语法专讲之从句-人教版
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第一讲 名词性从句
1．主语从句
（1）引导主语从句的关联代词不达意和关联副词如下：
who, what, which, whichever, whatever, whoever, when, where, how, why
例：What you need is more practice.
When we shall have our meeting is still a question.
Who will go to the conference is not important.
(2)形式主语it
主语从句可以放在句子后部，而用it 作形式主语放在句首，尤其是连词 that 引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。即：it +be+adj.+that-clause。但是，what, whatever, whoever, whichever 引导的主语从句一般不后置。
例：It is certain(that) he will come.
It’s a pity(that)you missed such a good journey.
It won’t make too much difference when we will start.
(3) what和that引导的主语从句的区别：
what作为关联代词，引导主语从句时，在从句中必须充当句子成分；而that作为连词，引阳主语从句时，其本身没有实际的意义，不充当句子成分，在句首时不能省略。
例：What I want to know is your address.
That they ask for better living and working conditions is right.
要特别注意连词that 用于其中的这种句型：
It + be +p.p. + that-clause 例如：
It is said that in China there are 50 million people with disabilities.
It is hoped that the blacks will have equal rights.
(4)whatever, whoever, whichever 引导的主语从句：
whatever, 相当于anything that, 是 what 的强调形式，表示“什么都，任何的事或物”。例如：
Whatever she does is ridiculous.
Whoever是who的强调形式，相当于anyone who ,表示“任何……的人都，凡是……的人都”。例如：
Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.
Whichever “ 无论哪个；无论哪些”，既指人，也指物；可以单独使用，也可修饰名词，可以跟of 短语连用。
例如：Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a helping hand to others.
Whichever book you borrow doesn’t matter to me.
(5)whether 和if 引导的主语从句的区别：
whether 引导的主语从句可放在句首，也可放在后面，但if引导的主语从句一般放在句尾。例如：
Whether I’ll go there is not decided.
It is not decided whether/if I’ll go there.
2.宾语从句
（1）宾语从句中的虚拟语气
a. desire(愿望)，demand(要求)，insist(坚决要求)，order(命令)，request(请求)，suggest(建议)，propose（提议，建议）等词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，宾语从句的谓语形式有两种：should + 不带 to 的不定式，或者省略should，直接用不带to 的不定式。例如：He insisted that she (should)stay here for another week.
They suggested that we(should)start at once.
b. wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，宾语从句的谓语形式有三种情况，请观察下列例名：
I wish they would stop fighting.
(表示对将来的愿望)
I wish I could fly.
(表示对现在的愿望)
I wish I were(口语was) as rich as he.
(表示对现在的愿望)
He wishes he had tried more things at college.
(表示对过去的愿望)
（2）及物动词和短语动词的宾语从句
在许多动词（如believe, know, think）之后that 皆可用可不用；在某些动词如（answer, imply）之后则一般需要用that. That也常出现在像assure, convince, inform, instruct sb. That, remind sb. That, tell sb. That之后。在较长的句子里，特别在“that-从句“与动词隔开时（即：及物动词后面跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时），that一般皆不可省。例如：
Everybody knows(that)money doesn’t grow on trees.
He answered that he would go.
The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay.
短语动词（不及物动词+介词）不能跟“that从句”。例如：He boasted about his success. = He boasted that he was successful.
但以疑问词不达意开关的名词性从句前面的介词则不可省去。例如：
He boasted about how successful he was.
(3)介词的宾语从句
介词except, in, but后可以跟“that从句”，但在介词及短语动词后多跟“the fact that从句”。例如：He has no special faults except that he doesn’t try hard to learn from others.
His love of literature was due to the fact that his mother read poetary to him when he was a child.
The fact that 从句常跟在诸如 because of , in view of(鉴于)，on account of(由于)，owing to(由于)，due to(由于)，in spite of(不管)，despite（不管），等之后。
(4)形容词的宾语从句
在许多描述个人情感的形容词（如：afraid,glad,happy,pleased,sorry）或者是表示确信无疑的形容词（如certain,sure）之后皆可跟“that从句”，that可以省略。
例如：I’m sure(that)you’ll win.
I’m afraid(that) we’ve sold out of tickets.
(5)whether和if引导的宾语从句
在动词和少数用于否定的形容词，如not sure和not certain之后，whether和if 两者都可以用。例如：
I wonder if(whether)Jack can swim in such a wide river.
I’m not sure if(whether)my son can come back on time.
3.表语从句
（1）that和what引导的表语从句的区别：
that在引导的表语从句中，充当连词的作用，没有实际意义，不作句子成分；what在引导的表语从句中，充当连接代词的作用，代替the thing(s) that,作句子成分。例如：
Our plan is that we’ll go there once a week.
