巧辨只在一言中

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在英语学习中,同学们难免会遇到易混淆的词语,如果孤立地记忆,不仅不利于区别,还容易遗忘。但是把它们放在一个句子里,它们的意思对比就会鲜明突出,用法及区别一目了然,也便于掌握。请看下面的例句:
1. At one time , we could borrow five novels from the library at a time .
过去,我们一次能从这个图书馆借五本小说。
析:at one time 意为“过去、曾经、一度”,相当于once 或in the past ; at a time 意为“一次”。
2. The manager is quite busy with her work at the moment . You”d better wait here for a moment and she”ll come soon .
经理现在正忙于工作,你最好在这里等一会儿,她马上就来。
析:at the moment 意为“此刻(用于现在时态中)”,“那时(用于过去时态中)”;for a moment 意为“(动作持续)片刻、一会儿”。
3. A number of experts think that the number of pandas in China is increasing .
许多专家认为中国的熊猫数量正在上升。
析:a number of 意为“若干、许多”,相当于a great / good many , 后接复数可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词常用复数;the number of 意为“……的数量”,后接复数可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
4. Though Miss King was alone , she was not lonely at all.
尽管金小姐独自一人,但她一点也不孤独。
析:alone 用作形容词时,作表语或后置定语,意为“单独的、独自的”,表示周围没有任何人或物;lonely 是形容词,主要指感觉上的“寂寞、孤独”。
5. I"m not a bit hungry but not a little thirsty .
我一点也不饿,可就是渴得要命。
析:not a bit 意为“一点也不”,相当于not at all ; not a little 意为“非常”,相当于quite .
6. The shirt does fit you well , but doesn"t suit your trousers .
这件衬衫确实很适合你,但和你的裤子不搭配。
析:fit 意为“适合”,指衣服、帽子、鞋子等在尺寸和形状上是否合适;suit意为“和……相称”,指颜色、质地等的协调。
7. The dying soldier who told us his story died before long and his death made us very sad .
那个垂死的士兵告诉我们他的经历,不久他便死了,他的死使我们很伤心。
析:dying ,形容词,意为“垂死的、快死的”;die,不及物动词,意为“死亡”;death ,名词,意为“死,死亡”。
8. The project which Mr Black was in change of is in the charge of Miss Green at present .
过去由布莱克先生负责的项目现在正由格林女士负责。
析:in charge of 意为“负责、掌握”,强调主动;in the charge of 意为“由……负责、掌握”,强调被动。
9. This long sentence is so hard that I can hardly understand what it means .
这个长句子那么难,我几乎不能理解它的意思。
析:hard,形容词,意为“困难的”;hardly,副词,意为“几乎不”。
10. Yesterday I had words with Mary , so she doesn”t have a word with me today .
昨天我和玛丽吵架了,因此她今天不和我说话。
析:have words with sb . 意为“与……吵架”,相当于quarrel with sb . ; have a word with sb . 意为“与……说话”,相当于have a talk with sb .
11. Mrs White goes to see her uncle year after year , and she finds he grows older year by year .
怀特夫人每年都要去看望她叔叔,她发现他一年比一年老了。
析:year after year 意为“年复一年”,强调动作的重复性;year by year 意为“逐年”,强调动作的发展性。类似的还有day (week , month )after day (week , month ),day (week , month )by day (week , month )。
12. After booking the plane ticket , he went into a restaurant and ordered a sandwich .
预订完飞机票后,他走进一家饭馆要了一份三明治。
析:book 意为“预订”,宾语常常是room,seat 和ticket 等;order则意为“点(菜)、定购”,如:I ordered some new books from America . 我从美国定购了一些新书。
13. Jack received an expensive gift , but he didn”t accept it .
杰克收到一份贵重的礼物,但没有接受。
析:receive 指的是一种客观上的“收到、接到”,但不一定接受;accept 指的是主观上“愿意接受”。
14. I couldn”t help repair her toy and the little girl couldn”t help crying .
我不能帮助这个小女孩修理她的玩具,她禁不住哭起来。
析:can”t help (to )do sth . 意为“不能帮助(某人)做某事”;而can”t help doing sth . 则意为“禁不住做某事”。
15. The old hunter shot at the bear but failed to shoot it .
老猎人向那只熊射击,但没有击中。
析:shoot at sb . (sth . )是“对准某人或某物射击”(可能击中,也可能没有击中);shoot sb . (sth . )是“射中或射死某人或某物”。

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