人教版高二同步辅导（含同步练习）Unit 8—First Aid
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1. 单元内容介绍和学习建议
2. 重要单词，短语用法
3. 难点句解释和分析
知识总结与归纳：
（一）单元内容介绍：
1. 中心话题：急救。涉及动物咬伤，烧伤，刀伤和中毒等一般急救常识。家庭安全须知，实施急救时的注意事项。
2. 材料：听力：两段对话：父亲带被狗咬伤的儿子与护士的对话；母亲带误喝墨水的女儿与护士的对话。阅读材料：（1）DR ABC：介绍急救的重要性以及实施急救时的注意事项和步骤。（2）：介绍如何处理一般性的创伤。（3）：FIRST AID RIGHT AND WRONG：介绍对于车祸，溺水，火灾，中毒时急救时的正确与错误的方法。
3. 写作：写一篇如何进行急救的文章。
4. 语法：继续学习有关虚拟语气的句型的用法。
5. 语言学习：词汇，语法。
（二）重点单词，短语的用法：
1. 运用构词知识理解下列单词：
bleed；container；electrical；airway；circulate；circulation；recovery；explanation；
2. witness：目击；目睹；见证；证据，目击者。
People who have witnesses an accident often wish that they had done things differently.
The whole world has witnesses the great progress China has made in science and technology.
I was a witness to their quarrel.
3. calm：宁静的，镇静的；使……平静，镇定。
The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.
The city is calm again after yesterday’s riots.
注意比较：quiet; silent; still
quiet：没有干扰的安静，无动静。
silent：寂静，指人：沉默不语。
still：静止不动
They lived a quiet life in the countryside.
He was silent for a moment, and then began his answer.
Te Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.
4. response：作答，回答，响应
If we were to get hurt trying to save someone, we would not be able to help. R is for response. We can do a lot of good by simply asking “Are you all right ?”
There have been several responses to our advertisement.
注意动词形式：respond:
Calling an ambulance or the police is important, but there is more we can and should do. If we know how to respond, we can save lives.
5. sudden：突然的，突发的，意外的
If the old man had been sent to hospital in time, he would not have died of sudden heart attack.
注意短语: all of a sudden=suddenly
We were talking on the phone when all a sudden, the line went dead.
6. catch fire：着火
If a pan of oil catches fire, turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.
注意fire 的其他短语：
make a fire: 生火；set fire to sth：放火烧；be on fire: 起火（表示状态）；热衷于
The man made a fire and began to cook supper.
As a child, she was on fire for dancing.
7. keep in mind：记住
The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.
Keep in mind, even any small careless mistake could lead to a serious accident.
8. in honor of：为向……表示敬意；为庆祝……；为纪念……
When Edison died, it was suggested that the American people turn off all power in their homes, streets and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.
There will be a party in honor of his success.
9. in case of：万一，假使，以免；（后面接名词）；in case+陈述句：
A first-aid kit is a box or bag of useful items and information that may be helpful in case of emergency.
In case I forget, please remind me in time.
He takes a flashlight in case it gets dark before he returns.
（三）阅读材料中的难点句的解释与分析：
1. Never leave small things a baby can put in its mouth on the floor or table.
不要把婴幼儿能放入口中的小东西丢在地板上或桌子上。
注意leave的用法：离开；留下；使……处于某种状态；遗忘在……
Soon my father lost his job and I had to leave school again.
Would you leave a message for him ?
His letter left me feeling pretty bad.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
He used to leave windows open while sleeping.
She left her umbrella on the bus.
2. The question will also calm the person, letting him or her know that help is on the way.
这个问题能使他/她镇静下来，让他/她知道援助就要来了。
letting him or her know that help is on the way：现在分词做状语。
on the way：在路上；接近；即将
Heavy snow is on the way.
He is on the way to becoming a doctor.
Can you mail these letters on your way downtown ?
注意其他有关way的短语：in the way：挡路；in a way：在某种程度上；in this way：用这种方法。
3. Seconds count in an emergency, and knowing what to do can mean the difference between life and death.
紧急情况下分秒必争，懂得应当做些什么可能意味着生死之别。
count：有价值，有重要性；有影响
It is not what you say but what you do that counts.
She is the only person that really counts around here.
