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研究1991-2005年的高考试卷中可以发现含it的句型年年考到。可见it句型的重要性和使用的普遍性。现根据其用法特点归纳为２０个句型． 1. It +be + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. It was neither you nor he that is willing to go to the Great Wall． It was he as well as his classmates who has ever been to Suzhou． (强调含有either．．．or．．．，neither．．．nor．．．，not only．．．but also．．．，as well as，not．．．but．．．等词组所构成的句子) 强调句型还可以怎样设计？这种提法并不是要把我们弄糊涂，而是要培养我们对该句型的应变能力。万变不离其宗，要对强调句型产生免疫力，就要对该句型各种可能的考法烂熟于心。下面我们谈谈强调句的考法设计。 1.1. 疑问法：疑问法可分为一般疑问法和特殊疑问法两种。主要是通过改变语序后将it和that混在一块儿，使考生对结构无法辨认而出错。这形式可考查考生的纠错能力。 一般疑问句：①. Is _______ student_______ was caught smoking in the classroom? A. it that, that B. that it, it C. it it, that D. it which, that 特殊疑问句：②. _______ he got up? A. When was that it B. Was it when that C. When was it that D. Was that when it ③. Where________ he picked the wallet? ④. _______ student________ you referred to? 结论：一要注意语序；二要注意词序（特殊疑问词要置于句首），三要注意特殊疑问词的选用，疑问代词还是疑问副词。答案分别为：①A, ②C, ③is it that, ④Which/Whose, is it that. 1.2. 强调否定结构： It is________ that I left for Qingdao. A. until he came back B. not until he came back C. that he came back D. not that he came back 此题的命题构思，第一步是原句： I didn’t leave for Qingdao until he came. 然后是否定状语从句置于句首，主句实行部分倒装： Not until he came did I leave for Qingdao. 第三步就是强调此状语从句： It is not until he came back that I left for Qingdao. 结论：认清结构，推断原句。 1.3. 强调从句: It was ______ my teacher worked _______ I work hard. A. where; that B. where; where C. that ; that D. that; where （该句原为一个带地点状语从句的主从复合句：I work hard where my teacher worked. 状语从句一经被强调，此句即显得复杂。有的考生甚至连句意都未能搞懂，所以，必须要有还原的本领。要领就是去掉It was that这三个词即可。） It was ______ the teacher lectured in class _______ that student spoke loudly. A. when, that B. when, when C. that , that D. that, when （此句为上例的模仿，但说的是时间状语从句，只要去掉It was that就成了。） 结论：强调句型的根本点就是It was that , 有和没有It was that是弄清句子意思的出发点和归宿。 1.4. 改变句式：命题人的灵感或思路往往是由某些句型的变异或者是由考生的问题激发出来的。所以我们应当有一种可以回溯命题人的基本构想的能力，这样才能做到心中有数。改变句式的目的就是为了考查考生对变式的辨识能力。请看下例： Do you happen to know ______ the old scientist was hit by a car? A. where was it that B. where it was that C. it was where that D. was it where that (首先，该强调句是作为know的宾语出现的，所以，语序是从句语序，无倒装。但由于该强调句原为特殊疑问句，其疑问副词应置于句首。当然，还得看看“金三点”It was that是否全。) 我们再来看看命题人的思维轨迹： 原句：a. The old scientist was hit by a car at the gate. 强调：b. It was at the gate that the old scientist was hit. 疑问：c. Where was it that the old scientist was hit by a car？ 插入：d. Do you happen to know where it was that the old scientist was hit by a car? 结论：理清脉络，层层推进。 1.5. 强调句型中的is /was前面可用must /may /might等表推测的情态动词。 It might be in this room that he met her. 析：该句It was的was前面虽用might，但该句仍然是强调句。 1.6. 相似句型法：利用句型的相似性训练考生的再认能力。请参阅以下各例： ①It is 20 years ago______ the two friends met in Viet Nam. ②It will be 20 years______ they meet in Viet Nam. ③It is 20 years______ he came to live here. ④It is 20 years______ he spent in writing this novel. ⑤It was not long______ the people in Austria took up guns. 结论：先分析结构，再分析意思。谨慎试词，防止混淆。①句强调时间状语，故用that；②是It…before…句型，时间状语从句，只用before；③句It is a period of time since-clause是固定结构，只用since；④是强调句型，因spend一词为及物动词，故需要宾语that。但此例是一临界例句。它可能是强调句型，亦有可能是定语从句，若为定语从句则which亦可。⑤是It…before…句型，时间状语从句，只用before. 1.7. 强调句型与定语从句的关系: 强调句型与定语从句句型结构相似，但特点各异。根本的区别在于关系词that 上。在定语从句中，that 仅有语法功能，即在从句中充当一个代词的角色，而且其在从句中当宾语时还可省掉。而在强调句型中，that 的语法功能和符号功能同样重要。作为一个语法实体，that 有可以充当代词或副词的双重角色的功能。作为一种标志，that有其不可或缺的地位。那么，如何辨认与区分强调句型与定语从句呢？请看下例： ① It is on a winter night _______ his wife left him without saying goodbye. A. which B. that C. when D. in which ② It is a winter night _______ his wife left him without saying goodbye. A. which B. that C. when D. in which ③ It is a winter night _______ he spent with me last year. A. that B. where C. as D. when 结论：无论强调时间状语还是地点状语，都必须有介词短语部分。去掉“金三点”后，结构合理，句意通畅，则为强调句型，①即是。若不成结构，即看似被强调的部分不能在句中充当任何成分，则有可能是定语从句，还应注意关系副词的选用，②即是。而③例是临界的例子,前面已讨论过, 就不再赘述了。 A．套语插入: It is for ten years, so far as you know, that he has been in the States. B．从句插入: a. 定语从句 b. 同位语从句 c.主语从句 d.状语从句等。 