（人教版+朗文）初三英语同步辅导（含同步练习）Unit 1-6 复习（语法部分）
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一.教学内容：
（一）现在完成时（The Present Perfect Tense）
1. 动作发生于一个非确定的过去的时间（过去的时间并不重要或根本不知道），但它的结果仍对现在有影响.
I have read the letter， and I know what it is about.
2. 动作发生在过去，目前仍在继续或刚刚结束， 常和“for” 加上“一段时间”，或“since” 加上“一个确切的过去的时间”连用。
“for”用于过去的一段时间. （动词必须是可以延续的）
He has been there for six months. 他去那有6个月了。（直到现在）
He has never been there. 他从来都没去过那里。（直到现在）
“since”用于过去的一个确切的时间，意思是“从那时一直到现在”，总是和完成时一齐用，而且不能省略。（主句动词必须是可以延续的）
since +一段时间＋ago；since＋一个时间点；since＋从句。如：
He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.
He has stayed here since 3 o’clock.
Tim has been in Nantong since January.
自从1月份以来Tim一直都在南通。（现在仍在南通）
注意：“since”后面的确切的过去的时间也可以是一个含有过去时的从句.
He has been interested in collecting coins since he was a child.
他打小时候起就对收集硬币感兴趣。（现在还是如此）
He has taught English since he came here.
现在完成时常和短语“up to now /till now”，“so far”（意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在）连用。
Up to/till now he's read many storybooks. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已去过纽约三次。
3. 刚刚完成的动作.
I've just got a letter from my brother.
4. “already”用于现在完成时的肯定句中，“yet”用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中。
He has （already） visited many places in China. （already）
He has come back now. Have you ever been to Australia?
注意“already”在句中的两种位置.
The train hasn't arrived yet.火车（到现在）还没有到。
Has she arrived yet? 她已经到了吗？Hasn't he come yet? 他还没来吗？
I haven't been very successful so far.我一直都没有成功。
注意：“have been”（去过） 和“have gone”（去了） 的区别:
He has gone to Beijing .（He is there or is on his way there.）
He has been to Shanghai . （He was there once, but he is not there now.）
5. 当现在完成时句中无时间状语时，它只是指一个简单的已经完成的动作。
I've cleaned the sitting-room. 我已把起居室打扫过了。（已完成了工作）
6. 现在完成时可以用来表示一个反复发生的动作。
He has rung me up five times today. （五次分隔的行为）
7. 通常和现在完成时一起用的副词：
I have just got a letter from my brother.
He has already bought an American car and has gone to the U.S.A.
He has been there for six months so far.
Mother has never been abroad before.
常和完成时连用的副词和短语：
already, yet, just, ever, never, before
today, now, this morning, this week, these days, in the past two years
for three hours, for two weeks, for years, for a long time
since three o'clock, since last Tuesday, since 1980, since then
since he came here, since we began to learn English
8. 短暂性动词通常不能和表一段的时间状语连用，应用意义与其相近的延续性动词、be＋形容词/副词等来代替它们。如：borrow改为keep/have; die改为be dead; leave改为be away等，或将完成时改为一般过去时。如：
错：He has died for 3 years.
正：He has been dead for 3 years.
正：He died 3 years ago.
错：How long have you borrowed it?
正：How long have you kept it?
在例2中应注意how long是一个不确定的一段时间。但应注意，短暂性动词的否定式表示一个状态，它可以和表一段的时间状语连用。如：
I haven’t seen you for 2 years.
9. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，而一般过去时不强调过去的动作与现在的关系。如：
I have lost my pen.（强调我现在没有笔）
I lost my pen.（过去笔掉了，没说明现在是否有笔）
现在完成时不可和表过去的时间状语连用（before, just等除外），但一般过去时可和表过去的时间状语，如yesterday, last week, three days ago, just now等连用。如：
A：Hello, Kate! Have you had supper?
B：Yes, I have.
A：When did you have it?
在此例中，应注意when是一个不确定的过去时间。

（二）宾语从句
　在复合句中，作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语的句子称为宾语从句。连词that引导宾语从句时，应注意以下要点：
1. 在连词that引导的宾语从句中，that本身无意义，不是句子的任何成分。在口语和非正式文体中常被省略。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
She says （that） she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk.
她说她将在校长的桌上放个留言条。
I hope （that） you’ll have a good holiday.
希望你（们）假日愉快。
2. 后面常接that引导的宾语从句的动词有：think, hope, say, tell, know, see, hear, mean, agree, fell等。
　I see （that） you come here on foot today. 我看你今天是步行来的。
I hear （that） one of the pandas has a baby.我听说有只熊猫生了个小熊猫。
3. 后面常接宾语从句的形容词有：sure, glad, pleased, happy, afraid等。如：
I’m sure he would love to come to your birthday party.
我相信他会很乐意参加你的生日聚会。
We are both very happy that we are twins.
我们俩都为我们是双胞胎而感到高兴。
4. 连接代词（who, whom, whose, what, which）引导的宾语从句，从句语序：
连接代词＋主语＋谓语＋其他成分
Please tell me who / whom we have met.