【典型例题】
1. A way must be thought of the fire_____. It’s too dangerous .
A. to stop; from spreading B. to keep; spreading
C. preventing; spreading D. keeping; from spreading
答案：A
分析：think of away to do sth. 想出一个办法做某事。若选B，则第二空应用from spreading。
2. If we can’t borrow the money, we’ll have to without.
A. supply B. manage C. support D. stand
答案：B
分析：manage without（sth.）应付某事。句意为“我借不到钱，只好将就了。”
3. The street was named after a great man _ his great contributions to the city.
A. in honor of B. instead of
C. in case of D. in need of
答案：A
分析：句意为“这条街以一个伟人的名字命名，以纪念他为城市做出的贡献。”
4. What would have happened , as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
答案：C
分析：根据主句的谓语动词“would have happened”，可以断定此题考查“与过去事实相反”的虚拟语气。从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，可省去连词if将had前置。
5. I insisted to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ____wrong with him.
A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be
C. he go; was D. he should go; is
答案：C
分析：前一个insist意为“坚持要求；一定要”，接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用（should）+do；后一个insist表示“坚持说，坚决认为”，其后接陈述语气的从句，谓语动词用所需的各种时态。
6. Unless you wear boots, you may get ___ by snakes.
A. eaten B. broken C. bitten D. killed
答案：C
分析：get bitten被咬伤。
7. When the doctor tells you to , he means to ask you to draw a .
A. breath deeply; deeply breath B. breathe deep; breath deeply
C. breathe deeply; deep breath D. breath deep; deep breathe
答案：C
分析：第一空缺少动词，用breathe，被副词deeply修饰；第二空缺少名词，用breath，被形容词deep修饰。
8. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ill, and her parents suggested that she a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
答案：B
分析：第一个suggest意为“表明”，接从句时，从句中谓语动词用所需的时态；后一个suggest意为“建议”，接宾语从句时，从句中谓语动词用“（should）+do”。
9. The children when they realized they were lost.
A. frightened B. surprised C. astonished D. paniced
答案：D
分析：panic：惊慌；恐慌，A,B,C均为及物动词，与句子结构不吻合。
10. Be careful with that match. That straw easily.
A. catches fire B. is on fire C. sets fire D. sets on fire
答案：A
分析：“小心，火柴! 麦秆容易着火。”强调动作，用catch fire。Be on fire着火了，强调状态。set on fire相当于set fire to…放火烧……
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 单项选择：
1. We have no vacancies（空缺）now, but we will ___ your application in mind.
A. have B. give C. keep D. make
2. He was conscious a heavy weight in his stomach.
A. to B. in C. for D, of
3. Every time Smith he pulled over more of the bedclothes to his side.
A. fell over B. went over
C. rolled over D. ran over
4. If your blood badly, your hands and feet will get cold easily.
A. passes B. crosses C. circulates D. circles
5. We heard of your recovery fever.
A. of B. to C. from D, on
6. A person with poor ought to see his doctor regularly.
A. spread B. circulation C. flow D. cut
7. Don’t leave the gas on—you might the house.
A. cut down B. fall down C. put down D. burn down
8. You didn’t have to take the medicine, but your head may less if you do so. A. hurt B. be hurt C. injure D. be injured
9. The traffic accident wouldn’t have happened yesterday, but the driver really careless.
A. had happened B. is C. were D. was
10. —Tom, keep your on your studies.
— Sure, Mum. I’ll keep that in .
A. mind; mind B. heart; head C. brain; mind D heart; brain
11. —I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
—There is no for this while you are on duty.
A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation
12. If the cost of trip is more than $1, 000, you can the child.
A. count on B. count up C. count in D. count off
13. All possible means . However, nothing can him dying of lung cancer.
A. has tried; stop B. have been tried; keep
C. has been tried; prevent D. have been tried; stop
14. Christmas is ; we are in November already.
A. on the way B. in the way C. out of the way D. by the way
15. Things such as cotton, paper easily.
A. set fire B. catch fire C. light a fire D. make a fire
二. 完型填空
In the United States Government, the Congress（议会）__ 1__ the laws. The Congress has two parts, __2___ are more or less equal in power. They are __3__ as the House of Representatives and the Senate（参议院）. The House of Representatives is ___4___ than the Senate whose 100 members（two from each state）___5__ for six years, the 435 members of the House are __6__ every two years, and the __7__ from each state is determined by the __8__ of the state. For example, California, which has a ___9__ population, has forty-three Representatives, __10___ the state of Nevada has only one.