It is the same person that both of us know that was kidnapped the day before yesterday. C．混合插入: 用适当的词语填空: It was his mother, _________ came from Hong Kong on the last day of 2003 ______ a car accident happened without any casualties, _______ was lucky, you know, ________ brought us the news ________ Mei Yanfang, a famous actress, ________ song “Lady Flower” is so popular ________ every fan likes it, died of cancer of liver, ________ made us shocked greatly. (who引导的是非限制性定语从句; when引导的是时间状语从句; as引导的是非限制性定语从句; that/who是强调句型部分; that为同位语从句部分; whose为非限制性定语从句部分; that 结果状语从句部分; 最后的which为非限制性定语从句。（答案：who，when，as，that/who，that，whose，that，which ) 结论: 抓住主干，理顺枝桠，结构凸显，句意全出。 本文的主旨并非想要把考生们弄得晕头转向,想着法子把试题弄难。而是想切实让考生们一是要学会读懂命题人的思路,从中悟出些道道,掌握一些命题与应对的规律。二是要帮助各位考生通晓一些重要的句型及其相互关系,从而对高考英语阅读理解部分中的难句能应付裕如。 2. It +be+ not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3. It +be+ clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂ 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It +be+ important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It +be+ said (reported, learned, known, thought, told, believed, hoped, announced, expected , decided,....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。有时也用其他引导词（how, when, where, why, etc.）引导主语从句。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 6. It +be+ suggested (asked, demanded, required, requested, proposed, ordered ... ) that ... 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It +be+ the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换．常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10. It +be + 段时间.... since ... 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. （一）since作连词，指“时间”，表示“自......以来”。Since引导时间状语从句， 表示主句的动作，从过去的某一点时间持续到现在，从名时态常用一般过去时，主句的时态一般用现在完成时。如： He has not written to me since he graduated from high school. 自从他中学毕业以来，一直没有写信给我。 We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago .自从两年前来到学校以来，我们已彼此熟悉。 但是，由于在since引导的时间状语从名中，谓语动词有终止性（界限性）与延续性的区别，则所表达的意思就完全不相同。例如： 1. Mr. Write has lived there since he came to this city. 2. Li Mei has done a lot of good deeds since she joined the Young Pioneer. 3. He has never seen me since I was ill . 4. Miss Mary has been in Shanghai since she lived in Beijing. 在1，2两句中，since多句中谓语动词是终止性的，表示动作亦已完成，则句子所表达的意思与动词词意是一致的。这两句应译成： 1、自从怀特先生来到这个城市以来，他就一直住在那儿。 2、李梅加入少先队以来，做了许多好事。 而3、4两句中，since从句中的谓语动词是延续性的，是表示过去的动作或状态的结束，since从句所表示时间的起点，通常是从动作完成或状态结束之时算起。这时，从句所表示的意思，与动词词意恰恰相反，具有否定意义。这两句应译成： 3、自我病愈到现在，他从未来看过我。 4、玛丽小姐自离开北京，她就一直在上海。 注意：当since从句中的谓语时态用现在完成时，这时since 从句所指某种状态，又是从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，试比较下面两名： a) He has never been to visit me since I was ill .我病愈到现在，他从未来看过我。 b) He has never been to visit me since I have been ill .我患病到现在，他从未来看过我。 a) 句中意指“我病好了”，在我患病期间，他来看过我。恢复健康后，他就不来看我了。 b)句意指“我现在仍有病”。 （二）句型“It is ...since..."",表示从过去某一点时间，持续到现在的整段时间。如： It is two years since he left the country .他离开这个国家有两年时间了。 在该句型中，since从句同样存在谓语动词的终止性与延续性的区别。 It is three Months since the Whites were in London .怀特夫妇离开伦敦已有3个月了。试比较: It is five years since the boy was a Young Pioneer .这个男孩不当少先队员已经五年了。 It is five years since the boy became a Young Pioneer .这个男孩当少先队员已经五年了。 “It is ...since ..."",可以转换使用“...ago...”，“for ...”的句子。例如： I haven't been in the countryside for a year. 也可转换成：A year has passed since I left the countryside. 11. It +be + 点时间... when ... 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂。该句型中的 when有时用before，常译为＂是．．．之前的．．．＂。 It was 5 o’clock when he came here. It was the night before the composition was due. 12. It +be + 段时间... before ... 该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为＂．．．之后才（肯定句）．．．，没过．．．就．．．（否定句）＂。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 13. It happens (seems, appears, strikes sb., occurs to sb. ... ) that...该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen , seem等词是不及物动词． It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧．． It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来．．． It appears that all the files have been deleted. It struck her that losing the company might be the least of her worries. It had never occurred to him that he might be falling in love with her. 14. It looks ( seems ) as if ...