| 高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 10---12 |
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北 京 四 中 重点词汇、短语与句型： 1.in danger 在危险中 2.die out 灭绝，逐渐消失 3.as a result of 作为…的结果 4.lead to 导致 5.take measures 采取措施 6.adapt to 适应 7.at present 现在，目前 8.devote to 献身于…，专心于 9.make a difference 有关系，有影响 10.in the wild 在自然环境中 11.throw away 扔掉 12.in common 共同（的），共有（的） 13.turn …into 把…变成 14.become endangered 变的处境危险，受到危害 15.before 的用法 16.set free 释放 17.reduce 的用法 18.respond to 回答，对…作出反应 19.give advice 提出建议 20.a large amount of 大量的 21.spread的用法 22.to 表示“伴随，按照” 23.a series of 一连串的，一系列，一套 24.in trouble 处于困境 25.come across 偶然遇见,碰见 26.believe in 信任，信仰 27.turn around 转过身来 28.not just…but… 不仅…而且… 29.原因和结果： Why…? Because/As/Since Because of … , I … If…, then… As a result of… It follows that… 30.做出决定和看法： I’d prefer to… Which do you prefer, …or …? Can’t we…? There are several things we could do. 知识点归纳： 1.before 从属连词，“在…之前”，但在具体的句子中，译法多种多样。 表示“…才…” “没来得及…就” “…后…才…” eg. ⑴He measured me before I could get in a word.没等我插上一句话他就给我量好了尺寸。 ⑵She was angry before I could explain to her.我还没来得及向她解释，她就生气了。 ⑶He asked a second question before I could answer the first question. 我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。 ⑷I hadn’t waited long before he came.我没等多久他就来了。 ⑸We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot. 不等天太热，我们一大清早就出发。 ⑹They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up. 他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。 ⑺We walked a whole day before we got to the forest.我们走了一整天才到了森林。 It won’t be …before… 用不了（多长时间）就会… It will be…before… 得过（多长时间）才… It wasn’t …before… 没过（多长时间）就… It was…before… 过了（多长时间）才… ⑴It will be a long time before we finish the task.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务。 ⑵It wasn’t long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会使用计算机了。 ⑶It was some time before he told me about this affair.过了一段时间之后他告诉了我这件事。 ⑷It won’t be long before we meet again.不久之后我们还会再见面的。 高考题链接： ①Someone called me up in the middle of night, but they hung up_________ I could answer the phone.（NMET2000） A. as B. since C. until D. before 分析：根据语境，“半夜有人给我打了电话”以及“but”一词的语气（表转折），可知“我还没来得及接，电话就挂断了”。 答案：D ②The American Civil War lasted four years______ the North won in the end.（2005广东高考） A. after B. before C. when D. then 分析：本句意为“美国国内战争持续了四年，北方才最终获胜”。after和when在此句中做连接词，不符和上下文的语境。then是副词，意为“然后”，如选D，要在then前加连词and。 答案：B 2.devote vt. 致力于，把…专用于… *常用于以下结构：(其中的to 是介词，因此其后面应接sth./doing sth..) devote oneself to … devote one’s life to… devote time to … devote money to… devote energy to… be devoted to… eg. ⑴He has devoted his whole life to science.他把一生都献给了科学事业。 ⑵I don’t think it worthwhile to devote so much time to discussing the matter. 我认为要花这么多时间来讨论这件事不值得。 ⑶They devoted all their hours to working in their laboratory. 他们把所有的时间都投入到实验室的工作中。 ⑷He devoted himself to protecting the wild animals.他致力于保护野生动物。 ⑸Mr. Smith devoted all his life to helping the disabled.史密斯毕生致力于帮助残疾人。 ⑹The newly married couple living next door to us are devoted to sports. 住在我们隔壁的那对新婚夫妇非常喜欢体育运动。 ⑺The magazine is devoted to science.这本杂志专门刊载科技文章。 *devoted adj. 献身…的，专心于…的；忠实的 eg. ⑴He is a devoted son.他是一个孝子。 ⑵She is a devoted wife and mother.她是一个贤妻良母。 ⑶He is devoted to his children.他深爱他的孩子。 高考题链接： Although the working mother is very busy, she still ________ a lot of time to children.（2000上海高考） A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides 分析：根据语境，“尽管母亲工作忙，她仍然把好多时间用在孩子身上”。