That’s what he said.
(2)引导表语从句时，用whether,不能用if .例如：
The question is whether he has signed the contract. (不能用if)
（3）reason后面的表语从句用that 引导。请比较下面两个复合句。
You must tell him the reason why ,that you won’t accept his offer.
The reason why we don’t trust him is that(口语用because)he has often lied .
4．同位语从句
（1）能跟同位语从句的名词
idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等名词后面，可以跟that 或者连接代词、连接副词引导的同位语从句。同位语从句只是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面的名词具体的含义。例如：
We are surprised at the fact that the children did it all on their own.
They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again.
(2)同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句。
The suggestion(that) he raised at the meeting is very good.(作宾语时，可以省略)
The suggestion that the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.
(3)引导同位语从句时，用whether,不能用if .例如：
The question whether the Prime Minister should resign must be decided soon.
【典型例题】
1._______we can’t get seems better than _______we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
2. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______her or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. wherever D. whenever
3.—Do you remember_____ he came ?
---Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. how B .when C. that D. if
4._____we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
5. _____is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
【强化训练提高】
1．Go and get your coat, It’s ____you left it.
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
2. It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
3. The question is ______ the film is worth seeing.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
4. One of the men held the view _____ the book said was right.
A. that what B. what that C. that D. whether
5. They received orders _____the work be done at once .
A. which B. when C. / D. that
6. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge ,I can’t remember_____.
A. where B. there C. which D. that
7. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---Is that _____you had a few days off ?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
8. The step-mother was punishing the poor girl, but she insisted that she _____the flower vase.
A. didn’t break B. not break
C. doesn’t break D. shouldn’t break
9. Can you make sure _____the gold ring ?
A. where she had put B. where had she put
C. where she has put D. where has she put
10. Rose looks pale. What do you think ____to her?
A. that has happened B. to have happened
C. that has been happened D. has happened
11. I wish it ____fine tomorrow.
A. would be B. will be C. is D. to being
12. He has come , but I didn’t know that he ____ until yesterday.
A. is coming B. will come
C. was coming D. wasn’t coming
13. Energy is ____ makes thing work.
A. what B. everything C. something D. that
14. The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.
A. why; why B. why; because
C. why; that D. that; because
15. He often thinks of ____ he can do more for his county.
A. what B. how C. that D. which
16. He does not think the question of____ they are men or women is important.
A. whether B. if C. which D. why
17. It was ordered that all the soldiers ____ to the front.
A. should send B. must be send C. should be send D. must go
18. I wish I ____ that mistake in my examination.
A. did not make B. have not make C. do not make D. had not made
19. Air is to us ____ water is to fish.
A. is that B. what C. which D. that
第二讲 状语从句
1． 时间状语从句
通常由从属连词when, whenever, as, while, before, after, as soon as, till(until), since, once(一旦)等引导。例如：
The cyclist started just as the lights changed to green.
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
We had all handed in our papers before the bell rang.
Once you understand the rules of the game, you’ll injoy it.
He didn’t leave his office until he had finished the day’s work.
(1)一些表示时间的名词词组如the moment , the minute , the day , the year, every time , next time, 副词immediately, directly, instantly 等也可引导时间状语从句。例如：
I’ll tell you about it the moment you come.
I recognized her the minute I saw her.
I’m going to see him next time he comes to Shanghai.
He left Europe the year World War Ⅱ broke out.
I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.
My sister came directly(=as soon as) she got my message.
(2) when, while和as
when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。例如：
I was fat when I was a child.
When they came home, I was cooking dinner.
When the film ended, people rush out of the hall.
While引导的动作必须是持续性的，强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。例如：He took a bath while I was preparing dinner.
She watched TV while(she was) eating.
as用于引导“在某行为的继续中发生某事”的“继续之行为”，所以多与过去进行时连用。
As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for directions to the nearest station.
He sang songs as he was taking a bath.
(3) till和untill
till和untill意义相同，多数情况下可换用，但用以强调，句首多用untill ; 在强调结构或与not 连用时多用till。例如： Nothing can be done till(until)the boss returns.
We waited till(until)they came back.
Until we know the facts, we can’t do anything about it.
It was not until today that it was made public.
Not until midnight did the noise of the street stop.
(4)hardly…when和no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意，也可引导时间状语从句。从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用过去完成时。hardly及no sooner置于句首时，语气较强，主句的谓语要部分倒装。例如：
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
The spy had no sooner returned home than he was told to go to another country .
No sooner had the spy returned home than he was told to go to another country.
