高考第一轮复习英语：高一Unit 3-Unit 4
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知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 consider means board *destination experience equipment *paddle normal excitement similarity particular *combine *scare *disaster seize *drag struggle fight shake *stair strike destroy fear *opportunity article agent touch *naughty
词组 get away from watch out protect sb./sth.from see sb.off on the other hand as well as at the same time for pleasure make money take place on fire pull sb.up get on one’s feet go through on holiday worry about come on up and down
语法 现在进行时表将来动作 定语从句
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.consider v.
例句集锦
Please consider my suggestion.
=Please think about my suggestion.
请仔细考虑我的建议。
Have you considered changing your job？
你考虑调换工作了吗？
She began to consider what use could be made of it.
她开始考虑怎样对它加以利用。
Have you considered how to get there？
你是否考虑过如何到那里去？
We consider him（to be/as）our best friend.
=We regard him as our best friend.
我们把他看作我们最好的朋友。
Who do you consider（to be）responsible for the accident？
你认为谁对这个事故负有责任？
用法归纳
*consider作“考虑；细想”解时,后接名词、-ing形式或宾语从句。作“当作；当成；认为”解时，后接含有as的介词短语或to be复合宾语。
2.means n.
例句集锦
Our company has the means to develop new products.
公司有能力开发新产品。
There are/is no means of contacting him.
没有办法和他取得联系。
Television is an effective means of communication.
电视是一种有效的通讯手段。
People should pay according to their means.
人们应该按照各自的负担能力来消费。
用法归纳
means作“方法；手段；工具；能力”解时,单数和复数相同。
相关归纳
（1）by all means 可以；当然行；没问题；务必；尽一切办法
—Do you mind if I have a look？
我看一眼行吗？
—By all means.
当然可以。
By all means,I would like to see you this evening!
无论如何，我今晚想见你一面！
（2）by no means 决不；一点也不
—Am I wrong？我错了吗？
—No,by no means.不，一点也不错。
She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.
她绝不是一个毫无经验的老师。
（3）by means of 用；依靠
We can express our feelings by means of words.
我们用语言表达感情。
The load was lifted by means of a crane.
重物是用起重机吊起来的。
（4）by this means 通过这种方式
3.experience
例句集锦
n.
It was her first experience of living alone.
那是她第一次单独生活。
He has many interesting experiences in his life.
他的一生中有很多有趣的经历。
She has years of experience in teaching.
她有多年的教学经验。
Do you have any previous experience of this kind of work？
你以前干过这种工作吗？
It is important to try and learn from experience.
努力从经验中学习是重要的。
v.
Everyone experiences these problems at some time in their lives.
每个人在人生的某个阶段都会经历这些问题。
The child has never experienced kindness.
这个孩子从没被善待过。
用法归纳
*experience作“（一次）经历；体验”解时，是可数名词；作“经验”解时，是不可数名词。
*experience作及物动词时，意为“经历；经受；遭受；体验”。
4.popular adj.
例句集锦
This is one of our most popular designs.
这是我们最受欢迎的设计之一。
She likes to sing popular songs.
她喜欢唱流行歌曲。
By popular demand,the tour has been extended by two weeks.
应大家的要求，这次旅游延长了两周。
She is very popular with the students.
她深受学生们的喜爱。
用法归纳
*popular用作形容词，主要义项有：流行的；受欢迎的；受喜爱的；通俗的；大众化的
特别提示
表示“受某人的欢迎”，只能用be popular with sb.不能用be popular by sb.。
5.however
例句集锦
He was feeling bad.He went to work,however,and tried to concentrate.
他感觉不舒服，但他仍然去上班，并且努力集中精神工作。
It’s raining hard.However,I think we should go to school on time.
（=But I think we should go to school on time.）
雨很大，然而我想我们还是应该按时去上学。
However hard it’s raining,we should go to school on time.
=No matter how hard it’s raining,we should go to school on time.
无论雨下得多大，我们还是应该按时去上学。
She has the window open,however cold it is outside.
不管外面多冷，她都开着窗户。
However carefully I explained,she still didn’t understand.
无论我解释得多么仔细，她还是没弄懂。
用法归纳
*however主要有两个义项：
（1）然而，可是；仍然
作此意时，其显著特点是与逗号连用。
（2）无论多么；不管多么
通常与形容词或副词连用，引导让步状语从句，相当于该形容词或副词+ever引导的状语从句。
6.once
例句集锦
conj.