四个选项中只有devote和spend可以表示“某人花时间…”，而spend 用于spend time （in） doing sth.结构，所以此处应用 devote one’s time to （把时间用于…）。 答案：A 3.danger n. 危险 常用于以下词组中： in danger 在危险中（指句子主语的处境危险） in danger of… 有…的危险 in no danger 没有危险 in great danger 十分危险 out of danger 脱险 eg. ⑴His life is in danger.他生命有危险。 ⑵The workers in danger have been rescued.处于危险中的工人已被解救。 ⑶They were in danger of death.他们有死亡的危险。 ⑷She is in danger of losing her job.她有失去工作的危险。 ⑸He was seriously ill a few days ago, but he is now out of danger. 他几天前病得很厉害，但现在已脱离危险期了。 ⑹The doctor told the patient that he was in no danger/ out of danger. 医生告诉病人他已脱离危险。 ⑺Ships out in this storm are in great danger.轮船在这种风暴中出航要冒极大的危险。 *类似的词组有： (be) in work 在业，有工作 (be) at work 表示（人）正在工作，从事于，（机器）正在运转 eg. ⑴He is in work again. 他又有工作了。 ⑵The workers out of work are on strike.失业的工人在罢工。 ⑶My father was at work at that time.我父亲当时在工作。 ⑷The new machine is at work.这台新机器在运转。 *dangerous adj. “危险的”， 指主语本身会给周围的人或物造成的危险。 dangerously adv. eg. ⑴The river is dangerous for swimmers. 在这条河里游泳有危险。 ⑵He is a dangerous guy .他是个危险人物。 ⑶That machine is dangerous : the wiring is faulty.这个机器危险：电线有毛病。 ⑷The busy road is dangerous to small children.道路拥挤繁忙，对小孩太危险。 ⑸The man was driving dangerously.那名男子在危险驾驶。 *endanger v. 危害，危及（某人/ 某事物），使遭受危险 eg. ⑴The oil spill endangered thousands of birds.石油的溢泄危及成千上万的鸟儿。 ⑵The polluted air in the city is badly endangering the health of the people. 城市中被污染的空气严重地危及人民的健康。 ⑶Drunk-drinking can not only cause traffic accidents, but also endanger the lives of pedestrians.酒后驾车不仅会造成交通事故，而且会危害到行人的生命。 考题链接： It seemed that he was _____ losing his life. Luckily, he was ____ in the end. A. in the danger of; out of danger B. in danger of; out of danger C. in the danger of; out of the danger D. in danger of; out of the danger 分析：根据句意：看起来他似乎有失去工作的危险，幸运的是，他最终脱离了险境。 in danger of doing sth.有…的危险，其反义词为out of danger。 答案：B 4.to 介词，按…… 节拍；伴随。如： ⑴She often sings to the piano.她常用钢琴伴唱。 ⑵This type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music to dance to. 这种音乐在英国很有名，是很好的舞蹈音乐。 ⑶The students are doing eye exercises to music.学生们正在跟着音乐做眼保健操。 ⑷The map was drawn to scale.这地图是按比例绘制的。 其他to短语： grow to a length of 15 meters 长到15米 dive to a depth of 1000 meters 潜入到1000米深 wet to the skin 湿透 be moved to tears 感动得流泪 be frozen to death 冻僵 fight to the last man 战斗到最后一人 5.satisfy vt. *使（某人）满意或满足； eg. ⑴Nothing satisfies him; he’s always complaining.他对什么都不满意，总是抱怨。 ⑵That answer won’t satisfy her.那样的答复不会使她满意。 *满足（需要、愿望等），达到（要求等） eg. ⑴She has satisfied the conditions for entry into the college.她已符合进入这所学院的条件。 ⑵They tried to satisfy the needs of the people for vegetables.他们尽量满足人们对蔬菜的需求。 *satisfied adj. （感到）满意的 satisfying adj. 令人满意的 satisfaction n. 常用短语： be satisfied with/ that… to one’s satisfaction 使某人满意的是 eg. ⑴I’m satisfied with you/ your answer/ what you said.我对你/ 你的答复/你所说的话很满意。 ⑵She is quite satisfied now that his letter has come.他的信收到了，她感到相当满意。 ⑶She gave a satisfied smile. 她露出了满意的笑容。 ⑷I felt quite satisfied after my big meal.我这顿饭吃的很多，觉得很饱。 ⑸It was a satisfying result.这是一个令人满意的结果。 ⑹This is a satisfying job.这是一个令人满意的工作。 ⑺I expressed my satisfaction with these clothes.我对这些衣服表示满意。 ⑻To our satisfaction, he solved the problem alone.令我们满意的是，他独自解决了难题。 *介词with 常与某些动词的过去分词连用，构成比较固定的搭配，但译成汉语却很灵活。如： be filled with 充满… be crowded with 挤满… be covered with 覆盖着… be equipped with 装备有… be piled with 堆满… 高考链接： Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ______ his boss.