The House and Senate are divided into small groups which __11__ special matters such as education or foreign affairs. The most __12__ work of the Congress is often done in these groups, which are __13___ committees.
According to the Constitution（宪法）of the United States, a Senator must be __14__ thirty years old and he must have been a __15__ of the United States for nine years at the time of his __16__. To be elected to the House a person must be twenty-five years old __17___ must have been a United States citizen for seven years. At the present time, members of Congress __18___ businessmen, farmers, teachers and especially lawyers.
In general, Senators are __19__ known than Representatives because they are __20___ in number and serve for a longer time. Many American Presidents served in Congress before they became presidents.
1. A. defends B. practices C. makes D. carries out
2. A. they B. that C. both D. which
3. A. thought B. called C. regarded D. known
4. A. more B. larger C. stranger D. more powerful
5. A. serve B. select C. stand D. last
6. A. selected B. changed C. chosen D. elected
7. A. member B. person C. number D. seat
8. A. people B. size C. population D. condition
9. A. more B. large C. great D. high
10. A. while B. however C. yet D. instead
11. A. in charge of B. manage C. take care of D. control
12. A. difficult B. important C. ordinary D. successful
13. A. recognize B. made C. considered D. called
14. A. at least B. as old as C. well over D. as young as
15. A. master B. doctor C. member D. citizen
16. A. graduation B. election C. position D. practice
17. A. or B. also C. and D. but
18. A. accept B. include C. unite D. invite
19. A. better B. more C. less D. seldom
20. A. fewer B. weaker C. bigger D. less
三. 阅读理解
Valentine’s Day is on 14, February each year. It is a day for lovers, and one of the loveliest holidays in the United States.
Very few Americans know the story of Valentine’s Day. One English story says that more than 2,000 years ago the ancient Romans celebrate a holiday for lovers. As part of the celebration, girls wrote names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container. Boys reached their hands into the container and pulled one out. The girl whose name was written on the paper became his lover or sweetheart for a year. Then came a Roman priest Valentinus, who secretly performed marriage ceremonies for many young lovers against Roman King’s order. The Roman Emperor got angry and ordered the killing of Valentinus on February 14, 269 AD.
It is very popular to send cards decorated with hearts and flowers to express love. Today many Americans like to send humorous cards to their husbands, wives, mothers, fathers, sons, daughters, relatives, and even special friends. Some enjoy the joke of sending “guess who” cards to a person he or she secretly admires. Sometimes they put their love message in a heart-shaped box of chocolates, or a bunch of flowers tied with red ribbons. Candy, perfume, jewelry or a picture with a heart and Cupid（the Roman god of love）, who is armed with a bow and arrow, are also sent to express love. Many couples arrange romantic dinners by candlelight for this occasion. Universities also hold a Sweetheart Ball for the young students to celebrate Valentine’s Day.
1. Why was Valentinus killed in ancient Rome ?
A. He didn’t finish the task the Emperor gave him.
B. He was poor and the Emperor didn’t want to marry his daughter to him.
C. He told people how to celebrate Valentine’s Day, which made the Emperor angry.
D. He didn’t follow the Emperor’s order and secretly married young lovers.
2. What do the university students nowadays do on Valentine’s Day ?
A. They celebrate the Valentine’s Day in the same way just as the Romans did over 2,000 years ago.
B. They just send cards decorated with hearts and flowers to the person they love.
C. They take part in a Sweetheart Ball, which is held for them.
D. They arrange romantic dinners by candlelight for this occasion.
3. The passage is mainly about ____.
A. they story of Valentine’s Day.
B. how students celebrate Valentine’s Day in universities.
C. how Valentine’s Day was celebrated more than 2,000 years ago.
D. the origin of Valentine’s Day and the modern ways of celebrating it.
4. “Guess who” card is _____.