Once you show any fear,he will attack you.
一旦你表现出胆怯，他就会进攻你。
Once（it is）printed,this dictionary will be very popular.
一旦付印，这本词典会很受欢迎。
The water is fine once you are in!
一旦你下了水，就会觉得水里挺舒服。
adv.
I’ve been to Beijing once.
我去过北京一次。
She only sees her parents once every six months.
她每半年才看望父母一次。
He once knew her,but they are no longer friends.
他曾经与她熟识，但现在他们之间已没有友情。
If she once decides to do something,you won’t change her mind.
她一旦决定干什么，谁也改变不了她的主意。
用法归纳
*once可用作连词和副词。作连词时的主要义项为：一……就；一旦；当……时候。
作副词时的主要义项为：一次；曾经；曾；根本。
特别提示
once引导的状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
相关归纳
（1）all at once 突然；骤然；忽然；一起；同时
All at once she lost her temper.
她突然大发脾气。
I can’t do everything all at once —you’ll have to be patient.
我不能万事一把抓呀，你可急不得。
（2）at once立即，马上；同时
Come here at once!
马上到这里来！
（3）once more（=once again）再一次；再次
Once more/again the train was late.
火车再次晚点。
Let me hear just once more.
让我再听一遍。
（4）once or twice 一两次；几次
I don’t know her well,I’ve only met her once or twice.
我跟她不很熟，我只见过她一两次。
（5）once in a while偶尔
（6）once upon a time从前
（7）Once bitten,twice shy.
一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
7.protect v.
protection n.
例句集锦
Troops have been sent to protect aid workers against attack.
已经派出军队保护救援人员免遭袭击。
They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.
他们挤在一起，免受风吹。
He was wearing sun-glasses to protect his eyes from the sun.
他戴着太阳镜以保护眼睛不受阳光的伤害。
It’s soldiers’ duty to protect our country against attack.
保护国家免遭侵略是士兵的职责。
He asked to be put under police protection.
他请求警方保护。
The government is ready to introduce protection for the car industry.
政府准备对汽车工业实行贸易保护。
用法归纳
*protect v. 主要义项有：保护；防护。
常见结构：protect sb./sth.from;protect sb.against
●重点短语 1.at the same time 同时；一齐；但是；然而；不过
例句集锦
She was laughing and crying at the same time.
她又笑又哭。
Don’t all speak at the same time.
大家别同时说话。
This is a difficult problem,at the same time it is extremely interesting.
这是一个很难的问题，然而又很有意思。
You have to be firm,but at the same time you should try and be sympathetic.
你必须要严格，不过也应尽量怀有同情心。
相关归纳
（1）at all times 总是；随时；永远
Our representatives are ready to help you at all times.
我们的代表随时准备帮助你。
（2）at the best of times 即使在最好的情况下
He’s never very happy at the best of times —he’ll be much worse now!
他即使在情绪最好的时候也从未高兴过，现在就更糟了。
（3）at a time 每次；逐一；依次
She ran up the stairs two at a time.
她一步两阶地跑上楼梯。
（4）at times 有时；间或
He can be really bad-tempered at times.
他有时脾气可真坏。
2.see sb. off 为……送行；送别；赶走；驱逐（某人）；（在游戏、战斗等活动中）打败；击败
例句集锦
Thousands of people were at the airport to see them off.
数以千计的人在机场为他们送行。
The dogs saw them off in no time.
几条狗立刻把他们吓跑了。
The home team saw off the challengers by 68 points to 47.
主队以68∶47击败前来挑战的客队。
3.not at all
例句集锦
He was not tired at all.
他一点儿也不累。
I didn’t agree at all.
我根本就没同意。
—Thank you very much for your help.
多谢你帮忙。
—Not at all,it was a pleasure.
别客气，不用谢。
用法归纳
not at all可以用在否定句中，意思是“根本不,一点也不”；也可单独使用，特别是在答语中，意思是“一点也不,没关系,不用谢”。
相关归纳
at all 到底；真的；竟然。可用于肯定句及疑问句，起强调作用，常带有较强的感情色彩。
Do it well if you do it at all.
要做就要做好。
4.find out 了解（情况）；打听；发现；查出（坏人）；识破
例句集锦
We must find out the truth of the matter.
我们必须了解事实真相。
Can you find out his address for me？
你能帮我打听一下他的地址吗？
I haven’t found anything out about him yet.