（2000北京、安徽春季高考） A. serves B. satisfied C. promise D. supports 分析：根据题意：“Nick正在寻找另一份工作，因为他所做的一切都不能使老板满意”以及各个选项的词义（serve为…服务，promise承诺，support支持），可知选satisfied。 6.measure v. 测量，量度，判定 eg. ⑴The tailor measured me for suit.裁缝给我量尺寸做衣服。 ⑵It’s hard to measure his ability when we haven’t seen his works. 我们没有看到他的作品很难估计他的能力。 ⑶His eyes measured the newcomer from top to bottom.他的眼上下打量看新来的人。 ⑷Did you measure the distance?你量过这段距离吗？ *measure n. “尺寸，标准，措施”，常用于下列短语： make sth. to measure 定做 take measures 采取措施 be measured in +计量单位的复数形式 用…（作为计量单位） eg. ⑴A metre is a measure of length.米是长度单位。 ⑵The tailor made a suit to my measure.裁缝为我定做了西装。 ⑶The government took measures to stop pollution.政府已采取措施防止污染。 ⑷The authorities took measures to prevent tax fraud.当局已采取措施防止偷税漏税。 ⑸The energy is measured in calories.能量是以卡为单位计量的。 ⑹It seems that the dress is made to her measure.好像这连衣裙是给她定做的。 考题链接： What measures were ____ to reduce the air pollution in that area then? A.acted B.taken C.given D.done 分析：采取措施：take measures，本题用于被动语态。 答案：B. 7.die out : *（of families, species, etc.）no longer have any members left alive （指家族、物种等）死光，灭绝； eg. ⑴The habitat of the species is being destroyed and has nearly died out. 这一物种因栖息地遭到破坏，几乎灭绝了。 ⑵Dinosaurs died out.恐龙灭绝了。 ⑶Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish. 如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，那么它们不久就会灭绝。 *（of a custom, practice, ideas, etc.）no longer be common（指习俗、做法、观念等）消失，过时； eg. ⑴The old traditions are dying out. 旧传统正在消失。 ⑵The practice of children working in factories has nearly died out. 工厂中使用童工的做法已几乎绝迹。 *（of a fire） to lose force or power（指火）熄灭。其后不接宾语 eg. ⑴It took a long time before the big fire died out . 过了很长一段时间那场大火才渐渐熄灭。 ⑵The fire died out in the end.火终于熄灭了。 其他常见的die 短语： *die from ：常用于由于外部创伤或间接的原因致死 eg. He died from an accident /a wound/ overwork /polluted air /carelessness. 他死于事故 /受伤/过度劳累 / 污染的空气 / 粗心。 *die of：一般用于害病，疲劳，寒冷，饥渴，年老，失望，悲伤等感情原因造成死亡 eg. He died of joy/ fear /disappointment / grief /old age /hunger /cold. 他死于高兴 / 恐惧 / 失望 / 悲伤 /年老 /饥饿 /寒冷。 当表示因病而死时，用die of 或die from均可，如：die of/ from illness（因病而死），die of/from heart disease/cancer （死于心脏病/癌症）。 *die for “为…而死，为…献身”，表示因为事业或目的而死 eg. ⑴The soldiers died for his country / the revolutionary cause / the people / liberty / the national dignity.战士为国家/ 革命事业/ 人民/ 自由/ 国家的尊严而献身。 ⑵To die for the people is an honour, not a misfortune.为人民而死是荣誉，不是不幸。 *die off 表示相继死去，直到绝种的意思，其后不能接宾语 eg. ⑴The members of the family had all died off.这家人一个个都死了。 ⑵The poor children died off because of lack of food.由于缺乏食品孩子们一个个死去。 *dying for sth./to do sth. 渴望… eg. ⑴I’m dying for something to eat.我极想吃点东西。 ⑵He is dying to know where you’ve been.他极想知道你去哪里了。 *其他情况： ⑴Xiang Lin-sao died poor. 祥林嫂在穷困中死去。 ⑵He died a millionaire.他死时是个百万富翁。 8．插入语 一般是对一句话作一些附加的解释。如果去掉插入语，对句子结构并无影响。插入语可用于陈述句, 或疑问句（要用陈述语气，且疑问词应放在插入语的前面），其位置可在句中或句末。常见的插入语有：I hope, I think, I wonder, do you believe, I guess, I suppose, you see, don’t you think, don’t you know, I tell you, what’s more等。 eg. ⑴How much money did he say he spent in traveling abroad?他说他在国外旅行花了多少钱？ ⑵Which food do you think is healthy and which is unhealthy? 你认为哪种食物是有益于健康，哪种无益于健康？ ⑶Where did she suggest we should shopping?她建议我们去哪儿购物？ ⑷That will be a good beginning, I hope.希望这是一个良好的开端。 ⑸The report, I think, was both interesting and instructive. 我觉得这个报告既有意思又有教育意义。 ⑹When do you suppose they’ll be back?你认为他们会在什么时候回来？ 高考题链接： ①He made another wonderful discovery , _______ of great importance to science.