(那个谍报员刚踏进国门就被受命要去他国。)
2．地点状语从句
通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
I found the books where I lift them.
Make a mark where you have any questions.
Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home.
(1)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。例如：
Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
Where(ver) there’s plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
(2)where 引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别
where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。例如：
Go back where you came from.
Go back to the village where you came from.
Bamboo(竹子)grows best where it’s wet and rainy.
Bamboo grows best in places where it’s wet and rainy.
3.原因状语从句
通常由because, since, as 引导，其中because表示原因，语势最强, since稍弱，as 最弱。
He took off his hat because he felt hot.
Because it was wet, I didn’t go out for a walk.
Don’t do anything simply because other people are doing it.
(1)在强调句型中，引导从句只能用because,不能用since或as 。例如：
As/Since he was not at home, I spoke to his brother.
Since he can’t answer the question, you’d better ask someone else.
As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at home.
Since we’re young, we shouldn’t be too afraid of making mistakes.
4.目的状语从句
通常由that, so that, in order that, so 等连词引导。例如：
He took medicine on time that he might get will again.
The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can/may understand well.
She has bought the book in order that she can follow the TV lessons.
(1) 目的状语从句中的谓语常含有may (might), can(could),should, will等情态动词。通常主句在前，从句在后，主句与从句之间没有逗号.
(2) 由that 引导的目的状语从句现在用得较少,通常为so that 或in order that所取代, in order that多用于正式文体中, so可用于口语或非正式文体中．例如：
We’ll sit nearer the front so(that)we can hear better.
(3)在非正式文体中，常用in case引导目的状语从句，表示“以防、以免”等含义。例如：
He left early in case he should miss the train.
Take your raincoat in case it rains.
(Take your raincoat in case it should rain.)
5.结果状语从句
通常由连词that, so that, so…that, such…that等引导。例如：What have I done that you should be so angry with me?
He had overslept , so that he was late for work.
He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word.
He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.
(1)so…that和such…that引导的结果状语从句都表示主句的动作或状态达到一定程度而引起的结果。
　So是副词，用来修饰形容词、副词、分词或其他结构，such是形容词，用来修饰名词（可数或不可数名词）或名词短语。例如：
　There were so many people in the room that we couldn’t get in.
So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital.
(so位于句首时，主句的词序须倒装)
　The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of facts.
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
Such修饰单数可数名词且名词前有形容词时，可用so替换such,冠词与形容词交换位置，构成so + adj. + a(an) +名词，上面的句子可写成：
　He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.
又如：This is such a beautiful chair that I’m thinking of buying it.
This is so beautiful a chair that I’m thinking of buying it .
(2)区别由that, so that引导的目的状语从句和结果状语从句的方法
1）根据上下文及句子所表达的意思判断。
2）根据句子的结构来判断。从句之前有逗号的常是结果状语从句；从句中有情态动词的多半是目的状语从句。例如： She hurried, so that she caught the bus. (结果)
She hurried so that she might catch the bus.
I went to the lecture early, so that I got a good seat.(结果)
I’m going to the lecture early so that I may get a good seat.（目的）
6．条件状语从句
通常由if, unless(如果不，除非)，as(so) long as (只要)，in case(that)(结果，万一)等连词引导
If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
In case anything important happens, please call me up.
万一发生了什么重要事情，请打电话给我。
I’ll lend it to you as long as you handle it with care.
只要你小心使用，我会借给你的。
（1）if和unless
unless是比if …not略为正式的表达法，unless从句的谓语动词只能是肯定式，例如：
Do not come unless I call you.
=Do not come id I do not call you.
Unless he’s in uniform, he doesn’t look like a policeman.
(2)If only常表示愿望或一未实现的条件，尤用于感叹句。表示“但愿，要是……就好了”。
If only he arrives in time!
If only I had met him earlier!
If only it would stop raining!
7.方式状语从句
通常由as, as if, as though引导
You must do the exercises as I show you.
I’ll do as I’m told to.
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
He walked slowly as if(though)he had hurt his leg.
as if , as though引导的状语从句，多描述非现实情况，应用虚拟语气，但口语中也有用陈述语气的。例如：
He walked as if he were(was)drunk.
He treats me as though I am(were)a stranger.
8.比较状语从句
通常由as…as, not so(as)…as, than等引导。例如：
His brother is as handsome as he(him).
The film was not so(as)good as I had expented.
Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.
I play tennis as well as him(he does).
She has a lot of books, but I don’t have as(so)many.
He swims faster than any other student in his class.
(1) as和than引导的比较状语从句常常省去与主句中相同的部分，只留下相比较的部分。例如：
She looks far older than she is .