该句型中it无意义。 as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，＂看起来好像．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气． It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病） It seemed as if he were dying. 15. It takes sb.+段时间/金钱... to do sth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 16. It doesn’t matter whether/ if /where/when/what...该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为 ＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。 It doesn’t matter if they are old. Will it matter if I'm a little late? If I have to stay late at work tonight, it won't matter because we can go out another night. It doesn't matter what you wear, as long as you look neat and tidy. Does it matter what I think? What does it matter how old I am? It does not matter that the gun was in fact unloaded. Do you think it matters that the cups and saucers don't match? 17. It +be+ kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good （好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 18. It +be+ necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：① important, necessary, natural ② easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等。 在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. 19. It +be+ no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. 20. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为""6123结构""。 6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 1指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. 强化训练 1．①It is 3 years ________ he joined the army. ②It will be 3 years ________ we meet again. ③Tom told me that it was 3 years ________ he had left school. A.before B.after C.since D.when 2. ①________ is well-known to us all that the earth is round. ②________ is well-known to us all,the earth is round. A.That B.As C.It D.Which 3. ①Was it the house ________ Abraham Lincoln was born? ②Was it in the house ________ Abraham Lincoln was born? A.that B.where C.which D.both A and B 4. ①It’s very kind ________ you to help us. ②It’s very important ________ us to keep the balance of nature. A.for B.of C.to D.with 5. ①________ no wonder that he has passed the exam. ②________ no need for you to wait here. A.There being B.It was C.It is D.There is 6. ①It is strange that he ________ the work in 3 days. ②It is possible that he ________ the work in 3 days. A.can finish B.is finishing C.should finish D.finished 7. ①It is （high） time that we ________ to school. ②It is the second time that we ________ to Beijing. A.go B.went C.have been D.have gone 8. ①________ doesn’t matter much whether he’ll come to the party. ②I feel ________ an honour to be invited to speak here. A.this（This） B.it（It） C.that（That） D.what（What） 9. ①It’s no good ________ such a thing. ②It’s of no importance ________ such a thing. A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 10. ①It is hoped that you ________ there on time. ②It is advised that you ________ there on time. A.arrive B.should arrive C.will arrive D.both A and B 高考真题练习 1. It was the third time _____ he had done this experiment. A. since B. before C. which D that 2. ——What was the party like? —— It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much. (MET’93) A. after B. before C. when D. since 3. It has been two years _____ he ____ the army. A. before; joins B. that; joins C. since; joined D. when; joined 4. It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.(NMET97) A. that B. until C. before D. when 5. It was with great joy _____ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.