（1998上海高考） A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is 分析：本题考查定语从句中插入语的用法，因为插入语必须位于引导词之后，所以D项不对。因为做定语从句的主语，所以不能再用it，B、C明显不对。 答案：A ②Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, _______ , she gets well paid for it.（2005浙江高考） A. sooner or later B. what’s more C. as a result D. more or less 分析：“sooner or later”意为“迟早”，“as a result”意为“结果”，“more or less”意为“或多或少”。根据题意： “Maggie很幸运找到了她喜欢的工作，而且报酬也不错”，此处应选“what’s more”（而且），做插入语。 答案：B ③Mum is coming. What present ______ for your birthday? （2005福建高考） A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got 分析：本题选项中的do you expect为插入语，用来征求对方的意见或征询对方的看法，这种特殊疑问句的主谓语应使用陈述句语序。 答案：C 9.adapt: *适应（新环境）,常用于：adapt to sth.. adapt oneself to sth. eg. ⑴Generally speaking, the species that are able to adapt to the change of the environment will survive, while the others will die out. 一般来说，能够适应环境变化的物种会继续生存下去，而那些适应性差的物种就灭绝。 ⑵When you are abroad, you must find ways to adapt yourself to the culture and custom there.你到国外后，要设法使自己适应那里的文化和风俗习惯。 ⑶Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境。 *改编，改写，修改某事物 eg. ⑴The film Farewell My Concubine was adapted from the novel of the same title by Hong Kong novelist Li Bihua.电影《霸王别姬》是根据香港作家李碧华的同名长篇小说改编的。 ⑵This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original. 那部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。 ⑶This machine has been specially adapted for use underwater. 这机器是为水下使用而特别改装的。 *adaptable adj. 能适应的，可改编的 adaptation n. 适应，改编本 adaptability n. 适应性 adaptor n. 适配器，转接器 10.at present 目前，现在 eg. ⑴She is busy at present and can’t speak to you now.她现在忙，不能和你说话。 ⑵We don’t need any help at present.我们现在不需要帮助。 *for the present 目前，暂时 eg. ⑴I’ve got enough money for the present.我的钱暂时够用。 ⑵I can’t remember his name for the present.我一时记不起他的名字了。 *presently adv. “马上，立刻”， 在美国英语中也可表示“现在”的意思 eg. ⑴I’ll be with you presently.我不久就可以陪你。 ⑵The Secretary of state is presently considering the proposal.国务卿现在正在考虑该项建议。 ⑶The manager will be here presently.经理马上就来。 11.common adj.共同的，共用的，普通的，常见的 常用短语： in common 共同，共用 in common with… 和…一样 out of the common 不平常的 have something / a lot/much in common with sb./sth. 和…有些（许多）共同之处 have nothing /a little/little in common with 和…没有（有一点，几乎没有）共同之处 eg. ⑴They are sisters, but they have nothing in common.他们虽是姐妹，但毫无共同之处。 ⑵In common with many young people, he likes pop music.和许多年轻人一样，他喜欢流行音乐。 ⑶Real friends should have everything in common.真正的朋友应该不分彼此。 ⑷In common with most educated people he prefers classical music to jazz. 如同大多数受过教育的人，他也喜欢古典音乐而不喜欢爵士乐。 ⑸The two brothers have little in common in their manners.这兄弟俩的举止极少有相似之处。 ⑹He noticed nothing out of the common.他没发现异乎寻常的事。 考题链接： They have a lot ______ and become good friends. A. in case B. in common C. in surprise D. in peace 分析：根据句意：他们有许多共同之处，成了好朋友。应搭配成have a lot in common。 答案：B 12．set free 释放，…自由 ⑴The PLA men broke into the prison and set all the revolutionaries free. 解放军打进监狱，把革命者全部释放。 ⑵Great power is set free when water is boiled.水煮沸时会释放出巨大的能量。 ⑶I opened the cage door and set the bird free.我打开鸟笼把鸟儿放了。 *free adj. 自由的，无拘无束的；免费的；空闲的 短语：be free to do sth. 自由自在，不受拘束地做某事 be free from/of… 不受…影响的 free and easy 不拘束的，轻松的 free of charge 免费 for free 免费 eg. ⑴Everyone is free to express himself.每个人都可以畅所欲言。 ⑵Anyone who buys this breakfast food gets a free gift of a small plastic toy. 购买这份早餐食物的人都可得到一件免费的塑料玩具。 ⑶The atmosphere in the office is quite free and easy.办公室的气氛很轻松。 ⑷The doctor will be free in ten minutes. Can you wait that long? 医生十分钟后有空，你能等一下吗？ ⑸She was free from all blame for the accident.