我还没发现有关他的什么情况。
We found out later that we had been at the same school.
后来我们才弄清楚我们是校友。
He had been cheating the taxman but it was years before he was found out.
他过去一直在欺骗税务部门，只是多年以后才被查出来。
●必背句型
1.reason结构
教材原句
Yet there are other reasons why people travel.
然而还有人们喜欢旅游的其他原因。
特别提示
reason后接定语从句，如果reason在定语从句中作宾语，定语从句应由关系代词that（可省略）引导，否则应由why引导。
补充例句
Do you know the reason why he was absent today？
你知道他今天缺课的原因吗？
He was absent today.The reason（that）he gave was that his mother was ill.
他今天缺课了，原因是他母亲病了。
相关归纳
（1）Do you know the reason for his being absent today？
你知道他今天缺课的原因吗？
特别提示
“the reason for +名词/动名词”表示“……的理由/原因”。
（2）The reason why he was absent today was that he was ill.
他今天缺课的原因是他病了。
特别提示
汉语中的“原因是因为……”，在英语中要用“The reason is that...”来表达，不可以用“The reason is because...”，也就是说，reason后的表语从句应由that引导。
2.unless引导的状语从句
教材原句
You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim.
=You should not go rafting if you don’t know how to swim.
如果你不会游泳，你就不要去乘筏漂流。
特别提示
1.注意unless的否定含义：unless=if not；
2.注意unless引导的状语从句中的时态：用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
补充例句
We’ll go for a picnic this weekend unless it rains.
=We’ll go for a picnic if it does not rain.
如果天不下雨，本周末我们将去野餐。
He won’t go there unless invited.
=He won’t go there if he is not invited.
若接不到邀请，他是不会去那儿的。
You won’t get paid for time off unless you have a doctor’s note.
除非你有医生的证明，否则你不上班便拿不到工资。
3.so的替代作用
教材原句
—You see you can do it.
你看，你可以做得很好。
—I hope so.我希望如此。
特别提示
so表示“这样，如此”时，可用来替代整个句子或某一情况的全部，常与think,expect,hope,believe,suppose,imagine,guess等动词及形容词afraid连用。
补充例句
—Do you think we’ll have good weather this weekend？
你认为周末天气会好吗？
—I hope so.我希望如此。
—Is he seriously ill？他病得很重吗？
—I’m afraid so.恐怕是的。
相关归纳
—Do you think it’ll be fine this Saturday？
你认为这周六天气会好吗？
—I don’t suppose so.（或I suppose not.）我想不会好的。
特别提示
把suppose so,think so,imagine so等结构变为否定式有两种方法：可用动词的否定结构，或用not替代so。
—Do you think he will be angry when he sees this broken vase？
你认为当他看到这破碎的花瓶，他会生气吗？
—I hope not.（hope的否定结构只有这一种）
我希望不会。
4.must的推测性用法
教材原句
You must be very tired.（Unit 2 P8）
你一定很累了。
Tree after tree went down,cut down by the water,which must have been three metres deep.
洪水想必深达三米，树一棵接一棵地倒下，被洪水冲断了。
特别提示
must可以用于对肯定或有把握的事情或情况表示推测，意思是“必定，准是，很可能”。
1.“must+do”表示对现在情况的推测。
2.“must+have done”表示对过去情况的推测。
3.“must+be doing”表示对正在发生的动作或将要发生的动作的推测。
特别提示
补充例句
—He entered the room just now.He must be here.
他刚刚进屋，他一定在这里。
—I’m sorry he isn’t here.He must have left already.
抱歉，他不在这儿。他准是走了。
He must have stayed up last night,for he is a little tired in the morning.
他昨晚一定熬夜了，因为他早晨就有点疲惫。
—Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
汤姆很年轻就大学毕业了。
—Oh,he must have been a very smart boy then.
那么，他一定是一个很聪明的小伙子。
There will be an English test tomorrow.He must be preparing for it now.
明天要考英语，他现在一定在准备考试。
相关归纳
That can’t be our class teacher.He has gone to Beijing.
那不可能是我们的班主任，他已经去北京了。
You can’t have met our class teacher.He has gone to Beijing.