Do you know what they should do?
The boy asked whose shirt is it?
Could you tell me which teacher will teach us next term?
5. 连接副词（why, when, where, how）引导的宾语从句，从句语序：
连接副词＋主语＋谓语＋其他成分
She doesn’t know why her friends like Chinese so much.
The teacher had to find out why he is often late for school.
Grandmother couldn’t remember where she put her book.
Lucy didn’t tell her mother when she would be back.
The boy doesn’t know when he must finish his homework.
6. 宾语从句的时态：
　　A. 主句的动词如果是现在时态，宾语从句中动词可以根据实际情况用不同的时态。
B. 主句的动词是一般过去时态，宾语从句的动词必须使用过去相应的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：80分钟）
一. 选择填空：
1. Do you know how much hot water ?
A. Mum is needed B. does Mum need
C. Mum needs D. did Mum need
2. Can you tell me ?
A. where he is B. where is he
C. he is where D. what is he
3. I didn’t know how to London?
A. would they go B. are they going
C. they would go D. they are going
4. I want to know how long
A. has he been back B. has he come back
C. he has been back D. he has come back
5. Do you know ?
A. what the news are B. what is the news
C. what the news is D. what are the news
6. He said he would help me with my maths if he free.
A. was B. will be C. would be D. is
7. He will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai.
A. gets B. is getting C. will get D. shall get
8. Father music when he young
A. liked…was B. liked…is
C. likes…was D. likes…is
9. I liked sports I was young.
A. so much as B. so much that
C. very much when D. very much because
10. mother got home, I was tidying my room.
A. After B. When C. As soon as D. Before
11. The teacher didn’t begin her class the students stopped talking.
A. until B. because C. after D. when
12. If it tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall.
A. doesn’t rain B. won’t rain C. not rains D. isn’t rain
13. Could you tell me we get to the plane?
A. how B. whether C. where D. what
14. When they got to the cinema, the film for the ten minutes.
A. had been on B. has begun
C. began D. had begun
15. The teacher says she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk.
A. if B. who C. that D. what
16. Lucy looks stronger Lily.
A. than B. as C. then D. not as
17. I know nothing about it he told me.
A. because B. since C. until D. after
18. You must make your new house clean and safe you move in.
A. because B. when C. before D. until
19. I was tired I couldn’t walk on.
A. so…that B. too…to
C. very…that D. very…to
20. I thought he to see his mother if he time.
A. will go…has B. will go …will have
C. would go …would have D. would go …had
二. 用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1. I won’t return the book to the library because I (not finish) reading it.
2. As soon as he saw me, he to speak to me. (stop)
3. I hope he (come) back in a week.
4. It (rain) hard when I got to the factory this morning.
5. The old man told the children (not walk) in the rice fields.
6. He told me he (help) me with my maths the next evening.
7. She said they (know) each other for quite some time.
8. If it (not rain) tomorrow, we (visit) the Pepole’s Museum.
9. John (write) something when I (go) to see him.
10. Our teacher told us that light (travel) much faster than sound.
11. When I got to the cinema, the film (begin)
12. Mike asked me if we (ask) any questions the next class.
13. Will you come and stay with us for a while when you (finish) doing your homework?
14. Comrade Wang didn’t know if there (be) on English evening that day.
15. Please tell me if she (come) again next time.

三. 用所给动词的适当时态填空
1. Mary _______ already ______ (have) her supper.
2. I ______ (not want) to see the film. I ______ (see) it with my parents. We ______ (see) it last week.
3. ______ you ______ (get) something to eat? Yes, I do.
4. They ______ just ______(find) their son.
5. My mother _______ (not work) at her desk when I came in. She ______ (read) a news paper in her desk.
6. Jim ______ just ______ (come) back from England. He ______ (get) home five minutes ago.
7. The librarian ______ (ask) him ______ (pay) for the lost book.
四. 阅读理解
A
In the presidential election(选举) of 1860 Lincoln won. People from eighteen free states helped make him president of the United States.
But all Americans did not want Lincoln to be their leader. Many white people in Southern States believed Lincoln would take away their power in government and their slaves, too.
Slavery was not the only problem troubling Americans from 1800 to 1860.White Southerners believed that Northern law-makers passed unfair tax(税收) laws.
The laws white Southerners believed were most unfair put a tax on factory goods shipped from other countries to the United States. Southerners believed that such laws hurt them more than any other Americans. They believed this because in the South, there were few factories. People needed to buy factory-made goods that were shipped either from foreign countries or from the North. If Southerners bought foreign goods, they had to pay an extra amount caused by the tax. If they bought goods made in Northern factories, they helped make the North a richer, more powerful region than the south.
Whatever the reasons were, white Southerners were ready to fight. They prepared themselves to fight to keep what they believed they owned and against tax laws they believed were unfair.
( ) 1. Lincoln won in the election mainly with the help of ___________.
A. all American people B. the Southerners
C. the Northerners D. the people from the 18 states
( ) 2. “All Americans did not want Lincoln to be their leader” means_______.