那次事故完全不能怪她。 ⑹The old lady is never free from/of pain.那位老太太从未摆脱过病痛。 ⑺Delivery is free of charge if goods are paid for in advance.如欲付货款就可免费送货。 ⑻I got this ticket for free from somebody who didn’t want it.我这张票没花钱，是别人不要的。 *free v. 使自由，免除，解放，使松动 ⑴The little boy freed the bird from its cage.那小男孩把笼里的鸟儿放了。 ⑵I need to go out. Can you free me for an hour?我需要出去一下，你能让我离开一小时吗？ ⑶At last he freed himself from debt.他终于还清了债务。 13. as a result 结果是 as a result of… …的结果 eg. ⑴It rained heavily. As a result, we had to stay at home.雨下得大，结果，我们都得呆在家里。 =We had to stay at home as a result of the heavy rain. ⑵As a result of the pilot’s strike, all flights have had to be cancelled. 由于飞行员罢工，所有的航班被迫取消。 *result in … “引起，导致”，表示结果 result from…“作为…的结果”，表示原因 eg. ⑴The trial resulted in his being sentenced to two years’imprisonment. 审判结果是他被判刑两年.。 ⑵Hard work results in success.努力工作就能成功。 ⑶The election resulted in a great victory for their party.选举结果，他们的党取得巨大胜利。 ⑷Her injury resulted from a fall.她因摔倒而受伤。 ⑸The accident resulted from carelessness.事故是因粗心而引起的。 高考题链接： My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; _____, he could neither eat nor sleep.（2005江西高考） A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise 分析：本题考查句意及词组辨析能力，“after all”意为“毕竟”，“any way” 意为“无论如何”，“otherwise ”意为“否则的话”。题干前后为因果关系，因此选用as a result。 答案：A 14.reduce *vt. “减少，缩减，降低”，与to连用时表示“减少到，减低到”，与by连用时表示“减少了，减低了” eg. ⑴This shirt was greatly reduced in the sale.这种衬衣在大减价时降价很多。 ⑵The driver reduced the speed when the car was passing through a town. 当汽车穿过城镇时，驾驶员减慢速度。 ⑶Some fat people try to reduce their weight.一些肥胖的人设法减肥。 ⑷He won’t reduce the rent of our house.他不肯减收我们的房租。 ⑸Her weight has been reduced by 6 kilos.她的体重已减少了六公斤。 *vt. reduce sb./sth. to…使某人/某事物陷入某种（通常指更坏的）状态或状况中 eg. ⑴The fire reduced the house to ashes.这场火灾把那所房子化为灰烬。 ⑵Overwork has reduced him to a physical wreck.他过度劳累而损害了健康 。 相似用法：increase by…增加/长了… increase to…增加/长到… eg. ⑴The population has increased to 1.9 million now.人口现在已增加到190万。 ⑵The rate of inflation has increased by 2﹪.通货膨胀率已增长了2﹪。 高考题链接： ----The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into streets. ----Yes. But I’m sure something will be done to______ air pollution.(1996 上海高考) A. reduce B. remove C. collect D. warn 分析：根据题意“汽车向街道排放出大量的废气。是的，但我确信将采取某些措施来减少空气污染”，以及四个选项的词义，此处应选A. 答案：A 15.spread v. 传播，蔓延；铺开，摊开；伸展，扩展 eg. ⑴He spread the news around the town.他在镇上到处传播这一消息。 ⑵The bird spread （out）its wings.那只鸟张开了翅膀。 ⑶The strike has already spread to other factories.罢工已在其他工厂产生连锁反应。 ⑷Fear spread quickly through the village.全村不多久就人心惶惶了。 ⑸Flies spread disease.苍蝇传播疾病。 ⑹He spread the map out on the floor.他把地图铺在地板上。 ⑺Have you seen a desert spreading for hundreds of miles?你见过绵延上百英里的沙漠吗？ 短语：spread like wildfire （尤指谣言、传闻、疾病）飞速地传开 spread (sb./oneself ) out 使某人/自己离开其他人或散开 eg. ⑴The news spread like wildfire.消息不胫而走。 ⑵The search party spread out over the moor.搜索队在荒草地分散行动。 ⑶Don’t all sit together, spread yourselves out.别都挤在一块，分开坐吧。 高考链接： Papermaking began in China and from here it _______ to North Africa and Europe.（2002上海春季高考） A. spread B. grew C. carried D. developed 分析：根据句意“造纸术起源于中国，从这里传播到北非和欧洲”，应选spread 答案：A 16. match (1) vt. （在品质、颜色、设计等方面与---）相等，相当，相配 The tie matches your suit. 这领带与你的西装相配。 The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat. 衬衫的颜色与上衣不搭配。 The curtain matches the wall very well. 窗帘与墙壁十分搭配。 (2) vi. 相配，相当 These gloves do not match. 这两只手套不配对。 The curtains and carpets match well. 地毯与窗帘很相配。 