 在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主题概括类试题多采用浏览法（skimming），浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读文章的首段, 尾段或每段的首句和尾句,重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。 例 2004上海高考试题阅读C篇 We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it. Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed—no examination is perfect—but to have to tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in school or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the values and the purpose of each teacher. Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them—a form of favourtism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill—respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lake of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well—respected school. This defend of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child form a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school. The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer. 85. The passage mainly focuses on ___________. A. schools and certificates B. examination and equality C. opportunity and employment D. standards and reputation 主题分析 文章第一句We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.即点明文章的主题句：从正反两方面讨论考试作为一种升学就业的手段的公平性及其合理性。所以第85题答案为B“考试与公平”。 有些文章的主题句或者说“文眼”出现在文章的最后，此类文章往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳文章的主旨大意，所以有时要找出这样的信息，从中提炼标题或归纳大意。 2． 抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想 寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，考生们不能只依据只言片语、一枝一节，或光看文章的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排；理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”；考虑文章的组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的；分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么内容来表达中心的；最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。 例 2002北京春季B篇 There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power（原子能）． First，the radioactive material must travel from its place of production to the power station．Although the power stations themselves are strongly built，the containers used for the transport of the materials are not．Normally，only two methods of transport are in use，namely road or rail．Unfortunately，both of these may have an effect on the general public，since they are sure to pass near，or even through，heavily populated areas． Second，there is the problem of waste．All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years．It is impossible to make these wastes nonradioactive，and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented．For example，they may be buried under the ground，or dropped into deserted mines， or sunk in the sea．However，these methods do not solve the problem，since an earthquake could easily break the containers． Third，there may occur the danger of a leak（泄漏）or an explosion at the power station．As with the other two dangers，this is not very likely，so it does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear program．However，it can happen． Separately，these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry．Taken together， though，the probability of disaster（灾难）is extremely high． 64. What is the passage about？ A． Uses of nuclear power． B． Dangers from nuclear power． C． Public anger at nuclear power． D． Accidents caused by nuclear power． 主题分析 第一段点明全文主旨：There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power（原子能）.为文章的主题句。接着从三个方面论述主题：First…，Second…，Third…，段首第一句分别为各段的主题句，层次分明，结构清晰，最后一段作者进一步归纳全文大意：Dangers from nuclearpower。此题答案为B。 3． 抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心 要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了那几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。 例 NMET1999全国卷A篇51题 Tom Brennan was working in a Philadelphia office building when he noticed a black bag. The bag contained a book. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure——a 120-page diary kept 190 years age by Deborah Logan, “a woman who knew everybody in her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine American Libraries. Most of the diary is a record of big events in Philadelphia,It also includes a description of British soldiers burning Washington.D. C in the war of 1812.She describes President James Madison on horseback as “perfectly shaking with fear” during the troubled days. George Washington, she writes, mistook her for the wife of a French man， and praised her excellent English．The adventure of the lost book began September 4 when Cory Luxmoore arrived from England to deliver the diary of his ancestor(祖先)to the Library Company, which he and his wife considered to be the best home for the diary. Green told American Libraries he had the diary in his possession “about five minutes” when Luxmoore took it back because he had promised to show it to one other person. On returning to his hotel after showing the precious book to Green, Luxmoore was shocked to realize that he had left it in the taxi. Without any delay, Green began calling every taxi company in the city, with no luck, “I’ve felt sick since then, ” Luxmoore told reporters. According to Green， no one has yet learned how the diary came to the office building. Tom Brennan received a reward(奖励)of 1,000,Philadelphia gained another treasure for its history, and Luxmoore told reporters, “It’s wonderful news. I’m on high”. 51. This article mainly tells about the story of _____. A. A lost diary B. Deborah C. Cory Luxmoore D. The Library Company 主题分析 解题时必须首先理顺文章时间顺序： 1. Deborah Logan kept a 120-page diary 190 years ago. 2. Cory Luxmoore delivered the diary to the library Company. 3. James Green, the librarian, had the diary in his possession about five minutes. 4. Cory Luxmoore left the diary in the taxi. 5. Tom Brennan noticed a black bag， which contained a book (the diary). 从以上的时间顺序中，可以清楚地看到整个时间段内所发生的事情均与the diary有关，是贯穿全文的主线，故此题应选A。 二、 文章标题的选择或拟定 标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想的最精炼的表达形式。 文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小，恰如帽子，太大能遮太阳却也遮了眼睛，太小则发挥不了应起的作用且风一吹必跑；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？ 1. 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系； 2. 再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何； 3. 要注意题目是过大还是过小； 4.要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句子为： Coffee is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world． 话题：Coffee 控制性概念：is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world 标题：Coffee Around the World 例 2005北京B篇 Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows（肘）next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm. Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides, and workers use: ●power tools rather than having to use muscle（肌肉）power ●tools with specially designed handles that allow the wrist（手腕）to keep straight (See figure 1). This means that hands and wrists are kept in the same position as they would be if they were hanging relaxed at a person’s side Figure l. Bend the tool, not the wrist ●tools with handles that can be held comfortably by the whole hand. This means having a selection of sizes-remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm hold for a person with a very large hand may be awkward for someone with a very small hand. This is a particularly important consideration for women who may use tools originally designed for men. ●tools that do not press fingers (or flesh) between the handles, and whose handles do not have sharp edges or a small surface area. 60． What is the best title for the passage? A． Good Tool Design for Women. B． Importance of Good Tool Design. C． Tool Design and Prevention of Injuries. D． Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection. 主题分析 本文是一篇说明文，Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries.句首第一句先点明文章的主题，“工具的良好设计在防止伤害方面是非常重要的”。下面一段则分别说明了好的工具设计的几项标准。从此可知考题第60题答案为C。选项A和B对文章主题“概括不够”。选项D与主题无关。 有些文章像记叙文，主题思想不是通过一两句话就可以表达的。这时就需要通过阅读全文，抓关键字眼或主要话题来归纳文章主题。 例2005全国III卷A篇 Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to my house. No card came with it. Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all. After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender’s name and just delighted in the beautiful white flower in soft pink paper. But I never stopped imagining who the giver might be. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender. My mother encouraged these imaginings. She’d ask me if there was someone for whom I had done special kindness. Perhaps it was the old man across the street whose mail I’d delivered during the winter. As a girl, though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy I had run into. One month before my graduation, my father died. I felt so sad that I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance, and I didn’t care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother, in her own sadness, would not let me miss any of those things. She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia lovely, strong and perfect with perhaps a bit of mystery(神秘). My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenia stopped coming. 41． Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A． A childhood Dream. B． A Mother’s Love. C． A Graduation Party. D． A Special Birthday. 主题分析 本文写的是一位母亲在自己女儿成长的过程中以一种独特的方式——每年在女儿生日那天不署名送女儿一束栀子花来表达对女儿的爱。本篇围绕爱来展开，开头写暗送女儿栀子花，并鼓励女儿去想象美好。当女儿遇到挫折时，母亲鼓励女儿要坚强地勇敢地面对困难。以上这些关键事实充分说明了B项A Mother’s Love. 正确。 相关链接：高考复习指导 高考复习高考复习指导
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