单项选择题中的"经验型"错误分析
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　　高三英语高考前的复习过程中，要对学生进行单项选择题的专项训练。做题过程中，对于一部分题，若从原有的知识经验出发，机械地套用老方法，按某种固定的思路去思考问题，即做题时产生了负效应的定势思维，必然会犯"经验型"的错误，从而误选答案。
　　现行的高考命题者在设计选择填空题时，为了加大试题区分度，往往加入一些干扰成分，也为"经验型"错误提供了前提，使考生轻易误入所设置的"陷阱"中。
　　下面笔者联系高考题及复习过程中所遇到的一些典型题例，对"经验型"错误作些具体的分析。
1.Who did the teacher have ___ an article for the wall newspaper just now?
　　A. written 　　　　B. writing 　　　　C. write 　　　　D. to write
　　析：此题易误选A，受have的影响。其实此处所用句型为have sb.do sth不妨把who换为tom，利用还原句子结构的方法变为肯定句：The teacher had Tom write an article for the wall newspaper just now.因此，答案应选C。
2.The wonderful time they had been looking forward ____ at last.
　　A. to arrive 　　　B. to arrived 　　 C. to arriving 　D. should arrive
　　析：此题迷惑选项为C，因受look forward to doing的影响，但此题主语为the wonderful time，后面they have been looking forward to 为定语从句，分析句子结构，找出句子的主干The wonderful time arrived at last.不难发现正确答案应为B.
3.I'm examining the composition he has just finished ____ the possible mistakes in it.
　　A.correcting 　　　B.to correct 　　　C.corrected 　　　D.correct
　　析：易误选A，因为习惯思维finish 后接doing. 但从句he has just finished为定语从句。答案选B，动词不定式作目的状语。
4.I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ____.(NMET97)
　　A.everything 　　　B.anything 　　　　C.something 　　　D.nothing
　　析：受否定句影响，迷惑选项为B.此题语境性极强，第一句中"most of what you said"为关键点，"你说的大部分我都同意，但并不是所有的我都同意"。因此，考查的是部分否定，答案为A。
再如：---The exam was easy , wasn't it ?
　　　---Yes , but I don't think_____ could pass it
　　A. somebody 　　　　B. anybody 　　　　C. nobody 　　　　D. everybody
　　不难选出答案为D
5.The doctor did what he could _____ the patient.
　　A. save 　　　　　　B. saving 　　　　　C. to save 　　　D. to be saved
　　析：此题could后省略了do，因而是目的状语，正确答案为C。而非情态动词could后跟动词原形，因此迷惑项为A。
6.The young man spent as much time as he _____ over his lessons.
　　A. went 　　　　　　B. can go 　　　　　C. could going 　D. could to go
　　析：此题句型与上题差不多，除考查理解句子结构的能力外，还考查了动词短语spend some time(in)doing sth的用法，所以答案为C。
7.The doctor asked the patient to lie down ____ and breathe deeply.
　　A. flat 　　　　　　B. flatly 　　　　　C. to be flat 　　D. to be flatly
　　析：此处修饰动词lie down，易误选B。但副词作状语一般不表结果和状态，而形容词作状语则有此功能，如die young , get home safe, marry early , lie awake等。因而答案为A.
8.He was so angry at all _____ she was doing _____ he walked out.
　　A. what,that 　　　 B.that,that 　　　　C.that,which 　　D.what,as
　　析：此题关键短语be angry at sth.因此all后的she was doing为定语从句，修饰all.第二个空考查so...that...答案为B
9. --- What do you think made Mary so upset ?
　 --- ____ her new bicycle. （97年上海高考题）
　　A. As she lost 　　 B. Lost 　　　　　　C. Losing 　　　D. Because of losing.
　　析：此题迷惑项为D，这是犯了Chinglish之错，问句中的 what只能用动名词短语Losing her new bicycle来代替。答案B为过去分词不作主语，答案A不构成主语从句。若将答语补充完整，全句为Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.因此缺少主语，正确答案为C.