These shoes do not match, one is large and the other is small. 这双鞋不相配，一只大一只小。 (3) vt. 与---比赛，匹敌 I can match Jack at this game. 我可与杰克在此项目上匹敌。 I often match my strength with my brother’s. 我常和我哥哥较力气。 (4) n. 火柴，比赛 He struck a match to light the room. 他划了根火柴来照亮房间。 There will be a football match between Class 1 and Class 2 this Saturday. 本周六一班与二班之间有场足球赛。 (5) n. 对手 You are no match for me in tennis. 打网球你不是我的对手。 He is more than a match for me. 他是比我高明的对手。 He never met his match in playing computer games. 打电脑游戏，他从未遇到过对手。 Have you found your match? 你遇上对手了吗？ 17.a series of 一系列，许多，一套，一组 a series of good harvests 连年的丰收 a series of questions 一系列问题 a series of Long March memorial stamps 一套长征纪念邮票 a series of pictures 连环画 Our army has won a series of victories. 我们军队连战皆捷。 She bought a series of stamps. 她买了一套邮票。 serial adj. 连续的，一系列的，一串的 n. 连续剧，连载小说等 the serial number of a check 一张支票的序号 An exciting new serial story will begin in our next week’s issue. 一个刺激而新颖的连载故事将于下周开始在本刊登出。 I prefer Korean TV serials. 我爱看韩剧。 18. in trouble 处于不幸或困境中 We should help those who are in trouble. 我们应该帮助那些处境困难的人。 Hi! You are in trouble, aren’t you? 你又遇到麻烦了，是不是？ When in trouble, you should turn to your friends for help. 你遇到困难时，应该向朋友求助。 相关链接： (1) ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃 You are asking for trouble yourself! 你真是自讨苦吃！ Forget me, please. Why do you ask for trouble?忘掉我吧，为什么你要自寻烦恼呢？ Don’t ask for trouble by worrying about exams. 别为考试担心而自寻烦恼了。 (2) have trouble in doing/with sth. 做事费劲 I have some trouble in doing my homework. 我做作业有些困难。 Do you have any trouble with grammar? 对付语法你有什么难处吗？ (3) get into/out of trouble 陷入困境，惹麻烦/摆脱困难 Little John was always getting into trouble. 小约翰总是惹麻烦。 He wanted to change for my money but he got into trouble. 他想给我找零钱，但陷入了困难。 If we work hard, we can get out of trouble. 如果我们努力工作，我们可以摆脱困境。 (4) go to the trouble of doing 不辞辛劳地做某事 She went to the trouble of explaining the sentence again. 她特意又解释了一遍那个句子。 She goes to the trouble of trying to advise him to give up smoking. 她不辞辛苦地劝他戒烟。 John went to the trouble of drawing pictures for children. 约翰不辞辛苦地为孩子们作画。 (5) make trouble 闹事，惹麻烦 Don’t make trouble in your classroom. 别在你们教室里捣乱。 My little brother often makes trouble in my study. 我的小弟第常在我的书房捣乱。 (6) be a trouble to do sth. 做某事是件麻烦事 Preparing this dish is a trouble. 准备这道菜是件麻烦事。 She doesn’t want to be a trouble of me. 她不想成为我的麻烦。 19. If only--- a) 从属连词，但它引起的从句却能单独成句，且能表达完整的意思，“要是---就好了”，表达一种不能实现或难以实现的愿望，相当于wish，但语气更强。 b) 从句的谓语要使用虚拟语气，表达现在不可能实现的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去式；表达过去不能实现的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成式；表达将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用would/could+动词原形或用一般过去式。 If only I had taken his advice! 要是我听了他的建议就好了！ If only I could swim! 我要是会游泳该多好！ If only she had had more courage! 当时她要是再勇敢一点就好了！ If only that photo weren’t missing! 但愿那张照片没有丢失。 If only it would stop raining. 要是雨能停下就好了。 If only I had more money I could buy a car. 要是我有更多的钱我就能买两辆汽车了。 If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train. 要是我们按时到，就不会误车。 c) only if “只有---”，引起陈述语气的真实条件句。 Only if you study harder, you will succeed. 只要更加用功学习，就会成功的。 Only if you try your best, you will not regret in the future. 只有尽了最大的努力，你将来才不会后悔。 20. come across （偶然）发现，遇见（不用于被动语态） I came across him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇见了他。 I came across his name on the list. 我无意中在名单上发现了他的名字。 A man was walking through a wood, and he came across a bear. 