介词Preposition
中学英语教学资源网 → 英语教案 → 教学设计 手机版



介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，它表示的是它后面的名词或代词 (或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句) 与其他句子成分的关系。
一、介词的分类
介词可分为下列三类：
1. 简单介词：
about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to, towards, under, until, till, up, with等
2. 合成介词：
inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without等
3. 短语介词：
according to, ahead of, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, on account of, on behalf of , owing to, due to, together with, up to, in/with regard to, next to等
介词不能单独充当句子成分，它必须与名词、代词或相当于名词作用的成分（动名词、名词性从句、疑问词+不定式）构成介词短语才能充当句子的成分。
It’s going to be sunny tomorrow according to the weather forecast.
How much money need I take with me?
She is fond of collecting stamps.
I wonder how we can finish the job in time.
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
二、介词短语的句法功能
1. 作定语，例如：
I have lost the key to the door of my room.
我把房间的钥匙丢了。
Then a gentleman in black came forward.
这时一位穿黑衣服的先生走向前来。
2. 作状语，例如：
That was done without my knowledge and without my consent.
这件事我既不知道也没同意。
Don't stand under a tree during a thunderstorm.
雷雨时不要站在树下。
3. 作表语，例如：
The book is out of print.
这书已不再印行。
To be strict with a person is for his own good.
严是爱。
4. 作宾语补足语
When he came to life, he fond himself in a hospital.
当他苏醒时，他发现自己在一家医院里。
三、介词的固定搭配
1. At
1.[表示地点或位置]在…，经由 2.[表示时间]在…时（刻） 3.处于…状态
4.在…方面 5.向，朝，以…为目标 6.[表示速度、价格等]以
7.从事于，忙于 8.因为 9.根据，按照 10.出席，参加
11从一个间隔距离
be good at 精通于 be annoyed at 对……烦恼 be angry at 对……发怒
(take) aim at 瞄准 laugh at 因……而发笑 stare at 盯着看，凝视
at best 充其量 at first 开始 at large 自由地，未被捕地 at least 至少，起码
at length 最后，终于 at once 立即，马上 at present 现在
at rest 休息，静止不动 at times 间或，有时 at the risk of 冒……的危险
at a speed of 以……的速度 be quick at 敏于做某事 be amazed at 吃惊
be slow at 对……反应慢 attempt at 试图，努力 glance at 瞥见
work at 从事，致力于 at fault 有错 at intervals 不时
at last 终于，最后 at leisure 有空，失业状态 at most 至多，不超过
at peace 平静 at random 随机，任意地 at sea 茫然，迷惑
at work 在工作，在运转 at the price of 以……的价格 at the sight of 一看到
例如：
He was angry at his brother's remark.
他对他兄弟的批评很恼火。
I don't know him but he has been staring at me for ten minutes.
我不认识他，但是他盯了我足有十分钟。
I know I am at fault.
我知道我错了。
The escaped prisoner is still at large.
那逃犯仍逍遥法外。
He is at present away on his holidays.
他现在到外地度假去了。
2. About
1.在…周围，在…身边 2.在/去…各处 3.关于，对于 4.（时刻、大小、数量等）大约 5.从事于 6.[后接不定式]刚要，正准备
careful about 小心 particular about 对……讲究 careless about 粗心
doubtful about 对……怀疑 sure about 肯定 concerned about 担心
a complaint about 抱怨，叫屈 bring about 引起，带来
care about 关心，介意 leave about 乱放，乱扔 anxious about 担心，想念
crazy about 迷恋 hopeful about 抱……希望 enthusiastic about 热心于
certain about 有把握 anxiety about 忧虑，担心 inquire about 询问
agree about 就……取得一致意见 hang about 闲荡，聚在……附近
come about 发生，产生 order about 不断差遣
例如：
How did it come about?
那事是怎样发生的?
She is crazy about pop music.
她对流行音乐着了迷。
English people are always making complaints about their weather.
英国人老是埋怨天气不好。
He is enthusiastic about the music of Brahams.
他热衷于布拉姆斯的乐曲。
Harry likes eating very much but he isn't very particular about the food he eats.