It’s generally more expensive to travel by plan than by train.
(2)the +比较级（接从句），the +比较级（接从句）这一句型一般也归在比较状语从句内，表示“越……（就）越……”
The more you study, the more you dnow.
The more I know her, the more I liked her.
The harder we work, the happier we feel.
The quicker you get ready, the sooner we’ll be able to leave.
The less she worried, the better she worded.
The more air there is inside the tyre, the harder it is pressed.
9.让步状语从句
通常由though, although, as(虽然，尽管)，even if, even though, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who(what, which, when, where, how) whether等引导。
（1）由although, though, as 引导的状语从句although和though同义，用法基本相同。前者较正式，多置于句首；后者较通俗，口语化。
He didn’t light the fire though/although it was cold.
Although he is quite old, he still jogs every day.
As引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，语序要倒装，它比用though或although引导让步状语从句更有表现力，语气更强。
Rich as he is (=Although he’s rich), I don’t envy him.
Difficult the task was ,they managed to finish it in time.
Child as he is , he knows a lot.
Much as I love it, I’ll not buy it.
Though引导的让步状语从句，除了用于自然语序外，也可用于倒装语序，although则不可用于此句型。
Clever though(as)you may be, you cannot do that.
(2) even if, even though
even if, even though表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。
I’ll do it , even if it takes me all the afternoon.
Even if he did say so , we cannot be sure that he was telling the truth.
Even if 的从句中含有强烈的假定性，even though多以此句内容为前提。例如：
Even if he is poor, she loves him.
(尽管他很穷，她还是爱他。)
（3）由wh-词+ever引导让步状语从句
Keep calm, whatever happens.
Whenever you call on me , you are always welcome.
口语中常用no matter wh-来代替，
wh –ever 引导让步状语从句。
No matter what I did(=Whatever I did), no one paid any attention.
Wherever(= No matter where)you work,you can always find time to study.
However(= No matter how)often you ring, no one will answer.
(3) whether引导让步 状语
whether(…or)引导让步状语从句，提供两个或两个以上供选择的条件。
Whether he drives or(whether he)takes the train, he’ll be there on time.
Whether I go alone or whether he go(es) with me , the result will be the same.
【典型例题】
1．If we word with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _____great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
2. Mother was worried because Alice was ill, especially ____Father was away in France.
A. as B. that C. during D. if
3. Why do you want a new job ____you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
4. ---What was the party like?
---Wonderful! It’s years ____I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. before C. when D. since
5. We won’t give up ____we should fail ten times.
A. even if B. since C. whether D. until
【强化训练提高】
1．_____difficult the work may be, we must go allout to finish it ahead of time.
A. Whatever B. However C. How D. What
2.¬¬¬_____time went on, the truth has come to light.
A. When B. With C. By D. As
3.—You seem to have that car for years.
--Yes, I should sell it ___it still runs.
A. before B. during C. until D. while
4.____I met him, he was wording as a secretary in a big company.
A. Since the first time B. The first time
C. The first time which D. For the first time
5.He knew the problem was serious and promised to look into it ____ he reached office.
A. that moment B. for that moment
C. immediately D. soon
6.— When will the decision be made to deal with the matter?
-- Nothing is going to happen ____ I have looked into it further.
A. no matter B. when C. until D. whatever
7. We’ll be able to get there on time ____ our car doesn’t break down on the road.
A. as soon as B. as far as
C. as well as D. as long as
8._____you have made a promise, you should carry it out.
A. Until B. Once C. For D. While
9. Hardly had the game begun ____ it started to rain.
A. as B. than C. when D. while
10. The museum will have to close ___ the government agrees to give extra money.
A. until B. if C. when D. unless
11.—Will you go to attend her birthday party？
--No, ___ invited to.
A. if B. until C. when D. even though
12.____ everybody knows abut it, I don’t want to talk any more.
A. For B. Even C. Since D. However
13. We do not necessarily grow wiser ___ we grow older.
A. as B. than C. that D. because
14. He sent the letter by air mail ___it might reach them in good time.
A. because B. so as to C. so that D. for
15. — It was ___ I came back that he went to bed.
__ It was obvious that he was worried about you.
A. why B. because C. when D. not until
16. Shanghai is developing very fast. Now it has ____ factories than in Hangzhou.
A. a lot of more B. many more C. quite more D. much more
17. --- Could I borrow your dictionary?
--- I’d get it for you ___ I could remember who last borrowed it.