一个人正在树林里行走，他遇到了一头熊。 He suddenly came across an idea. 他突然有了个主意。 表示“偶然遇见”，还可以用以下短语： run across, meet with, happen to meet, run into, meet---by chance It was really unlucky that he met with an accident again. 真倒霉，他又出了一次事故。 考题链接： He owes me five pounds but I doubt if he’ll ever _____ with it. A. come up B. come along C. come in D. come across 答案：D 分析：come across (with sth.) “给或交给（钱、资料等）” 21. treat a) vt. 对待 treat---as/like They treated me as one of the family, which was very kind of them. 他们把我作为一个家庭成员来对待，他们真是太好了。 I treat him as one of my friends. 我把他当成我的一个朋友来看待。 His wife treats him badly. 他妻子对他不好。 b) vt. 治疗 treat a disease/sb. He is seriously ill, and is being treated in hospital now. 他病得很重，现正在医院接受治疗。 Are you able to treat his disease? 你能治他的病吗？ I’ll go to the dentist’s to have my teeth treated.我要去牙医那里治疗牙病。 c) vt. vi. 款待，请客 treat sb. to sth. It’s your turn to treat. 轮到你请客了。 The boy treated himself to a big cake. 那个孩子给自己买了一个大蛋糕。 d) vt. 讨论，探讨 The lecturer treated his subject thoroughly. 那个演讲者对其讲题阐述得很透彻。 The problem has been treated by numerous experts. 这个问题已经由很多专家探讨过了。 e) n. 乐事（尤指不常享用或突如其来者）；款待，招待 It’s a great treat for him to go to Canada. 去加拿大对他来说是一大乐事。 What a treat to get into the peace and quiet of the country! 居住在宁静的乡间真是一件乐事。 This is going to be my treat. 这次我请客。 22. compare v. 比较，和---相比 If you compare British football with American football you’ll find many differences. 你把英式足球同美式足球作一比较，你会发现许多不同之处。 If you compare both of our cars you’ll find they’re very much alike. 把我们这两辆汽车作一比较，你便会发现它们十分相似。 compare---to--- 把---比作--- Poets always compare life to a candle. 诗人们总是把生命比作蜡烛。 He rudely compared my homemade bread to a lump of rock. 他把我家做的面包比作硬石块，真是无礼。 He compares his lover to a rose. 他把情人比作玫瑰。 compare---with/to--- 把---同---相比 He likes to compare me to other kids. 他喜欢把我同其他孩子相比。 Can you compare this computer with that one? 你能将这台电脑同那台做个比较吗？ compared with/to--- 与---比较起来 Compared with/to her mother, she is tall. 和妈妈相比，她比较高。 London is large, compared to/with Paris. 与巴黎相比，伦敦较大。 23. force, power, strength n. 都可表示“力” force: 主要指使用并表现出来的使人或物体克服阻力、开始或加快运动的力，即实际上做功的力，引申为武力、暴力等。 power: 使用范围广泛，指能做功或起作用的任何力和力量，尤指产生效果的能力；可以是身体的或心理的，外在的或潜存的，固有的或获得的，具体的或抽象的。 strength: 多指人体或物体内存的某种能力，如气力、耐力、抵抗力、争斗力等。 You must use force to open that bottle. 你必须用力打开那个瓶子。 The thief took the money from the old man by force. 小偷用暴力夺走了老人的钱。 I don’t think the United States would come to an end if we lost our power to declare an Act of Congress void.我想如果我们没有力量宣布国会法案无效，美国也不会走向死亡。 The power of the government has increased greatly over the past century. 最近一个世纪以来，政府的权力大大加强了。 He claims to have the power to see into the future.他宣称具有预知未来的能力。 We have enough work to do, and we have strength to do the work. 我们有足够的工作做，也有足够的力量做这些工作。 We are of course a nation of differences. Those differences don’t make us weak. They’re the source of our strength. 当然，我们是一个有着许多不同的国家。这些不同不仅没有削弱我们，它们是我们力量的源泉。 It’s beyond/outside/not within my power to help you.我没有能力帮助你。 The press is a great power in this country. 这个国家里新闻界的影响力非常大。 The strength of feeling on this issue is considerable. 在这个问题上表现出来的情绪很强。 For a small woman she has surprising strength. 她个子虽小但力大惊人。 同步练习： 一、 单项选择 1.---I’ve got your invitation. ---Oh, good. ______(2002 北京) A. Can you come? B. Thanks a lot C. I’ll take it D. May I help you? 2.---Waiter! ---_____? ---I can’t eat this. It’s too salty.