哈里很爱吃，但对他所吃的食物倒并不讲究。
3. Against
1.（反）对，违反 2.碰着 3.倚在，紧靠着 4.以…为背景 5.对…不利
6.以…为防御（或抵抗）对象 7.与…竞争 8.与…相邻
fight against 反对 vote against 投票反对 protect … against 保护……免受
stand against 反对，经受住 guard against 防护 protest against 反对，抗议
rise against 起来反抗 run against 对……不利，违反 strive against 与……作斗争
a defence against 防护，保卫 a protest against 抗议，反对
例如：
I protest against their criticism.
我对他们的批评提出抗议。
Those clothes don't give you much protection against the cold.
那些衣服不能使你御寒。
He should guard against passing on disease to his family.
他应当注意别把病传给自己家里的人。
4. By
1.在…旁 2.在…身边/手头 3.[方向]偏于 4.沿，经由 5.经过…旁边
6.不迟于，到…时为止 7.[表示方法、手段]靠，用，通过 8.由于
9.根据，按 10.被，由 11.相差 12.逐批 13.[表示关系]就…来说
14.对待 15.对着…发誓
pull … by 拉住 by mistake 弄错，失误 by virtue of 凭借，由于
by means of 使用 by aid of 借助于 by way of 经由 by birth 天生
by nature 天生地 by profession 就职业而言 by heart 记住 by post 邮寄
catch … by 抓住 stand by 支持 by chance 偶然，碰巧 by turns 轮流
by appearance 从外表 by name 名叫，以名字 by far ……很多，最
by accident 偶然 by force 以武力，强迫地 by marriage 联姻而产生的
例如：
He is by nature a kind, generous fellow.
他是个天性和蔼慷慨的人。
They sent the letter to me by mistake.
他们误把那封信送给了我。
The old Roman armies had several generals who took command by turns.
古罗马的军队由几位大将轮流指挥。
By virtue of his victory, he felt he could do what he pleased.
由于胜利，他感到可以想干什么就干什么了。
I probably know him by sight but not by name.
我大概见面认识他，不过叫不上名字。
5. For
1.[表示目的]为了 2.[表示对象、用途等]对于、适合于 3.[表示目标、去向]往，向
4.代替，代表 5.[表示等值或比例关系]换 6.[表示愿望、爱好、特长等]对于
7.赞成，拥护 8.由于 9.虽然，尽管 10.就…而言 11.当作，作为
12.[表示时间、距离、数量等]达，计 13.[表示约定的时间]在
an admiration for 羡慕，赞赏 an apology for 道歉 a need for 需要
(make) an arrangement for 作安排 an attraction for 吸引，招引
a capacity for 能力，力量 a passion for 热情，爱好 a cure for 疗法，(治某病的)药
desire for 期望，希望 a fitness for 合适 a gift for 天赋，才能
a reputation for 名誉，声望 responsibility for 责任，职责
sorrow for 对……感到悲痛 a talent for 才能，天资 vote for 投票赞成
favourable for 适宜 late for 迟到 anxious for 渴望 competent for 胜任
for good (and all) 永远 for the sake of 为……缘故 for the better 好转
for the purpose of 为……目的 for a change 改变一下
for the time being 暂时 for fear of 以免 an affection for 喜欢……
application for 申请 (make) preparation for 为……作准备
blame for 责怪，责备 cause for 理由 readiness for 为……准备就绪
an occasion for 时机，机会 a demand for 需要，需求
evidence for 证据，根据 a fondness for 喜欢 a reason for ……理由
a respect for 尊敬，尊重 a search for 搜寻，找寻 sympathy for 同情
taste for 喜好，爱好 famous for 因……出名 ready for 为……准备好
eager for 迫切要 hungry for 渴望 convenient for 方便 for short 简称
for certain 肯定地 for ages 很久 for the benefit of 为……利益
for anything 无论如何 for want/lack of 缺乏 for the present 暂时
例如：
I should like to repeat my opening remarks for the benefit of those who just came in.
我愿重复一下我的开场白，以便让刚入场的人也能听到。
New York is famous for its skyscrapers.
纽约以其摩天大楼而著称。
His excuse for being late was that his train was delayed.
他晚到的理由是火车晚点了。
This new school will have no playground for the time being.
这所新学校将暂时没有操场。
If one does not have respect for oneself, one can't expect others to respect him.