（2004福建卷） A. because B. which C. since D. that 6. It was the first time that the old woman _____ in this city. A. has been B. came C. was D. had been 7. It is certain _____ he will go over his business to his son when he gets old A. which B. that C. before D. since 8. It will be weeks ____ our headmaster comes back. A. as B. since C. before D. until 9. It is these poisonous products ____ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (2003上海) A. who B. that C. how D. what 10. It ______ long before we _____ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春季) A. will not be; will know B. is; will know C. will not be; know D. is; know 综合练习题 1. --- I saw no more than one motorbike in that shop. Will you go and buy ____? --- No, I’d rather find ______ in other shops. A. one; one B. it; it C. one; it D. it; one 2. It doesn’t matter to me ______ I miss my train, because there’s another one later. A. that B. if C. unless D. when 3. --- Have you got used to the Chinese food, Robert? --- Yes, but I don’t like ______ when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I don’t like. A. this B. that C. those D. it 4. Was it in the lab which was taken charge of by Professor Zhang ______ they did the experiment? A. when B. which C. where D. that 5. Someone is ringing the bell. Go and see ______. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ______ to be much better. A. that B. this C. one D. it 7. --- ______ Mr. Barton changed his mind to take part in the movement? --- After he listened to the speech by Mr. King. A. When was that it B. When was it that C. When was that D. When was it 8. It was 1969 ______ the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. when C. on which D. which 9. Why don’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too ill to go on working? A. it B. you C. him D. this 10. ______ is no good ______ without doing anything. A. This; talking B. It; talk C. It; talking D. That; to talk 11. ______ four years since I left my hometown. A. It was B. There was C. There is D. It is 12. It’s the second time ______ he has been out with her alone. A. that B. after C. when D. who 13. It was the training ______ he had as a young man ______ made him such a famous writer. A. when; that B. that; when C. that; who D. that; that 14. He was an old man, and ______ didn’t matter much where he lived. A. it B. you C. he D. that 15. --- My mother is 45 years old. --- Really? She doesn’t look ______. A. it B. young C. her D. this 16. We all take ______ for granted that heavy objects fall faster than light ones. A. that B. one C. this D. it 17. Not until yesterday afternoon ______ raining. A. it had stopped B. had it stopped C. it stopped D. did it stop 18. --- It’s raining cats and dogs. --- ______. A. So it is B. So is it C. Neither it is D. Neither is it 19. Joan had often heard ______ said that Marley had no money. A. ones B. another C. it D. this 20. I don’t think ______possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it 21. We had to be patient. It ____ some time _____ we got the full results. A. was, since B. was, before C. would be, since D. would be, before 22. Was it on her way home _____ she was robbed _____ her wallet ? A. when, of B. that, of C. where, by D. that, off 23. It’s not _____ that you are tired; _____, you were up until eleven last night. A. surprising, What’s more B. surprise , In fact C. surprised , At the most D. surprising , After all 24. It will be a long time _____ he _____ back from Sidney. A. when , will come B. after, will come C. since , come D. before , comes 25. It _______ we finished our homework last night. A. was not until 10 when B. was until 10 that C. was not until 10 that D. was at 10 when 26. Mrs. Stewards kept telling her son not to go online too frequently, but ______ didn’t help. A. she B. he C. it D. which 一、强化训练 1. CAC 2. CB 3. B A 4. B A 5. C D 6. C A 7. B D 8. B B 9. C B 10. C D 二、高考真题 1、 D 2、 D 3、 C 4、 A 5、 D 6、 D 7、 B 8、 C 9、 B 10、 C 三、综合练习题 1、 A 2、 B 3、 D 4、 D 5、 D 6、 D 7、 B 8、 B 9、 A 10、 C 11、 D 12、 A 13、 D 14、 A 15、 A 16、 D 17、 B 18、 A 19、 C 20、 D 21、 D 22、 B 23、 D 24、 D 25、 C 26、 C |
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