英语一轮复习讲稿Units 3&4, Book I
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广德二中2006届高考总复习
I. 词汇
A. 单词：consider; means; board; destination; experience; equipment; paddle; normal; excitement; similarity; particular; combine; scare; disaster; seize; drag; struggle; fight; shake; stair; strike; destroy; fear; opportunity; article; agent; touch; naughty
B. 短语：get away from; watch out; protect sb./sth. from; see sb. off; on the other hand; as well as; at the same time; for pleasure; make money; take place; on fire; pull sb. up; get on one’s feet; go through; on holiday; worry about; come on; up and down
II. 重点精讲
A. 重点单词
1. consider: 作“考虑；细想”解时，后接名词、-ing形式或宾语从句。作“当作；当成；认为”解时，后接含有as的介词短语或to be复合宾语。
Eg. Have you considered changing your job?
We considered him (to be/as) our best friend.
2. means: 作“方法；手段；工具；能力”解时，单数和复数相同。
相关归纳：（1）by all means可以；当然行；没问题；务必；尽一切办法
Eg. —Do you mind if I have a look? —By all means.
By all means, I would like to see you this evening!无论如何，……
（2）by no means决不；一点也不
Eg. —Am I wrong? —No, by no means.
（3）by means of用；依靠
Eg. We can express our feelings by means of words.
（4）by this means通过这种方式
3. experience: （1）作“（一次）经历；体验”解时，是可数名词；作“经验”解时，是不可数名词。 （2）作及物动词时，意为“经历；经受；遭受；体验”
4. popular: 作形容词，主要义项有：流行的；受欢迎的；受喜爱的；通俗的；大众的
注意：表示“受某人的欢迎”，只能用be popular with sb.不能用be popular by sb.
Eg. She is very popular with the students.
5. however: 主要有两个义项：（1）然而，可是；仍然。作此义项时，其显著特点是与逗号连用。（2）无论多么；不管多么。通常与形容词或副词连用，引导让步状语从句。
Eg. However carefully I explained, she still didn’t understand.
6. once:（1）连词，主要义项为：一……就；一旦；当……时候。（2）副词，主要义项为：一次；曾经；曾；根本。
注：once引导的状语从句中，要用一般现在时来表示将来的动作。②
Eg. Once you show any fear, he will attack you.
相关归纳：（1）all at once突然；骤然；忽然；一起；同时
Eg. All at once she lost her temper.
I can’t do everything all at once —you’ll have to be patient.
（2）at once立即，马上；同时（3）once more(=once again)再一次；再次（4）once or twice一两次；几次（5）once in a while偶尔（6）once upon a time从前（7）Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
7. protect: 主要义项有：保护；防护。
常见结构：protect sb./sth. from; protect sb. against
Eg. He was wearing sun-glasses to protect his eyes from the sun.
It’s soldiers’ duty to protect our country against attack.
A. 重点短语
1. at the same time：同时；一齐；但是；然而；不过
相关归纳：（1）at all times总是；随时；永远
（2）at the best of times即使在最好的情况下
Eg. He’s never very happy at the best of times—he’ll be much worse now!
（3）at a time每次；逐一；依次（4）at times有时；间或
1. see sb. off为……送行；送别；赶走；驱逐（某人）；（在游戏、战斗等活动中）打败；击败
2. not at all：可以用在否定句中，意思是“根本不，一点也不”；也可单独使用，特别是在答语中，意思是“一点也不，没关系，不用谢”。
相关归纳：at all到底；真的；竟然。可用于肯定句及疑问句，起强调作用，常带有较强的感情色彩。
4. find out了解（情况）；打听；发现；查出（坏人）；识破
B. 必背句型
1. reason结构：reason后接定语从句，如果reason在定语从句中作宾语，定语从句应由关系代词that（可省略）引导，否则应由why引导。
Eg. Do you know the reason why he was absent today?
He was absent today. The reason (that) he gave was that his mother was ill.
相关归纳：（1）“the reason for+名词/动名词”表示“……的理由/原因”
Eg. Do you know the reason for his being absent today?
（2）汉语中的“原因是因为……”，在英语中要用“The reason is that…”来表达，不可以用“The reason is because…”,也就是说，reason后的表语从句应由that引导。
Eg. The reason why he was absent today was that he was ill.
2. unless引导的状语从句
（1）注意unless的否定含义：unless=if not;
Eg. We’ll go for a picnic this weekend unless it rains.
（2）注意unless引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。③
Eg. You won’t get paid for time off unless you have a doctor’s note.