A. not all Americans wanted Lincoln to be their leader
B. only a few Americans wanted Lincoln to be their leader
C. no Americans opposed(反对) Lincoln to be their leader
C. many Americans opposed Lincoln to be their leader
( ) 3. The problem troubling Americans from 1800 to 1860 was _____.
A. slavery B. tax laws C. presidential election D. both A and B
( ) 4. The laws which white Southerners opposed put a tax on ______.
A. goods made in the factories in the South
B. goods made in the factories in the North
C. goods made in other countries
D. goods made in the United States and other countries
( ) 5. The white Southerners believed that the tax laws would ________.
A. make the United States become stronger
B. do good only to the Northerners
C. do good to the Southerners
D. help people to buy goods made in Southern factories
B
The newspaper seller was a clean neat(整洁的) man, of about forty with a rather serious(严肃的), unsmiling face. he didn't speak much to the customers or to his helpers, but when he did, he spoke slowly and quietly, as if to himself. He believed in deeds(行动), not conversations.
It had been a good day. Lunch-time had been warm and sunny, and many people had bought magazines to read outside with their sandwiches. Now it was cold and rainy, and people wanted an evening paper for a cheerless journey ahead and an uninteresting evening indoors
At 6:30 with the main rush over, he started to collect the money together and count it. Then he left the stand and went home. It was the assistant's turn this evening to look after it till eight o'clock. His large white car was in the car park of a large government building. He'd parked there for six months, pretending to be a member of a heating company working in the building. They would find him out, and he'd have to park in a garage again, which was troublesome. The cost was far too high. A couple of junior clerks(职员), regular customers, happened to see him getting into his car. “There must be a lot of money in papers, eh? ” one of them shouted. He just smiled coldly in reply, and got into the car, placing the bags of money on the floor.
He thought about the clerks on the way home. Like most of his customers in spite of their white shirts and dark suits, they probably made in a week as much as he could make in a good day.
( ) 1.The newspaper seller would probably be the sort of man who would _______.
A. be a cheerful(愉快的) companion(伙伴)
B. try to cheat his customers
C. trust his assistant very much
D. dislike conversation
( )2. The weather that day had been _______.
A. good for lunch-time sales, but not later
B. good for early evening sales, but not earlier
C. bad for sales throughout
D. good for sales throughout
( ) 3. The assistant's job that evening was to _____.
A. sell papers until 8o'clock
B. start selling magazines at 8 o'clock
C. count the money taken that day
D. lock up the car park
( )4. If they realized that wasn't a heating engineer, he'd have to ______.
A. park his car in a government car park
B. look for another free parking place
C. pay to park his car in a garage
D. pretend he worked in a government office
( )5. When the newspaper seller thought about the two clerks, he decided that they were _______.
A. badly dressed B. well dressed
C. not as rich as himself D. not as hardworking as himself
五. 完形填空
Mark was a farmer, and he lived in a village far 1 . One day, he 2 very ill, and everyone thought he would die. They 3 a doctor, and two days later, the doctor 4 , and examined the sick man. The doctor 5 for a pen and some paper to write down the name of the medicine. But there was 6 pen or paper in the village, because no one could read and write.
The doctor picked up a piece of 7 wood from the fire. So he used the wood and wrote the name of the medicine 8 the door of the house. “Get this medicine for him, ” he said, “and he will soon get 9 . ”
Mark's family and friends didn't know 10 to do. They could not 11 the strange words. Then the village baker(面包师) had an idea. He 12 the door of the house, put it on his cart and drove 13 the nearest hospital. He bought the medicine, and Mark was soon 14 again. He 15 not let anyone wash the magic(魔术的) words.
( ) 1. A out B. away C. from D. aside
( ) 2. A came B. is C. became D. had been
( ) 3. A sent for B. sent C. ask for D. asked
( ) 4. A got to B. reached C. comes D. arrived
( ) 5. A asked B. wanted C. got D. fetched
( ) 6. A not a B. not C. no D. nothing
( ) 7. A hot B. burning C. burnt D. firing
( ) 8. A on B. at C. in D. to
( ) 9. A better B. best C. right D. worse
( ) 10. A when B. what C. how D. that
( ) 11. A said B. spoke C. read D. wrote
( ) 12. A took off B. took out C. took on D. got out
( ) 13. A in B. for C. to D. at
( ) 14. A right B. sick C. well D. good
( ) 15. A should B. could C. might D. would

【试题答案】
一. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C
6. A 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B
11. A 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. C
16. A 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. D
二. 1. haven’t finished 2. stopped
3. will come 4. was raining
5. not to walk 6. would help
7. had known 8. doesn’t rain, will visit
9. was writing, went 10. travels
11. had begun 12. would ask
13. finish 14. would be
15. will come
三. 1. has, had 2. don’t want, have seen, saw 3. Have, got 4. have, found
5. wasn’t working was reading 6. has, come, got 7. asked, to pay
四. A 1-5 DADCB B 1-5 DDACC
五. 1-5 BCADA 6-10 CCAAB 11-15 CACCD

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