人教版高三英语复习教案（7）（SB3-units13-14）
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一、考点精析与拓展
1.now that; due to; because of; owing to; since; as
now that作“既然”讲时，相当于since。now that中的that 可省去。如：Now(that)you are well again, you can travel, 你既然恢复了健康，就能够旅行了。
due to作 “起因于、归功于”时，常作表语或跟在名词后，如：
His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.他的失败源于他缺少经验。
Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious results.粗枝大叶造成的错误可能带来严重后果。
The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
because of“由于、因为”，在句中作状语或表语。如：
Lincoln is admired because of his good leadership.林肯由于其出色的领导而受到人们的赞赏。
His anger is because of your bad deeds.他是因你的失礼行为而生气。
owing to“由于、因为”，常在现代英语中与because of, due to换用。如：
Owing to unfavourable weather, I was unable to carry on with it.由于天气不好，我不能把它进行下去。
2.combine; connect; join; unite
此组动词意为“联合、连接”。
combine意为“结合、联合”，指为了某一目的而把两事物结合在一起。如：
We must combine theory with practice.我们必须把理论和实践联系起来。
He combines botany with chemistry.他把植物学和化学联系起来了。
connect“连接”，指用东西把两事物连接在一起，或两事物直接相连，二者仍保持原状。
The two cities are connected by a railway. 两座城市由铁路相连。
He connected the gas stove with gas pipe.他把煤气和接在煤气炉上。
join意为“连接”，指以线、绳、桥等把两物或两地连接在一起，和connect意思相近，也可指两物互相紧密相接。如：
We had better join the island to the mainland with a steel bridge.我们最好建一座钢筋桥把这个岛与大陆连接起来。
Where does this stream join the Changjiang River?这条河和长江在哪里会合？
unite意为“联合”，指两种以上的事物结合为一体，有合二为一的意味，强调结合后的统一性。
The two companies will unite into one.这两家公司将合并成一家。
The whole family united to help him.全家齐心协力帮助他。
3.repair; mend
repair指将受损、故障、用旧之物修理好，如用于修补机械方面的东西多用repair。如：
Ask him to repair my watch/TV set.请他给我修一下手表/电视机。
The garage charged forty dollars to repair the car. 修车行修理这辆车收了四十美元。
repair还可作“弥补、补偿”讲。如：
How can I repair the damage I have caused?我怎样才能弥补我造成的损失？
I’d like to repair our differences .我想我们应该重归于好。
mend指将打破、撕碎或用坏之物修补完整，“缝补衣服”多用mend。如：
His clothes need mending.他的衣服该补了。
She mended the broken jar with cement. 她用水泥把破碎的缸补好了。
mend 还可意为“改正、纠正、治愈、使恢复健康”等。如：
The prisoner is mending his way.囚犯在改过自新。
It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢，犹未为晚。
4.worth; worthy
两者均是形容词，意思是“值得……的”，用法如下：
（1）worthy可以作定语，worth不能。例如：
a worthy rival值得较量的对手
（2）worth后面直接跟名词（多为表示钱或代价的名词），其作用相当于介词；worthy后面接名词时须与of连用（一般不接表示钱的名词）。例如：This second-hand book is worth 100 dollars.这本旧书值100美元。
His deed is worthy of praise.他的事迹值得赞扬。
（3）worth后面可直接跟动名词的主动结构；worthy后接动名词的被动结构，且须与of连用，worthy后也可接不定式的被动式。例如：
This book is worth reading./ This book is worthy of being read./ This book is worthy to be read.这本书值得一读。
The city is worth visiting./The city is worthy to be visited./ The city is worthy of being visited.
（4）表示“很值得”，通常用well修饰，而不用very。例如：
The film is well worth seeing.这部电影很值得一看。
5.create; invent; discover
三者含义相近，但用法不同：
（1）create“创造、创作”，指产生出新的东西，其对象往往是精神上的，如艺术、文学作品中的人物及新的科学领域等。例如：
Shakespeare created many famous characters.莎士比亚创造了许多有名的人物。
（2）invent“发明”，指创造出原来自然界不存在的东西，如工具、方法、手段、灯泡、汽车、电视、合成材料等。例如：
who invented the telephone?谁发明了电话？
He invented a new teaching method.他发明了一种的教学方法。
（3）discover指“发现或找到”某种自然界本来已存在，但以前未被人类发现或认识的事物，如发现元素、电、煤、石油、铁等矿藏以及新星、星系或科学真理等。例如：
I discovered an unopened letter in the drawer.我在抽屉里发现了一封未拆的信。
6.not…until三种句型
not…until有三种句型，即：正常语序、倒装语序和强调句型。
（1）正常语序
The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep.
I didn’t know the truth of it until the next day.
（2）倒装语序
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
Not until the next day did I know the truth of it.
（3）强调句型
It was not until the child fell asleep the mother left the room.
It was not until the next day that I knew the truth of it.
（4）注意事项
①在not…until句型中，主句中的动词均为短暂性动词，如leave,start等。而在until的肯定句型中，主句的谓语动词一定要用延续性动词，因为until作为连词和介词意为up to the time when; up to“直到……时”。如：
②until只连接表示时间的短语和从句，不能用于地点和数量。如：
We walked until the edge of the forest.(误)
Our classroom can hold until fifty students.（误）
7．“一……就……”英语表达法
高三教材中出现过以下两个句子：
On his arrival he was sold to farmer and worked in the fields.