如果一个人不能自重，那么就别指望别人尊敬他。
Nobody knows the age of the earth for certain.
没有人确切知道地球的年龄。
6. From
1.[表示起点]从…（起） 2.[表示来源]自，从…中 3.[表示根据]据，从…
4.[表示原因、动机]出于 5.[表示原料]由 6.[表示情况、状态的转变]从
7.[表示脱离、离开]离 8.[表示去除、免掉、阻止等] 9.[表示识别、区别]
10.[后接副词或介词短语]从
different from 与……不同 absent from 缺席 safe from 安全 remote from 远离……
free from 免受…… separate…from 把……分离 protection from 保护，保卫
retirement from 退休 die from (因受伤、饥寒等)死亡 discourage … from 劝……不做
keep … from 使……不做 (某事) prohibit … from 禁止，阻止 distant from 远离
recover from 恢复，康复 hear from 接到……的信(或电报等) distinct from 有差别
stop … (from) 劝阻……不 from bad to worse 每况愈下，愈来愈坏
from first to last 始终，一直 from now on 自现在起 recover from 复原
absence from 缺席，不在场 relief from 消除，免除 prevent … (from) 阻止
differ from 与……不同，相异 dismiss … from 解雇，使……离职
infer … from 从……推论出 protect … from 保护……以免 resign from 辞职 suffer from 受……之苦 tell … from 把……与……区分开来
from a distance 从远处，远远地 from the heart 诚心诚意地 from the first 从一开始
例如：
From the first I disliked him.
从一开始我就不喜欢他。
The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased.
患心脏病的人数已经上升了许多。
Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different from mine.
爱伦和我在同一个历史班，但他的作业跟我的不同。
I thank you from the heart.
我衷心感谢你。
We are prohibited from smoking on school grounds.
我们不准在校园内吸烟。
It is difficult to think of Hong Kong island as distinct from Kowloon.
很难设想香港岛与九龙会有什么差别。
Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy.
运动和游戏能使我们的体魄强壮，防止过胖，保持健康。
7. In
1.[表示地点、场所、部位]在…（里面） 2.[表示时间]在…期间，在…以后
3.[表示过程]在…过程中 4.[表示范围、领域]在…方面 5.[表示状态、情况]处在…中
6.[表示职业、活动]从事于，参加 7.[表示地位、形式、方式等]以，按照，符合于
8.[表示表达方式、手段、原材料等]以，用 9.[表示数量、程度、比例]按，以
10.[表示服饰]穿着，戴着 11.[表示方向]朝，向 12.[表示含量]在…中
13.[表示目的]作为 14.[表示动作的对象]于
assist in 帮助做某事 consist in 在于 engage in 从事，参与 give in 让步，妥协
specialize in 专攻，专门研究 take in 欺骗，收容 in addition to 除……以外
belief in 信仰，相信 a delight in 以……为乐 an expert in 专家，能手
a pride in 自豪 play a role in 在……方面起作用 (there's no) sense in (做某事没)道理 skill in 在……的技巧、技能 a fall in 下降，减少 investment in 投资
success in 成功 successful in 在……成功 accurate in 精确
rich in 富于，盛产 absorbed in 专心于 experienced in 有经验
in the right 有理，正当 in terms of 用……术语 in case of 假使，万一
in fact 事实上 in the event of 万一 in one's opinion 根据……见解
in bloom 开着花 in the direction of 朝……方向 in comparison with 与……比较 in possession of 拥有，占有 in view of 由于，考虑到 in any event 无论如何
in the course of 在……过程中 in short 简言之 believe in 信仰，信赖
end in 以……告终 invest … in 在……投资succeed in 在……方面获得成功 confidence in 信任，相信 difficulty in 困难，困境 pleasure in 高兴
a rise in 上涨，增长 (there is no) point in (做某事没)有意义 There's no harm in 不妨
a specialist in 专家 an interest in 兴趣，关心 trouble in 苦恼，麻烦
interested in 对……感兴趣 fortunate in 有幸 constant in 对……持久
lacking in 缺乏 expert in 在……熟练 confident in 信任 in time 及时
in the interest of 为了……利益 in support of 支持，拥护 in turn 依次
in need of 需要…… in conclusion 最后，总之 in stock 存货
in effect 实际上 in respect of 关于，涉及 in connection with 与……相关
in circles 毫无进展，兜圈子 in touch with 和……接触
例如：
We hoped that we should have confidence in each other again.