3. so的替代作用：so表示“这样，如此”时，可用来替代整个句子或某一情况的全部，常与think, expect, hope, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等动词及形容词afraid连用。
相关归纳：把suppose so, think so, imagine so等结构变为否定式有两种方法：可用动词的否定结构，或用not替代so。
3. must的推测性用法：must可以用于对肯定或有把握的事情或情况表示推测，意思是“必定，准是，很可能”。
（1）must +do表示对现在情况的推测。
（2）must +have done表示对过去情况的推测。
（3）must +be doing表示对正在发生的动作或将要发生的动作的推测。
相关归纳：（1）表示否定推测只能用can’t，不能用mustn’t。
（2）情态动词can和must表示推测时，其反意疑问句不能用情态动词，必须去掉情态动词之后在句子本来意义的基础上进行反问。如：He must have seen the film.可以理解为He has seen the film.,所以反意疑问句用hasn’t he?。He must have seen the film yesterday.可理解为He saw the film yesterday.,所以反意疑问句用didn’t he?。
III. 疑难突破
1. beat, hit, strike
（1）beat表示有目的的在某物上连续不断地打，可以是轻打，也可以是重打。beat还可以表示在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方。
（2）hit着重指打中或击中这一结果，强调敲打或击中对方的某一点。
（3）strike指用力地“击打”，表示短暂的动作，含有急速地或突然地一次性殴打、打击或敲击，有时与hit通用，可以用于比喻意义。
Exercise:
(1) The put a piece of wet paper on top of the characters and ______ it lightly.
(2) The stone ______ him on the head.
(3) When we heard our team _____ the Japanese team, we ______ the drums gladly.
(4) ______ while the iron is hot.
(5) When I got home, the clock was ______ seven.
2. but, however, while
（1）but是连词，连接两个并列的成分或句子，在意义上构成对比，语气比较强。
（2）however（然而、尽管）作副词时的显著特点是与逗号不可分：置于句首，其后用逗号；置于句中，前后用逗号；置于句末，其前用逗号；however还可引导状语从句，意思是“不管怎样”。
（3）while可以用作连词，连接并列句，表示对两种情况或两个动作的对比，意思是“可是；……而”。
Exercise:
(1) I like computer games, ______ I have no time to play.
(2) It’s raining hard. _____, I think we should go out.
(3) He said that it was so; he was mistaken, _____.
(4) She listened to me closely _____ he read something.
(5) _____ hard it may be, do it best.
(6) The girls are dancing _____ the boys are singing.
3. instead, instead of
instead of取代；而不。其用法相当于介词，常用在名词、副词、形容词、代词、介词短语或动名词之前。Instead是副词，不能接任何词。
1. catch(take) fire, be on fire, put out fire, be out, set sth. on fire
（1）catch/take fire意为“着火”，强调动作，主语为燃烧物。
（2）be on fire意为“着火；在燃烧”，表示状态，主语为燃烧物。
（3）put out fire意为“扑灭火”，表示动作，强调结果，主语为灭火的人。
（4）be out意为“火灭”，表示状态，主语为fire。
（5）set sth. on fire=set fire to sth.意为“放火烧……”，主语为放火的人。
Exercise:
Yesterday evening a shop near our school ____ for some reason. When the firefighters arrived, it ____ for about twenty minutes. They tried their best to _____. And at last the fire _____. The police thought someone _____ the shop _____ and now they are trying to find out who _____ it.
2. wear, dress, put on, have on, in, be dressed in, pull on, with
（1）强调动作：sb. dress sb./oneself；sb. put on(衣服、鞋、帽等)；sb. pull on(衣服、鞋、帽等)
（2）强调状态：sb. wear(衣服、鞋、帽、手套、眼镜、头发、胡须等，还可接颜色)；sb. have on(衣服、鞋、帽、手套等)；sb. be in(颜色、衣服)；sb. be dressed in(颜色、衣服)
（3）其他用法：pull on表示不经心地、随随便便或匆匆忙忙地穿/戴上。wear可用于进行时，有时可用wearing作状语或定语。have on不可用于进行时，也不可用现在分词作状语或定语。in除了同be连用作表语外，还可单独作定语。dress还可用作不及物动词，指“日常的穿着”。With只能接眼镜、手套等，用作定语。
Exercise:
(1) She got up late, so she _____ her clothes and went to school in a hurry.
(2) She is _____ a new skirt today. She looks more beautiful.
](3) He is going out. He is _____ an overcoat.
(4) The nurses are all _____ in white.
(1) She _____ her son and sent him to school. Then she _____ herself in a coat and went to work. She always _____ well.
(2) When a person is born, he/she _____ nothing _____. When he/she dies, he/she carries nothing away.
(3) When did you get the shoes you _____ yesterday?
(4) She likes to _____ black (clothes).
(5) The girl _____ red is our monitor.
(6) The woman teacher _____ glasses is your new English teacher.
6. fight for, fight against, fight with
（1）fight for意为“为……而战；为争取……而战”。
（2）fight against接事物名词，意为“为反对……而斗争”。接人或国家名词，意思是“为……战斗”。
（3）fight with意为“与……（并肩）战斗”或“与……战斗”（=fight against）。
Exercise:
(1) Two dogs fight _____ a bone, and a third run away with it.
(2) They are fighting _____ better working conditions.
(3) They were fighting _____ the enemy to gain their freedom.
(4) They fought _____ the Italians in the last war and against them in this.

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