你刚才不可能见到班主任了，他已经去北京了。
特别提示
表示否定推测只能用can’t，不能用mustn’t。
He must have seen the film,hasn’t he？
他一定看过这部电影了，是吗？
He must have seen the film yesterday,didn’t he？
他一定是昨天看的这部电影，是吗？
特别提示
情态动词can和must表示推测时，其反意疑问句不能用情态动词，必须去掉情态动词之后在句子本来意义的基础上进行反问。如例句：He must have seen the film.可以理解为He has seen the film.，所以反意疑问句用hasn’t he？例句：He must have seen the film yesterday.可以理解为He saw the film yesterday.，所以反意疑问句用didn’t he？
疑难突破
1.beat,hit,strike
（1）beat表示有目的地在某物上连续不断地打，可以是轻打，也可以是重打。beat还可以表示在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方。
（2）hit着重指打中和击中这一结果，强调敲打或击中对方的某一点。
（3）strike指用力地“击打”，表示短暂的动作，含有急速地或突然地一次性殴打、打击或敲击，有时与hit通用，可以用于比喻意义。
应用
（1）They put a piece of wet paper on top of the characters and ______ it lightly.
（2） The stone ______ him on the head.
（3）When we heard our team ______ the Japanese team we ______ the drums gladly.
（4）______ while the iron is hot.
（5）When I got home,the clock was ______ seven.
答案：（1）beat （2）hit （3）beat,beat （4）Strike （5）striking
2.but,however,while
（1）but是连词，连接两个并列的成分或句子，在意义上构成对比，语气比较强。
（2）however（然而、尽管）作副词时的显着特点是与逗号不可分：置于句首，其后用逗号；置于句中，前后用逗号；置于句末，其前用逗号；however还可以引导状语从句，意思是“不管怎样”。
（3）while可以用作连词，连接并列句，表示对两种情况或两个动作的对比，意思是“可是;……而”。
应用
（1）I like computer games,______ I have no time to play.
（2） It’s raining hard.______,I think we should go out.
（3）He said that it was so; he was mistaken,______.
（4）She listened to me closely ______ he read something.
（5）______ hard it may be,do it best.
（6）The girls are dancing ______the boys are singing.
答案：（1）but （2）However （3）however （4）while （5）However （6）while
3.instead,instead of
instead of取代；而不。其用法相当于介词，常用在名词、副词、形容词、代词、介词短语或动名词之前。
instead是副词，不能接任何词。
应用
（1）If you are busy,you may come another day ______.
（2）If you are busy,you may come another day ______ today.
（3）I didn’t go out to play,______,I did some washing at home.
（4）______ going out to play,I did some washing at home.
（5）Things will be better ______ worse.
（6）Your teacher is ill.I’ll give you the class ______ him.
答案：（1）instead （2）instead of （3）instead （4）Instead of （5）instead of
（6）instead of
4.catch（take）fire,be on fire,put out fire,be out,set sth.on fire
（1）catch/take fire意为“着火”,强调动作，主语为燃烧物。
（2）be on fire意为“着火;在燃烧”,表示状态，主语为燃烧物。
（3）put out fire意为“扑灭火”,表示动作，强调结果，主语为灭火的人。
（4）be out意为“火灭”,表示状态，主语为fire。
（5）set sth.on fire=set fire to sth.意为“放火烧……”,主语为放火的人。
应用
Yesterday evening a shop near our school 1 for some reason.When the firefighters arrived,it 2 for about twenty minutes.They tried their best to 3 .And at last the fire
4 .The police thought someone 5 the shop 5 and now they are trying to find out who 6 it.
答案：1.caught/took fire 2.had been on fire 3.put out the fire 4.was out /was put out 5.set;on fire 6.set fire to
5.wear,dress,put on,have on,in,be dressed in,pull on,with
（1）强调动作
sb.dress sb./oneself
sb.put on（衣服、鞋、帽等）
sb.pull on（衣服、鞋、帽等）
（2）强调状态
sb.wear（衣服、鞋、帽、手套、眼镜、头发、胡须等，还可接颜色）
sb.have on（衣服、鞋、帽、手套等）
sb.be in（颜色、衣服）
sb.be dressed in（颜色、衣服）
（3）其他用法
pull on表示不经心地、随随便便或匆匆忙忙地穿/戴上。
wear可用于进行时，有时可用wearing作状语或定语。
have on不可用于进行时，也不可用现在分词作状语或定语。
in除了同be连用作表语外，还可单独作定语。
dress还可用作不及物动词，指“日常的穿着”。
with只能接眼镜、手套等，用作定语。
应用
（1）She got up late,so she ______her clothes and went to school in a hurry.
