语法复习十五：形容词和副词
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比较级和最高级及其使用
形容词的比较级和最高级
说 明 例 词
一般情况 加er, est smaller,smallest
以e 结尾 加r,st larger,largest
单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er ,est 以"辅音字母+y "结尾的词 改y为i，再加er,est busier,busiest
重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾辅音字母，加er,est fatter,fattest
以ow,er结尾的双音节词 加er ,est narrower,narrowest　　cleverer,clevest
多数双音节和多音节的词 加more most more beautiful,　　most important　　
　　
副词的比较级和最高级
　　1．大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。
　　2．少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。
　　几个特殊的形容词和副词
原级 比较级 最高级
good ,well better best
bad, ill, badly worse worst
many ,much more most
little less least
far farther, further farthest,further
old older, elder oldest, eldest
　
比较级和最高级的常用句型
名称 句型 例句
相等 as 原形 as 　　 (as 原形+名词 as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.　He has not as much money as his friend.
不及 not as(so) 原形 as 　　(not as[so ]+名词+原形 as ) She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.
比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.
超越 the +比较级+of the two　　两者中较… 的一个 He is the taller of the two.
用于否定 no +比较级+than 　　和…一样不 He is no richer than I.　　他和我一样不富有。
用于否定 最…不过 His work couldn't be worse.　　他的工作再糟糕不过了。
程度递增 er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越…) higher and higher more and more important
两种情况同时变化 the +比较级，the+比较级　　（越…，越…） The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave.
三者或三者以上比较 the +最高级+of/in+比较范围　　（…之中最…） Of all things in the world, people are the precious.
　　
比较级结构的修饰语
　　1．用于原级之前：
　　almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.
　　John is almost as tall as you.
　　The river is three times as long as that one.
　　We have a third as many students as we had last term.
　　2．用于比较级前
　　many, a few (用于"more +可数名词"前)
　　It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.
　　a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.
　　It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.
　　We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.
　　3．用于形容词和最高级前
　　the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second
　　This hat is by far the largest in the world.
　　Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .
位置与功能
高考重点要求
　　1．掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法
　　2．掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。
　　3．注意多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。
　　4．分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。
　　此项语法内容从1991年到达2001年间共出现45次（包括上海题），可见其重要。
　　形容词作用与位置
　　1．定语。
　　在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。
　　"县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：
　　限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）
　　an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella
　　做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。
　　2．表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。
　　常见系动词有：be
　　变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go
　　保持系词： keep ,remain, stay
　　感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.
　　3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。
　　He went to bed , cold and hungry.
　　 4.做宾补。
　　N：①某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。
　　afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive
　　②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语
　　well, ill faint
　　③某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。
　　friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。
　　④复合形容词的形式问题。
　　an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man
　　副词
　　位置
　　1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。
　　They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.
　　2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点
　　always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之 后。
　　He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.
　　3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough除外）
　　He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.
　　N:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。
　　closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。
　　以ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。
　　He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)
　　He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飞得高，具有可见性）
练习、形容词和副词
高考题选：
1. John has three sisters. Mary is the ___ of the three. (MET88)
　　 A. most cleverest 　　B. more clever 　　C. cleverest 　　D. cleverer
2. The students are___ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88)
　　 A. most 　　B. almost 　　C. mostly 　　D. at most
3. She told us ___story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88)
　　 A. such an interesting 　　B. such interesting a
　　 C. so an interesting 　　D. a so interesting
4. It is impossible for so___ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88)
　　 A. few, much 　　B. few, many 　　C. little, much 　　D. little, many
5. The horse is getting old and can't run ___ it did. (MET88)
　　 A. as faster as 　　B. so fast than 　　C. so fast as 　　D. as fast as
6. The story sounds___ . (MET89)
　　 A. to be true 　　B. as true 　　C. being true 　　D. true
7. I'd been expecting ___ letters the whole morning, but there weren't ___ for me. (MET89)
　　 A. some; any 　　B. many; a few 　　C. some; one 　　D. a few; none
8. This year they have produced ___ grain ___ they did last year. (MET89)
　　 A. as less; as 　　B. as few; as 　　C. less; than 　　D. fewer; than
9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90)
　　 A. as twice many 　　B. as many twice
　　 C. twice as many 　　D. twice many as
10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but______ . (MET90)
　　 A. cheaper; not as better 　　B. more cheaper; not as better
　　 C. cheaper; not as good 　　D. more cheap; not as good
11. ---Can I help you?
　　 　---Well, I'm afraid the box is___ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90)
　　 A. so 　　B. much 　　C. very 　　D. too
12.---Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office?
　　 　---I'm sorry, but Mr. Brown ___ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90)
　　 A. not now 　　B. no more 　　C. not still 　　D. no longer
13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ___ money and ___ people. (MET90)
　　 A. less; less 　　B. fewer; fewer 　　C. less; fewer 　　D. fewer; less
14. Oh, John. ___ you gave me! (MET90)
　　 A. How a pleasant surprise 　　B. How pleasant surprise
　　 C. What a pleasant surprise 　　D. What pleasant surprise
15. ---How did you find your visit to museum?