他一到就被卖给一个农场主，开始在田里劳动。
The moment he reached the country,he started his search.
他一到那个国家，就开始寻找。
以上例句中的On his arrival和The moment均含“一……就……”“刚……就……”之意。下面就该意义的四种表达方式予以归纳。
（1）as soon as 归纳：
①as soon as 引出的时间状语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，表示它所指的动作发生在另一分句所指的动作之前。
②as soon as 可以与动词的一般现在时，一般过去时或完成时态连用，主句的动词使用相应的动词现在时，过去时或将来时。如：
He started as soon as he received the news.
他一得到消息就出发了。
As soon as he had got into the car, I said“good morning”to him in French and he replied in the same language. 他一上车，我就用法语向他道了声早安，他也用法语作了回答。
（2）hardly/scarcely/barely…when/before…no sooner…than…归纳：
①注意搭配关系；hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner不可以放在when/before和than之后。
②hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner否定词位于句首时，句中的主语和谓语必须部分倒装。
③hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner引导的是主句，表示它的动作发生在从句之前，故常用过去完成时；而when/before和than引导的从句只能与一般过去时连用。
④该句型含“惊奇”之意。如：
Mrs Winthrop had no sooner left the room than they began to gossip about her.温思罗太太刚离开房间，他们就议论起她来了。
Scarcely/Hardly/Barely had he begun to speak when I sensed that he was in trouble.
他刚一开口，我就感到他遇到麻烦事了。
No sooner had we set out than a thunderstorm broke.我们一动身就遇上了大雷雨。
（3）the moment/the instant归纳：
名词短语the moment/instant/minute/second和副词immediately/
directly可以用做连词，相当于as soon as,引导的是时间状语从句；从句既可放在句首，也可放在句中。如：
The moment I saw him, I knew that there was no hope.一见到他，我就知道没希望了。
The instant you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. 你一出账篷，便会大吃一惊。
We will leave the minute you’re ready.你一准备好，我们就走。
She returned immediately she heard the bad news.她一听到这个坏消息，就返了回来。
I left directly the clock struck twelve.钟一敲十二点我就离开了。
（4）on + 动名词（或表示动作的名词）归纳：
动名词（或名词）结构表示它所表达的动作刚一发生或完成，句子谓语所表示的动作就接着发生。它相当于as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。如：
On arriving in England, they were taken to the Grystal Palace by train.他们一到英国便乘火车去水晶宫。
On his return from Europe, he set to work in earnest.他一从欧洲回来，便开始认真工作。
He was greeted by the Prime Minister on his arrival at the airport.他一到机场，便受到总理的欢迎。
另外，each time, every time如同上面四种类型一样，可直接用作从属连词，引导状语从句。如：
Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble. 我每次听了他的劝告，都会遇到麻烦。
I’ll think of my hometown each time I listen to that song.我每次听这首歌，都会想起家乡。
二、精典名题导解
题1 （NMET 1999）
___________you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A.Now that B.After C.Although D.As soon as
分析：A。本题的意思是“既然你已得到一次机会，你还是充分利用它为好”。可以看到，句里含有一个状语从句。now that=since意为“既然”。
题2 With the old stone bridge_________,a new steel one was going to be built there.
A.torn down B.tearing down
C.was torn down D.being torn down
分析：A。该题考查with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语这一结构。tear down 是“拆毁”的意思。bridge与tear down是被动关系，因此tear down应用过去分词，即torn down。
题3 Those who were going to _______refused to leave.
A.turn away B.be turned away
C.turn up D.be turned back
分析：B。该题考查由turn组成的词语辨析。turn away“解雇”，turn up“发生”，turn back“折回”。此句意思是：那些被解雇的人拒绝离开。
题4 It was food and water __________once a day.
A.that were given out B.which was given out
C.which were given out D.that gave out
分析：A。该题是一个强调句型，主语是food and water,谓语动词应用复数。give out“分配”，与主语是被动关系，所以答案应选A。
题5 （NMET 1996）
You didn’t let me drive. If we _______in turn, you _________so tired.
A.drove; didn’t get B.drove; wouldn’t get
C.were driving; wouldn’t get D.had driven; wouldn’t have got
分析：D。含有if从句的虚拟语气表示过去发生的事，从句用过去完成时，主句用过去将来完成时，即would + have + 过去分词。这句话意思是：你不让我开车。如果我们轮流开车，你不会那么累。
题6 （NMET 2001）
Visitors___________not to touch the exhibits.
A.will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requested
分析：D。该题考查时态和语态。题干所表示的是经常性的动作，须用一般现在时，主语是谓语动作的承受者，须用被动语态，所以答案选D。空白后的not to touch the exhibits是不定式的否定式，在句中作宾语补足语。题7 The matter___________your fate cannot be taken for granted.
A.relating to B.related to C.relate to D.to relate to
分析：B。该题考查动词relate用法。relate to…“与……有关”，此处是过去分词作matter的后置定语，相当于一个定语从句：The matter which/that is related to your fate…take.for granted“想当然”。由此可以判断B为正确答案。
题8 If you keep on, you’ll succeed__________.
A.in time B.at one time C.at the same time D.on time
分析：A。该题考查介词短评的辨析。in time有“及时”之意，还有“迟早、总有一天”的含义，相当于sooner or later。其他选项均不合题意。

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