我们希望我们应再次彼此信任。
In conclusion, I shall not accept the invitation.
总之，我是不会接受邀请的。
We must give up this plan for we are lacking in funds.
我们必须放弃这一计划，因为我们缺少资金。
This shop specializes in tea and coffee.
这家商店专营茶叶和咖啡。
He wants to have a rise in wages.
他想要增加工资。
In comparison with England, Ireland has a small population.
与英格兰相比，爱尔兰人口很少。
8. Into
1.[表示动作的方向]到…里面 2.[表示时间]进入到，直到 3.[表示变化]成为，转为
4.触及 5.从事，承担 6.[数]除
argue … into 说服……做 frighten … into 恐吓……做 run into 碰见
turn … into 把……变成 divide … into 把……分成 translate … into 把……翻译成 force … into 迫使……做 crash into 撞到……上 burst into 突然开始，闯入
reason … into 说服……做 talk … into 说服……做 trick … into 诱骗……做 pull into （把）（车、船等）驶入 cut into 切入，减少，插话
change … into 把……变成 break into 突然闯入
例如：
On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.
一听到这一不幸消息，她突然哭了起来。
The taxi driver pulled into a roadside restaurant to get something to eat.
出租车司机把车开到路边饭店打算吃点东西。
They frightened the old lady into signing the contract.
他们吓唬老太太签了合同。
9. Of
1.（属于）…的 2.（关于）…的 3.[表示同位、相似] 4. [表示数量或种类]
5. [表示具有某种性质、内容、状况等] 6.[表示部分或全部] 7.[表示…中最突出的] 8.[表示在…方面] 9.[表示在…一方] 10.来自…的，由…所著 11.由于，因为
12.由…组成（或构成）的 13.[表示动作的对象] 14.[表示动作的主体]
15.[表示方位、时间、距离等的范围] 16.用于…的
worthy of 值得 tired of厌倦 considerate of 体贴 aware of 知道
conscious of 认识到 proud of 骄傲 composed of 由……组成
certain of 确信 regardless of 不管 fond of 喜爱 ashamed of 害臊
innocent of 清白，无罪 approve of 赞成，批准 consist of 由……组成
inform … of 通知 rob … of 抢劫 convince … of 使……确信
suspect … of 怀疑 sick of 厌恶，厌倦 guilty of 犯罪 ignorant of 忽视
accuse … of 控告(某人) assure … of 使……确信 hear of 听说
remind … of 使想起，提醒 smell of 有……气味 speak of 谈到，提及
cure … of 治愈……病 die of 死于（疾病、情感等）
例如：
Mr. Green told us that he was ashamed of having a black sheep in the family.
Three students were accused of cheating in the examination.
He is worthy of the honour.
This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.
I was sick of her way of dancing.
10. To
1.[表示方向、目的地、距离]到、向、离 2.[表示状态或性质的变化]趋于，倾向于
3.[表示时间]直到…为止 4.[表示程度、范围等]到，达到
5.[表示相对的位置或反应]对，面对 6.[表示接近、接触]在，紧靠着
7.[表示归属、附加]属于，加于 8.[表示比较、对比]比 9.[表示目的、意图]为了 10.[表示关联、关系]对于 11.[表示相符、适应]按照，根据 12.[表示结果]致使
13.[表示动作的对象]对，于
access to 进入，通道 pay attention to 注意…… exposure to 暴露
injury to 损伤，伤害 an objection to 反对 object to 反对
dedication to 献身，热爱 resistance to 阻力，抵抗 similarity to 类似，相似
similar to 相似，相同 indifferent to 不在乎 equal to 等于 add to 增加，加强
devoted to 献身于 contrary to 违反，相反 adapt to 使习惯 belong to 属于
amount to 相当于，等于 owe … to 把……归功于 report to 报到
stick to 坚持 to a certain extent 在一定程度上 an attitude to 态度 lead to 导致
(attach) importance to 重视 a limit to限制 contribution to 贡献，捐助
a response to 反应，响应 pay a visit to 访问，拜访 grateful to 感激
prefer to 宁可，更喜欢 sentence … to 宣判 turn to 求助于
to one's liking 合某人意 to one's face 当面 to one's benefit 对……有益
to one's taste 合……胃口 to one’s satisfaction 使某人满意
例如：
He answered the questions to everybody's satisfaction.