(2000 NMET) A. Yes, sir B. What C. All right D. Pardon 3.I saw the trees ______ the leaves were black with disease. A. where B. of which C. their D. whose 4.She spent as much time as she _____ the poor. A. could to help B. could helping C. was able to help D. wanted to help 5.How about the two of us _____ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 6.A thief is ____ danger to _______ society. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; / D. /; the 7.The following day she didn’t go to the club. _____ she took a short walk in a park nearby. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Besides 8.Even though they ____ side by side for 20 years, the two neighbors are not very friendly. A. have been living B. had been living C. have been live D. having been living 9.A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 10.Is it a fact that everyone in your town _____ God? A. believes B. believe in C. believes in D. believe 11.Bob said he was going to _____ himself to a vacation in the mountains because he had been so tired. A. press B. add C. touch D. treat 12.I’ll never forget the years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, _____ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who 二、 单词拼写 1.Many rare animals are ______(处于危险中). 2.We _____(测量) the stone and found its weight is 5 tons. 3.He is an ______(专家) in skin disease. 4.His spare time was ______(奉献，投身) to repairing bikes. 5.A large _______(数量) of praise was given to Tom. 6.She often ______(分担) my troubles. 7.There are _______(多种多样) of flowers in the garden. 8.The good news _____(传播，蔓延) in our village. 9.Love, joy, fear are all ______(感情，情绪). 10.Teaching is a pleasant _____(过程). 11.We can’t say that he is a person of poor _______(智力). 12.He was _______(满意的) to win a medal. 13.Our ______(当地的) doctor can’t treat this kind of disease. 14.It’s your turn to _____(请客). 15._____(知识) is power. 三、 短文改错 Mrs. Brown was walking near a playground. She was a hurry 1.___________ to visit her four grandchildren. She missed them very much 2.___________ because she had seen them for quite a long time. She was 3.___________ walking while suddenly she saw a ball coming in her 4.____________ direction. She was already in her seventy. Should she kick 5.____________ the ball to send it back and should she just go past leaving 6.____________ the ball where it was? Finally with greatly care she 7.____________ gave it a kick. The ball went straight out the goal. How 8._____________ wonderful it was! And she happened to have helped won 9.____________ the match. And all her four grandchildren were on team of 10.___________ the winners. 答案与分析： 一、 1.A 只有A才能表现出诚恳地征求对方的意见，其它答案不符合语境。 2.A Yes表示“什么事？怎么了？”，其中包含着“你有什么指教吗？”是服务员常用语。 3.B which替代先行词trees,还原为the leaves of the trees. 4.B spend some time (in) doing 花时间做某事。 5.C How/What about---? 常用来表示征求对方意见或向对方提出建议，后常接名词、代词或动名词。 6.C 此处danger意思为“危险物或有威胁的人”，是可数名词，前面加不定冠词；society当社会讲时，前不加冠词。 7.C therefore “因此”，表结果；however “但是”，表转折；instead“而是”，表选择；besides“而且”，表递进。 8.A 过去的状态延续到现在，并且现在正在进行，因此用现在完成进行时。 9.D 根据题意可知，新的电影院正在建设之中。 10.C that引导的是fact的同位语从句，believe in “信仰，信奉”。 11.D treat---to--- “款待” 12.B when是关系副词，在第一个定语从句中作时间状语；which是关系代词，在非限定性定语从句中做主语，代整个主句。 二、 1.endangered 2.measured 3.expert 4.devoted 5.amount 6.shares 7.varieties 8.spread 9.emotions 10.process 11.intelligence 12.satisfied 13.local 14.treat 15.Knowledge 三、 1.was后加in 2.正确 3.had后加not 4.while改为when 5.seventy改为seventies 6.and改为or 7.greatly 改为great 8.out 改为into 9.won改为win 10.on 后加the |
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