（2）She is ______a new skirt today.She looks more beautiful.
（3）He is going out.He is ______ an overcoat.
（4）The nurses are all ______in white.
（5）She ______her son and sent him to school.Then she ______herself in a coat and went to work .She always ______well.
（6）When a person is born,he/she______ nothing______.When he/she dies,he/she carries nothing away.
（7）When did you get the shoes you ______yesterday？
（8）She likes to ______black（clothes）.
（9）The girl ______ red is our monitor.
（10）The woman teacher ______glasses is your new English teacher.
答案：（1）pulled on （2）wearing/in （3）putting on （4）dressed （5）dressed,dressed,dresses （6）has,on （7）had on/wore （8）wear/be dressed in/be in （9）in （10）with
6.fight for,fight against,fight with
fight for意为“为……而战;为争取……而战”。
fight against接事物名词，意为“为反对……而斗争”。接人或国家名词，意思是“与……战斗”。
fight with 意为“与……（并肩）战斗”或“与……战斗”（=fight against）。
应用
（1）Two dogs fight ______ a bone,and a third runs away with it.
（2）They are fighting ______ better working conditions.
（3）They were fighting ______ the enemy to gain their freedom.
（4）They fought ______ the Italians in the last war and against them in this.
答案：（1）for （2）for （3）against （4）with
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，27）I have lost one of my gloves.I ______ it somewhere.
A.must drop B.must have dropped
C.must be dropping D.must have been dropped
剖析：参见“必背句型4”。
答案：B
【例2】 （2004年全国卷Ⅲ，31）Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures ______ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed
剖析：根据there be ...句型的特点，pictures之后不能用谓语动词形式，故排除B。A为不定式表示将来；D为现在分词完成式表示已完成的动作；因此C项正确。全句意思为“阅读是完全不同于看电视的体验，它是在头脑中形成图像，而不是在眼前形成图像”。
答案：C
【例3】 （2004年全国卷Ⅳ，30）Several weeks had gone by ______ I realized the painting was missing.
A.as B.before C.since D.when
剖析：本题考查连词引导状语从句的知识。before作连词时有很多译法，要根据上下文翻译成恰当的汉语。本句可译为“几周过去了我才意识到画不见了”。又如：
The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it.
大火燃烧了大约四个小时，消防队员才将火势控制住。
You’d better write it down before you forget it.
你最好趁着现在还没忘把它记下来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.
不久我们就会再次见面。
You must finish your work before you go home.
回家前你必须把工作干完。
答案：B
【例4】 （2004年江苏，28）—You haven’t lost the ticket,have you？
—______.I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.
A.I hope not B.Yes,I have
C.I hope so D.Yes,I’m afraid so
剖析：此题考查反意疑问句答语的用法。根据反意疑问句的规则，若陈述句为否定式，反意疑问部分为肯定式，要根据事实来回答，即回答 “Yes,I have.”，意为“不，我已丢了”；回答“No,I haven’t.”，意为“是的，我没丢”。结合语境，尤其是最后一句可知最佳选项为A，意为：“希望我不会丢了票。我知道此时此刻再弄一张票不容易。”
答案：A
【例5】 （2004年江苏,24）He got to the station early,______ missing his train.
A.in case of B.instead of C.for fear of D.in search of
剖析：本题考查介词短语，in case of意为“以防……，万一……”；instead of意为“顶替，代替”；for fear of意为“以免……，唯恐……”；in search of意为“搜寻，寻找”。根据句意，C项为最佳答案。
答案：C
补充：
【例1】 （2002年 NMET，34）The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.
A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun
剖析：once begun为once it is begun的省略形式，once作“一旦”解，引导条件状语从句。
答案：D
【例2】 （2002年 NMET,26）Jumping out of ______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ______ exciting experience.
A./;the B./;an C.an;an D.the;the
剖析：airplane为可数名词，第一次提及时，前面必须有不定冠词，故排除A、B、D三项。experience作“经验”讲，是不可数名词;作“经历”讲，是可数名词。如：He has no experience of teaching.他没有教学经验。He has many interesting experiences in his life.他一生中有很多有趣的经历。
答案：C
【例3】 （2000年 NMET，14）Someone called me up in the middle of the night,but they hung up ______ I could answer the phone.
A.as B.since C.until D.before
剖析：本句可以译为“我还没来得及接电话，他们就把电话挂上了”。
答案：D

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