他回答了问题，使人人都很满意。
I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive.
我反对这项计划，理由是费用过于庞大。
Your computer is similar to mine.
你的计算机与我的相似。
I sympathize with her only to a certain extent.
我只是在一定程度上同情她。
He dedicated his life to the cause of medicine.
他将一生献给了医学事业。
11. On
1.在…上 2.在…旁，沿着 3.向着，对着 4.在…时候，在…后立即
5.根据，凭 6.关于，论及 7.是…成员，在…供职 8.在从事…中，处于…情况中
9.通过，以…的方式 10.带在…身上
advice on 忠告，意见 an attack on 袭击，攻击 depend on 依靠，依赖
an emphasis on 强调，重点 (keep) an eye on 照看，注意 an influence on 影响
(have) mercy on 怜悯，对…表示同情 act on 对……起作用 base on 以……为基础
concentrate … on 将(思想、精力)集中于，全神贯注 focus on 把……集中在……上
live on 靠……生活，以……为主食 wait on 侍候 on the increase 正在增长
on bad (good) terms with 与……不友好(友好) on no account 决不 on fire 着火
on average 平均说来 on the contrary 相反，反之 on behalf of 代表，为了
a comment on 评论 an effect on 对……的作用 an expert on 专家，能手
an impression on 印象，感觉 (play) a joke on 开……的玩笑 a report on 报告，汇报 research on 研究，探讨 agree on 对……取得一致意见 call on 拜访，询问
congratulate … on 祝贺 count on 依靠，指望 get on 上(车，船等)
insist on 坚持 operate on 给……动手术 on demand 一经请求 on guard 警戒
on the whole 总的看来，大体上 on business 因公，公事 on the basis 以……为基础 on purpose 故意地
例如：
He has done a great deal of research on that subject.
他对那个专题已经进行了大量的研究。
The house at the end of the street was on fire.
街另一头的房子着了火。
The two sides agreed on a cease-fire.
双方达成停火协议。
The total influence of literature on the course of human history is difficult to evaluate.
很难评估文学对人类历史进程的影响究竟有多大。
On the whole, he is misunderstood by most people.
总的看来，他被大多数人所误解了。
When I heard that he had passed the exam, I phoned him to congratulate him on his success.
当我听到他考试通过时，便打电话祝贺他的成功。
12. With
1.和…（一起） 2.在…边，赞同 3.具有，带有，穿着 4.作为…的成员
5.在…身上，在…身边6.由…负责（或处理）7.[表示同时、同一方向、同等程度]随着 8.[表示使用的工具、手段等]用 9.[表示行为方式]以…，带着 10.由于
11.对…，就…来说 12.[表示相对、相离] 13.尽管
an appointment with 约会，约见 concern with 关注 (fall in) love with 爱上
crowded with 拥挤 familiar with 精通，熟悉 patient with 对……耐心
angry with 生气 popular with 受欢迎 begin with 以……开始 with ease 轻易地
deal with 处理，对付 charge … with 控告，指责 provide … with 装备，供给 with an eye to 着眼于 with regard to 关于 (in) combination with 与……结合 connection with 关系，联系 contact with 接触 satisfied with 对……满意
keep in touch with 与……保持联系 busy with 忙于 friendly with 与……友好 ill with 有病 disappointed with 失望 concerned with 关心 with respect to 关于
agree with 同意 (某人的意见) cooperate with 与……合作 do away with 废除，取消 come up with 想出 keep up with 跟上 share … with 与……合用
with reference to 关于
例如：
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
她想出了一个增加销售额的新主意。
He kept in touch with her family while he was overseas.
他在海外时一直与家人保持着联系。
I have no connection with that firm.
我与那个公司没有关系。

·语文课件下载
·语文视频下载
·语文试题下载

·语文备课中心



『点此察看与本文相关的其它文章』『搜索相关课件』


【上一篇】【下一篇】   【教师投稿】 
本站管理员：尹瑞文 微信：13958889955