语法复习十九：冠 词
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（一）考纲要求
考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。
（二）命题导向
冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。
（三）基本用法
当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。
1、定冠词的基本用法：
① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.
② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.
③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。
④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right.
⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest.
⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded.
⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.
⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.
⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths
⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.
⑾　发明物。如：The compass was invented in China.
⑿　年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.
　　⒀　固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time
2、不定冠词的基本用法：
① 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.
② 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.
③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.
④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。）
⑤ 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）
⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.
　　⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"）
　　⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word
3、不用冠词的情况：
① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）
② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.
③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.
⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?
⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?
⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.
⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。
练习（一）、冠 词
1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.
A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a
2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.
A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a
3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.
A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a
4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.
A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The
5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.
A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a
6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a
7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every
8. He was absent because he had caught ____.
A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold
9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a
10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.
A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a
11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.
A. a B. the C. another D. other
12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.
A. first B. a first C. second D. the second
13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a
14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.
A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995
15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the
16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a
17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.
A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s
18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller
19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.
A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano
20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.
A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead
21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.
A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the
22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.
A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, /
23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.
A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the
24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /
25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?
A. man B. the man C. a man D. men
26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./
27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That
28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.
A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a
29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a
30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.
A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day

练习（二）、冠 词
1. ---You mean you know the man? 　---I know________ man exactly like him.
　　 A. other 　 B. the 　 C. / 　 D. a
2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?
　　 A. a, / 　 B. the, / 　 C. a, the　 D. the, the
3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.
　---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.
　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, a 　 C. /, / 　 D. /, a
4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.
　　 A. a,/, the 　 B. a,/, / 　 C. the, the, the　 D. the, an, an
5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.
　　 A. the, the 　 B. the, / 　 C. the, a　 D. /, a
6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.
　　 A. /, / 　 B. his, his 　 C. the, the　 D. an, his
7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.
　　 A. the, / 　 B. /, / 　 C. /, a 　 D. the, the
8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower.
　　 A. a, the 　 B. a, / 　 C. the, a　 D. the, the
9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?
　　 A. the, the, the 　B. a, the, a 　 C. the, a, the　 D. the, the, a
10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.
　　 A. the, a 　 B. /, / 　 C. a, a　 D. /, a
11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.
　　 A. the, a 　 B. a, a 　 C. the, / 　 D. the, /
12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?
　---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?
　　 A. a, a 　 B. a, the 　 C. the, a 　 D. the, the
13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.
　　 A. /, / 　 B. the, the 　 C. a, / 　 D./, the
14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?
　---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.
　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, the 　 C. a, the　 D. the, a
15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.
　　 A. a, the, the 　 B. a,/,the 　 C. /,/,the 　 D. /,/,a
16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.
　　 A. an, a 　 B. /, the 　 C. the, a 　 D. the, /
17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?
　---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.
　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, a 　 C. a, / 　 D. the, /
18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.
　　 A. the, the 　 B. a, a 　 C. a, / 　 D. the, /
19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.
　　 A. the, a 　 B. /, the 　 C. /, / 　 D. the, /
20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning.
　　 A. /, a 　 B. the, / 　 C. /, the 　 D. the, the
21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. 　 ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.
　　 A. the dress 　 B. a dress 　 C. dress 　 D. the dresses
22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition? 　---Oh, it was ____ success.
　　 A. How, really a B. What, great 　 C. How, / 　 D. What, quite a
23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment.
　　 A. /,/,the 　 B. a,/,/ 　 C. a, the,/　 D. /,the, the
24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? 　　 ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.
　　 A. /, the, a 　 B. a, /, the 　 C. a, a, the 　 D. a, the, the
25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.
　　 A. /, / 　 B. /, a 　 C. the, / 　 D. /, the
26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.
　---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?
　　 A. a, the 　 B. the, a 　 C. the, the 　 D. a, a
27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.
　　 A. a, a 　 B. /, / 　 C. a, the 　 D. a, /
28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.
　　 A. a, the 　 B. a, / 　 C. the, an　 D. the, the
29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.
　　 A. /, / 　 B. a, a 　 C. the, /　 D. the, the
30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?
　---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question.
　　 A. the, the, / 　 B. the, the, a 　 C. /, the, a　 D. /, the, /
31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)
　　 A./;　 B. a　 C. the　 D. one
32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.
　　 A./;/　 B. the ; the　 C. the; /　 D./;the （ MET1991 11）
33. ---Where's jack ? ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.
　 A./; /　 B. the; the　 C. the; /　 D./; the （ MET1992 36）
34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.
　 A. the ; the　 B./; /　 C. the; /　 D./; the （MET 1993 19）
35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
　　 A. the; the　 B. the ; /　 C. a; /　 D. a ; the （NMET1994 20）
36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?
　　 A. a; /　B. the; /　C. a; the　D. the; the （NMET1994 23）
37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.
　　 A. a; /　 B. the; an　 C. the; the　 D./;the （NMET 1996 13）
38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.
　　 A. the ; /　 B. the; the　 C./; the　 D./; /（NMET 1999 8）
39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .
A.90s; their　 B. the 90s; /　 C.90s; / D. the 90s; their（1999.上海 6）
40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food.
　　 A. the; a　 B./; a　 C. the ; the　 D./; the (NMET2000 10)
41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.
　 ---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)
　　 A. a; the　 B. the; the　 C. the ; a　 D. a; a
42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny.
　　 A./; a　 B. the; /　 C./; /　 D. the ; the (2000.春招 8)
43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招 26)
　　 A. a; the　 B. the ;不填　 C. the; the　 D. was killing
44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)
　　 A./;the　 B./;an　 C. an; an　 D. the; the
45. ---I don't like_____New York at all. 　---But this isn't_____ New York you remember.
　　 A. the, the 　 B. /, the 　 C. the, / 　 D. /, a

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