A. only if B. if only
C. except that D. considering that
18. He sensed something unusual ____ he stepped into room.
A. hardly when B. as long as
C. for the moment D. the moment
19. Call me at once ____ anything goes wrong with the machine.
A. when B. how C. because D. but
20. --- Why was the price of bread so high that year?
---____ the war broke out.
A. As B. Since C. For D. Because
第三讲 倒装
1．完全倒装
（1）用于there be 句型
例如：There are many students in the classroom.
（2）用于“here, there, now, then + 不及物动词+主语”的句型中或以out, in, up, down, away等副词开头的句子中，表示强调。
例如：There goes the bell.
Now comes your turn.
Out went the students.
(但代伺作主语时不倒装)
例如：Here he comes. Here it is.
（3）当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，要全部倒装。
South of the city lies a big still factory.
（4）表语用于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。
1）形容词+连系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were professor White and many other guests.
2)过去分词+连系动词+主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
3)介词短语+be+主语
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
4)用于so, nor, neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容，要用倒装。
例如：He has been to Beijing, so have I.
Li Wei can’t answer the question, Neither can I .
5)为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语可倒装。
例如：They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.
2.部分倒装
（1）用于疑问句和省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。
例如：Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.
Were I you, I would do the work better.
(2)用于no sooner…than…, hardly…when…和 not until句型中。
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question.
(3)用于never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, often, at, no time, not only, not once等词开头的句子。
例如：Never shall I do this again.
Little did he know who the woman was.
(4)用于某些表示祝愿的句子。
例如：May you succeed!
【典型例题】
1．Not until all the fish died in the river___ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize
B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize
D. didn’t the villagers realize
2. So ____ that no fish can live in it.
A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow
C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow
3. Not only ___ polluted but ____ crowded.
A. was the city; were the streets
B. the city was; were the streets
C. was the city; the streets were
D. the city was; the streets were
4. Only by practicing a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.
A. you can B. can you
C. you will D. will you
5. Little ____ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he came B. did he care
C. he cares D. he cared
【强化训练提高】
1. _____ seen him before, _____ tell you his name?
A. Never have I; how I can
B. I have never; how I can
C. Never have I ; how can I
D. I never have; how can I
2. Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn’t realize C. I realized
3. Hardly ___ the bus stop ____ the bus arrived.
A. we had got to; when B. we had got to; then
C. had we got to; than D. had we got to; when
4. – Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
-- I don’t know, ____.
A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also
5. ____ sat down for a rest ____ the door bell rang.
A. Hardly had I; when B. Hardly had I; than
C. Hardly I had; when D. Hardly I had; than
6. – You seem to be an actor.
-- ____ .I have played many parts in a lot of films.
A. So do I B. So am I C. So I do D. So I am
7. Not only ____ working hard, but also ____ very polite.
A. the boy is; he is B. is the boy; he is
C. the boy is; is he D. is the boy; is he
8. ____ , he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
A. Try as he does B. As he tries
C. Try as does he D. As try he does
9. – I can’t see the picture well from here.
-- ____.
A. Neither can’t I B. Neither I can
C. I can’t neither D. Neither can I
10. –You ought to have given them some advice.
--____ , but who cared what I said?
A. So ought you B. So I ought
C. So it was D. So I did
11. Not until he arrived home ___ he find that his wallet had been stolen.
A. did B. would C. when D. that
12. So carelessly ___ that he almost killed himself.
A. he drives B. does he drive
C. did he drive D. he drove
13. – This is one of the oldest trees in the world.
-- ___ such a big tree.
A. Never I have seen B. I haven’t never seen
C. Never have I seen D. I have seen never
14. Nowhere else in the world __ cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.
A. a tourist can find B. can a tourist find
C. a tourist will find D. a tourist has found
15. ____ succeed in doing anything.
A. Only by working B. By only working hard we can
C. Only we can by wording hard
D. Only by working hard can we
16. Not only __ repair bikes but he ___ repair televisions.
A. he can; also can B. he can; can also
C. can he; also can D. can he; can also
17. ___ did we go swimming in the Changjiang River.
A. Only B. Once C. Seldom D. When
18. The door opened and ___ a middle-aged woman __ an expensive fur coat.
A. came in; in B. in came; in
C. came in; on D. in came; on
19. So rapidly __ that we could hardly follow him.
A. he spoke B. did he speak C. he was speaking
D. was he speaking
20. –Do you know exactly_____?
--Sorry, I don’t.
A. how many rivers are there in China
B. how many rivers there are in China
C. how many rivers are they in China
D. how many rivers they are in China
21.___ that we all went out, lying in the sun.
A. So fine was the weather
B. So was the fine weather
C. The weather was so fine
D. So the weather was fine

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