A. an unsigned card.
B. given to friends and family members.
C. sent to a person with flowers, perfume or a picture.
D. usually to their friends by students in universities.
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择
1. C 句意为“我们目前没有空缺，但是我们一定记住你申请的事。”keep sb.／sth. in mind记住某人或某事。
2. D be conscious of… 意识到……为一固定用法。
3. C fall over摔倒；绊倒，go over复习；温习，roll over翻身；翻转；倒转，run over（车辆）碾压；压死。
4. C 句意为“血液循环不良，手脚容易变冷。”circulate循环，与句意吻合。
5. C recovery from…从……中恢复健康，为一固定用法。
6. B 本题考查词义辨析。spread“传播”；circulation“循环”；flew“流动”；cut切伤，割伤。根据句意选B。
7. D burn down sth. 或burn sth. down的意思是“把……烧光或夷为平地”，其余选项不合句意．
8. A hurt在此作“疼痛”讲。
9. D 要认真审题才能选出正确答案，根据句中信息but不难选出D项，此处的was，是指当时的实际情况。
10. A 本题考查两个固定搭配。Keep one’s mind on sth. 是“专心做某事的意思”；keep sth. in mind：记住
11. B excuse：借口，其余选项不合句意。
12. C 本题考查count短语的用法。count on “依靠、指望”；count up“加起来”count in: 把……算进去；count off
13. D mean作“方式、手段”讲时。单复数相同，在此是复敷；作“阻止”讲时，stop sb. from doing中的from可省略，而keep sb. from doing中的from不可省略。
14. A on the／one’s way在此作“即将，迈向”讲。
15. B catch fire “着火’；set fire “纵火”light a fire：点火，make a fire“生火”。根据句子的意思应用catch fire。
二. 完型填空
1. C 美国议会负责制定法律。make the laws；制定法律。Carry out；执行。议会不可能执行法律.法律应由具体的部门去执行。
2. D 本句是非限定性定语从句，which在从句中做主语。句义：议会分为两部分，他们在权利上差不多平等。
3. D 议会的两部分就是人们所知道的众议院和参议院。
4. B 根据上下文提示，议员总数为435人，参议院占100人，众议院比参议院人数多。英语中表示人数或人口“多”用large 表达
5. A serve在此是“任职”的意思。这100人任职长达6年。
6. D 根据上下文可知: 议会议员是由投票选举产生的. Select:选择; change:改变; chosen:选择，所以A，B，C不符和题义。Elected：选举。
7. C
8.C 根据句义：每个州的议员人数是由该州的人口总数决定的
9. B
10. A 加利福尼亚州人口较多，有43名议员，而内华达州只有一个议员. While连词：而强调前后的对比。
11. C 根据句义：参众两院分成若干小组负责诸如教育，外交等特殊事物。In charge of“负责”，但它和主语which之间缺少谓语be动词。所以A排除。Take care of “照顾，……负责”符合题义。B、D的词义与文章不符。
12. B
13. D 根据句义：议会中最重要的工作通常是由这些被称为委员会的小组完成的
14. A 15. D
16. B 根据美国宪法，参议员最低年龄为30岁，并且到他被选举为参议员之时他必须已成为美国公民满九年。
17. C and表示“并且”竞选众议员必须年龄在25岁以上，并且取得美国公民资格满7年。
18. B include:包括。根据句义，美国国会议员包括商人，农场主，教师特别是律师。而accept：接受，unite：统一，联合，invite：邀请。这几个答案不合题义。
19. A 根据举句义:参议员比众议员更为出名。Better 是well的比较级。
20. A 根据句义：参议员人数少且任期长。此句的主语是“人”所以描述“多”与“少”的形容词用few /little，不能用little修饰。
三. 阅读理解
1. D 根据第二段：Then came a Roman priest Valentinus, who secretly performed marriage ceremonies for many young lovers against Roman King’s order.可以得知Valentinus被罗马帝国皇帝杀死的原因。
2. C 根据第三段最后一句：Universities also hold a Sweetheart Ball for the young students to celebrate Valentine’s Day.可以得知大学生庆祝情人节的方式。
3. D 文章的第二段讲述了历史上情人节的来历，第三段讲述了现代人特别是年轻人庆祝情人节的方式。由此可以判断出文章的主旨。
4. A 从第三段：Some enjoy the joke of sending “guess who” cards to a person he or she secretly admires.可以看出这种贺卡上一般不签名。

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