英语一轮复习讲稿Units 21&22, Book I
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广德二中2006届高考总复习
I. 词汇
A. 单词：unfair; customer; avoid; suitcase; manage; fold; vary; crazy; part; firm; handshake; bow; fist; bend; tap; gently; anger; useless; occur; focus; specific; amusement; souvenir; attraction; collection; castle; minority; cartoon; thrill; educate; conversation; coastal; divide; section; shuttle; butterfly; injury; rocket; helicopter; carve; achievement; civilization; prevent; handbag; twist; darkness; imagination; designer; endless
B. 短语：ahead of; give sb. a hand; get through; tear down; hold up; make a face; in order; cut off; tell the truth; take turns; stare at; a variety of
II. 重点精讲
A. 重点单词
1. manage：用作动词,主要义项有：经营；管理；（同义词：operate）；操纵；对付；设法做成；设法维持。名词：management经营；管理；处理；操作；manager经理。
注意：比较manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.设法做成某事；
Eg. He managed to organize a live concert.= He succeed in organizing a live concert.
try to do sth.表示尽力做某事，但不知道最终的结果；try doing sth.试图做某事；attempt to do尽力做。
2. occur：occur用作不及物动词，主要有以下义项：发生；（念头、想法等）想起；浮现；出现；存在。occur to sb.= come into sb’s mind想起，想到
Eg. An idea has occurred to me.
也可以使用句型：It occurs to sb. that…
Eg. It occurred to me that we should go there more often.
注意：下列动词或短语都有“发生”的意思，并且都是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态：happen, take place, break out, come about。
3. prevent：用作动词，表示“妨碍；阻碍；防止；预防”的意思。其常用结构有：prevent sth. 和prevent sb. (from) doing sth.。
Eg. We should do our best to prevent accidents.
Their prompt actions prevented the fire from spreading.
注意：下列动词的结构相同：prevent…from…；stop…from…；keep…from…。但是keep…from…中的from不能省略。短语keep…doing的意思为“使某人一直做”。在被动语态中，以上短语中的介词from都不能省略。
4. avoid：用作及物动词，主要义项有：逃避；避免；回避。可以跟名词、代词或v.ing形式作宾语。
Eg. The car turned to the left to avoid a collision.
I tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me.
avoidable adj.可避免的；avoidance n.逃避；回避。
注意比较：fail to do sth.没有（没能）做成某事。
Eg. Never fail to write to me.
miss doing错过做……；躲过。
Eg. I missed buying the May number of the magazine.
escape doing逃离（灾难）。
Eg. He escaped being punished.
B. 重点短语
1. take turns：轮流, 依次
相关归纳：（1）by turns轮流=take turns at doing sth.
Eg. They laughed and cried by turns.
（2）It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
Eg. It’s your turn to sing.
（3）in turn(s)轮流；依次；按顺序
Eg. They sang on the stage in turn.
（4）on the turn在转变
Eg. Their opinions are on the turn.
（5）out of turn不按顺序；次序混乱
Eg. Please don’t speak out of turn.
（6）serve one’s turn适合自己的需要
Eg. I think this book will serve my turn.
注意以上短语中turn的单复数形式。
2. get through：到达, 做完, 通过, 度过, 打通
相关归纳：（1）get across：过……的时候（不用被动语态）；与……沟通
Eg. I just can’t get across to him.
（2）get along设法度过；相处（和with连用）；进展（和with连用）
Eg. We’ll get along without that much money somehow.
How are you getting along with your work?
（3）get away离开
Eg. I’m afraid I can’t get away from the meeting.
（4）get down下来
Eg. The kitten climbed the tree and couldn’t get down.
（5）get down to开始做（to为介词）
Eg. He got down to business immediately he sat at the desk.
注意：（1）go through with/get through (with) = finish；（2）go through和get through在表示“通过”时，不用被动语态。
3. hold up：举起, 支撑, 继续下去, 阻挡, 拦截
相关归纳：（1）hold back：缩回；制止；隐藏
Eg. You must be holding something back from me.
（2）hold off使……保持距离；拖延
Eg. Hold off for a minute.
（3）hold on继续；坚持；不挂断（电话）；固定
Eg. The storm held on all night.
（4）hold on to抓住；执著于；固守
Eg. The little girl held on to the tail of his coat.
（5）hold out伸出；维持
Eg. Our food supplies won’t hold out long.
（6）catch/get/lay//seize/take hold of抓住
Eg. He was caught hold of by the arm.
C. 必背句型
1. as to的句型结构：比较as to和so as to的区别。（1）so as to后面跟动词不定式，相当于in order to，表示“为了……”的意思。（2）as to后面跟名词、短语和从句，在wh-从句、短语前的as to常可省略。
Eg. As to money, he is indifferent.至于钱，他漠不关心。
III. 疑难突破
1. divide, separate
divide vi.&vt.分开；分成……份。常构成短语：divide… into…“把……分成几份”；divide up分开。
separate v.分离；分手；隔开。常构成短语：separate…from…“把……和……分开”。adj.分开的；各自的。
Exercises:
(1). He _____ the apple into half.
(2). He _____ the profits with his partners.
(3). She _____ her spare time between reading books and walking.
(4). We talked until midnight and then _____.
(5). As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my friends.
(6). England is _____ from France by the Channel.
(7). He decided to _____ the large house into flats.
2. injure, harm, wound, hurt
四个动词都有“受伤”的意思，但侧重点不同。
injure意义较广，着重指偶然事故对人的“损害”。be slightly/seriously/badly injured受伤很轻/很严重/很重。injury n.
harm可以用于动词和名词，“伤害；危害”指精神上或物质上的危害；对……有害。短语：do harm to sb./do sb. harm对某人有危害。
wound可用于动词和名词。主要指暴力或战争中时所受的伤，如刀伤、枪伤。也可用于对人的感情、名誉等的伤害。
hurt主要用于有生命的东西，多指肉体方面的伤害，常伴有痛感。作借喻时指对精神或感情方面的伤害。
Exercises:
(1). Tom fell down from the tree and _____ his legs.
(2). Smoking will _____ your health.
(3). She’s afraid that he would _____ the child.
(4). I _____ my eyes by reading in dim light.
(5). He got _____ in the war.
(6). He fell off the bike and _____ his arm.
(7). He didn’t want to _____ her feelings.

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