　　 　---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ___ than I expected. (MET91)
　　 A. far more interesting 　　B. even much interesting
　　 C. so more interesting 　　D. a lot much interesting
16. Canada is larger than ___ country in Asia. (NMET91)
　　 A. any 　　B. any other 　　C. other 　　D. another
17. Those oranges taste___ . (MET91)
　　 A. good 　　B. well 　　C. to be good 　　D. to be well
18. The experiment was ___ easier than we had expected. (NMET91)
　　 A. more 　　B. much more 　　C. much 　　D. more much
19. ___ food you've cooked! (NMET91 )
　　 A. How a nice 　　B. What a nice
　　 C. How nice 　　D. What nice
20. Go and get your coat. It's ___ you left it. (MET92)
　　 A. there 　　B. where 　　C. there where 　　D. where there
21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes___ . (MET92)
　　 A. open 　　B. to be opened 　　C. to open 　　D. opening
22. ---Are you feeling ___?
　　　---Yes, I' m fine now. (NMET92)
　　 A. any well 　　B. any better 　　C. quite good 　　D. quite better
23. Which is___ country, Canada or Australia? (MET92)
　　 A. a large 　　B. larger 　　C. a larger 　　D. the larger
24. ---Will you give this message to Mr. White, please?
　　 　---Sorry, I can't. He ___. (MET92)
　　 A. doesn't any more work here 　　B. doesn't any longer here work
　　 C. doesn't work any more here 　　D. doesn't work here any longer
25. How can you finish the drawing? (MET92)
　　 A. often 　　B. soon 　　C. long 　　D. rapid
26. ___ terrible weather we've been having these days! (MET92)
　　 A. How a 　　B. What a 　　C. How 　　D. What
27. It takes a long time to go there by train. It's___ by road.　　 (MET93)
　　 A. quick 　　B. the quickest 　　C. much quick 　　D. quicker
28. ___ from Beijing to London! (MET93)
　　 A. How long way it is 　　B. What a long way is it
　　 C. How long way is it 　　D. What a long way it is
29. She doesn't speak___ her friends, but her written work is excellent. (MET93)
　　 A. as well as 　　B. as often as 　　C. so much as 　　D. as good as
30. ---Mum, I think I'm___ to get back to school.
　　 　---Not really, My dear. You'd better stay at home for another day or two. (NMET93)
　　 A. so well 　　B. so good 　　C. well enough 　　D. good enough
31. ---If you don't like the red coat, take the blue one.
　　 　---OK, but do you have size___ in blue? This one's a bit tight for me. (NMET93)
　　 A. a big 　　B. a bigger 　　C. the big 　　D. the bigger
32. John plays footbal___ , if not better than, Davi. (NMET94)
　　 A. as well 　　B. as well as 　　C. so well 　　D. so well as
33. We all write___ ,even when there's net much to say. (NMET94)
　　 A. now and then 　　B. by and by 　　C. step by step 　　D. more or less
34. ---Do you remember ___ he came?
　　 　---Yes I do, he came by car. (NMET94)
　　 A. how 　　B. when 　　C. that 　　D. if
35. If there were no examinations, we should have ___at school. (NMET94)
　　 A. the happiest time 　　B. a more happier time
　　 C. much happiest time 　　D. a much happier time
36. ---Have you finished your report yet?
　　 　---No, I'll finish in___ ten minutes. (NMET95)
　　 A. another 　　B. other 　　C. more 　　D. less
37. ---I'd like ___ information about the management of your hotel, please.
　　 　---Well, you could have ___ word with the manager. He might be helpful. (NMET95)
　　 A. some; a 　　B. an; some 　　C. some; some 　　D. an; a
38. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,___ great it is. (NMET95)
　　 A. what 　　B. how 　　C. however 　　D. whatever
39. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____. (NMET96)
　　 A. badly 　　B. hardly 　　C. strongly 　　D. heavily
40. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ___. (NMET96)
　　 A. the better voice 　　B. a good voice
　　 C. the best voice 　　 D. a better voice
41. Tony is going camping with ___ boys. (NMET93)
　　 A. little two other 　　B. two little other
　　 C. two other little 　　D. little other two
42. ---How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (NMET95)
　　 ---It was great. We visited some friends, and spent ___the days at the seaside.
　　 A. few last sunny 　　B. last few sunny
　　 C. last sunny few 　　D. few sunny last
43. Can you believe that in ___ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (MET95)
　　 A. such; such 　　B. such; so 　　C. so; so 　　D. so; such
44. Wait till you are more___ .It's better to be sure than sorry. (NMET97)
　　 A. inspired 　　B. satisfied 　　C. calm 　　D. certain
45. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ___ known for his plays. (NMET98)
　　 A. the best 　　B. more 　　C. better 　　D. the most
46.___ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (NMET2000 )
　　 A. Brave enough students 　　B. Enough brave students
　　 C. Students brave enough 　　D. Students enough brave
47. It's always difficult being in a foreign country, ___ if you don't speak the language. (NMET2000 )
　　 A. extremely 　　B. naturally 　　C. basically 　　D. especially
48. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) ___ trick. (2001 春招)
　　 A. ordinary 　　B. easy 　　C. smart 　　D. simple
49. It is generally believed that teaching is___ it is a science. (NMET2001)
　　 A. an art much as 　　B. much an art as
　　 C. as an art much as 　　D. as much an art as
50.---I'm very ___with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
　　 ---Mm, it does have a ___smell. (2002春招)
　　 A. pleasant; pleased 　　B. pleased; pleased
　　 C. pleasant; pleasant 　　D. pleased; pleasant
51.Boris has brains. In fact ,I doubt whether anyone in the class has ___IQ.
　　A. a high 　　B. a higher 　　C. the higher 　　D. the highest

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