10.--- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day ?
　 --- ____ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.(上海99年高考题)
　　A. Get 　　　　　　　B. Getting　　　　　C. To get 　　　　D. To be getting
　　析：此处回答why因而答案选C.作目的状语。
11.Was it through Mary ____ was working at a high school , _____ you get to know Tom ?
　　A.who,who 　　　　　 B.that,that 　　　　C.who,that 　　D.that,where
　　析：强调句型It be + 被强调部分 + that (who)…中，who(that)后不可能有逗号，此句是限制性和非限制性定语从句的一般疑问句，答案为D。
12. ____ a broken chair , the room is empty
　　A. Except 　　　　　B. Except for 　　　C. Except that 　　D. Besides
　　析：except所指项目，必须在主句内有所交代，except for 用来表示从某一细节方面来修正前面概括性说法，其后的宾语一般与句子所涉及的东西不同类。因此a broken chair 与 the room 不是同类，答案为B。若改变一下题目_____ a broken chair , the room has no furniture . 此时chair 是 furniture 的一种，性质相同，答案为A。
13. --- Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
　　---______ . (NMET94)
　　A.I don't 　　　　　B.I won't 　　　　　C.I can't 　　　　D.I haven't
　　析：完整回答为I won't forget to come to your birthday party tomorrow.答案为B. 选A是受上一句中Don't 影响。
14.Shirley _____ a book about China last year, but I don't know whether she has finished it.(NMET98)
　　A. has written 　　B. wrote 　　　　　 C. had written 　　D. was writing
　　析：受last year的干扰而误选B项，但句意为"shirley去年（一段时间）在写一本有关中国的书，但我不知她现在是否写完"，因此答案为D.
15.Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.(上海98年高考题)
　　A. it 　　　　　　B. it repaired　　　　C. repaired 　　　D. to be repaired
　　析：此题句型为have sth done, she had had repaired为定语从句，修饰the
washing machine, C为正确答案。迷惑选项为B项。
16. --- Who should I send this message to ?
　　--- The mayor is the one ___ ?
　　A. to send it 　　B. to be sent 　　C. for sending 　　D. to send it to
　　析：第一句提供了语境"应把消息送给谁？""应送给市长"。故A是错误的，正确答案为D，即send the message to the mayor.被修饰的名词为不定式的间接宾语时，不定式后应加上适当的介词。
17.Few pleasures can equal ______ of a cool drink on a hot day.(NMET99)
　　A. some 　　　　　B. any 　　　　　　C. that 　　　　　　D. those
　　析：一看到few pleasures，容易错选D.但后面所设条件为a cool drink,因而正确答案应为C.
18.--- Alice , you feed the bird today , ______?
　 --- But I fed it yesterday . (NMET99)
　　A. do you 　　　　B. will you 　　　 C. didn't 　　　　D. don't you
　　析：此题易受you feed the bird today 中的you的影响，认为不是祈使句。但祈使句并非都无主语，为了加强语气，指明向谁提出请求或命令，引起听话者的注意时，可说出主语。所以正确答案是B而不是D.
29. --- When shall we meet again ?
　　--- Make it ____ day you like; it's all the same to me .(NMET96)
　　A. one 　　　　　 B. any 　　　　　　C. another 　　　　D. some
　　析：...you like和...it's all the same to me 表明说话人不在意哪一天，因此some day是错误的；another day需要前提：已谈论的时间不合适，应另选时间，但对话无此意。One day并不指"任意选择的一天"，而any day则有此意，故正确答案为B.
　　由上面的这些题例可以看出，做此类题时，一定要在准确理解句意的基础上，从具体的语境入手，打破定势思维，正确分析句子结构，灵活运用所学知识，充分理解整个句子的意义，找准切入点，选准答案，从而避免犯"经验型"错误。

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