高三英语unit8同步
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Unit 8 Learning a foreign language
典型例题
1．“Did you have any trouble _____the house？”
“No, but I had a lot of difficulty _____．Nobody seemed to know where the key was．”
A．in finding；to get in B．to find；getting into
C．finding；getting into D．finding；getting in
【题解】选D。have some／no／any difficulty in doing sth．是一个常用句型，意为“在做某事上有难处／没有难处”。句型中的in可以省去。
2．In order to make our city more beautiful，______．
A．it is necessary to have planted more trees
B．many more trees need to plant
C．our city needs more trees
D．we must plant more trees
【题解】选D。该题考查的是非谓语动词（动词不定式）。作状语的动词不定式的逻辑主语应与主句的主语一致。该句意思为“为了使我们的城市更美丽，我们必须种更多的树木”。
3．I won’t go to the party unless ____．
A．to invite B．inviting C．invited D．will be invited
【题解】选C。该题考查省略。连词unless，when，while，if等其后的主语如果与主句的主语一致，可以把从句中的主语和动词的一部分省去，此句在unless后省掉了I am。连词后常常出现过去分词（如与主句的主语之间是被动关系），或是出现现在分词（如与主句的主语是主动关系）。如：If（it is）heated，the ice can be turned into water．（如果被加热，冰能变成水。）Be care while／when（you are）crossing the street．（穿过马路时要小心。）
4．Americans eat _____vegetables per person today as they did in 1910．
A．more than twice B．as twice as many
C．twice as many as D．more than twice as many
【题解】选D。该题考查倍数的表达方式，倍数表示法有如下四种：①…＋数字（或倍数）＋比较级＋than…。如：The is room is three times larger than that one．（这个房间比那个大三倍。）②……倍数＋as＋形容词或副词＋as＋…。如：A is twice as long as B．A的长度是B的两倍。③…＋by＋数字（或倍数）＋…。如：This ruler is longer than that larger by 2 inches（或by twice）．（这把尺子比那把尺子长二英寸（或两倍）。）④…倍数＋the size（height，length，width etc．）of＋…。如：The river is five times the length of that stream．（这条河有那条小溪五倍长。）据上，D为正确答案。
5．All the preparations for the task _____，and we’re ready to start．
A．completed B．have been completed
C．had been completed D．complete
【题解】选B。因为第二句是一般现在时态，所以选B用现在完成时表示现在所处的状态，与第二句相吻合。
6．The pictures brought the happy days back to me _____we worked together in that faraway village．
A．until B．that C．when D．where
【题解】选C。when在此句中引导定语从句，修饰days，句意是“那些照片使我想起了我们在那遥远的村庄一起劳动的那段日子”。
7．The stadiums，_____were already full，were surrounded by a lot of football fans who had no tickets．
A．most of that B．most of which C．which most D．that most
【题解】选B。在定语从句中，介词后不能用that，只能用which或whom，因为the stadiums表示物，所以用which，而whom代表人。
8．What she said sounded ______.
A．beautifully B．friendly C．wonderfully D．badly
【题解】选B。sound，taste，smell，feel，look等感觉概念系动词后面要接形容词作表语，在四个选项中只有friendly是形容词，其他三项都不是。故选B。
9．I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer，_____？
A．do I B．don’t I C．will they D．won’t they
【题解】选C。在面放，believe，suppose后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句跟从句一致。
10．If you _____my glasses，can you let me have them，please？
A．come about B．come across C．come on D．come up
【题解】选B。come across意为“偶尔发现”；come out意为“产生”“发生”；come on意为“过来”“加油”；come up意为“发芽”“出现”。由句意可知B项符合题意。
语法指南
虚拟语气（一）
虚拟语气的构成比较特殊，它有各种不同的动词形式，通过这些不同的动词形式来表示不同时间的情况，这些动词形式所表示的意思一般与事实相反。这里我们首先来研究虚拟语气在含if从句的主从复合句中有哪些用法。英语中if从句有两种：一种是以陈述语气叙述的叫做真实条件句，说明所提出的假想是可以实现的；另一种是以虚拟语气叙述的，叫做非真实条件句，说明所提出的假想实现的可能性极小或与事实相反。这种虚拟语气一般因所指时间的不同而分三种情况，即：与现在事实相反；与过去事实相反；与将来事实相反。
▲表示与现在事实相反。动词形式列表如下：

If I were you，I wouldn’t do that．我要是你的话，我不会那样干。（In fact I’m not you．）
If he were here，he would be glad to see you．
他要是在这里，见到你会很高兴的。（In fact he’s not here．）
If I had much money，I should buy a house．
我要是有许多钱的话，就买房子。（In fact I don’t have much money．）
If I had the book at hand，I would read the passage to you．
如果我手头有这本书的话，我就把那一段读给你听了。（But I don’t have the book at hand．）
She would help you if you asked her．
你如果请她的话，她会帮助你的。（But I don’t you won’t ask her．）
He would learn more quickly if he worked harder．
如果用功些，他会学得更快。（But he doesn’t work hard enough．）
▲表示与过去事实相反，动词形式列表如下：
If you had studied hard，you would have passed the exam.
如果你学习用功的话，你就通过考试了。（But you didn’t study hard enough．）
If you had seen the film，you would have enjoyed it very much．
若是看了这部电影，你会非常喜欢的。（But in fact you didn’t see the film．）
She would have gone to the party if she had been invited．
如果她得到邀请的话，她就会去参加聚会了。（But she wasn’t invited．）
He could have caught the train if he had hurried．
如果他抓紧一点的话，他就赶上那趟火车了。（But she wasn’t invited．）
I would have overslept if she hadn’t called me.
如果她不叫我的话，我就睡过头了。（In fact she called me and I didn’t overslept．）
If I had known her telephone number，I would have called her．
如果我知道她的电话号码，我就给她打电话了。（But I didn’t know her telephone number，so I didn’t call her．）
If the hurricane had happened during the night-time，there would have been many more deaths．
飓风如果发生在夜间，死亡的人将会更多。（In fact the hurricane happened during the day-time．）
▲表示与将来事实相反，动词形式列表如下：
If从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式
①should + 动词原形
②用动词的过去式（be一律用were）
③were + 不定式 用would/could/should/might + 动词原形
If it should rain（或rained，或were to rain）tomorrow．I wouldn’t go out．
明天如果下雨，我就不出去了。（But I know it won’t rain tomorrow．）
If I did（或should do，或were to do）that，she would feel very surprised．
我如果做这件事的话，她会感到十分吃惊的。（So I won’t do that．）
If I failed（或should fail，或were to fail），I would try again．
我若是不成功，我会再试一次。（I know that most probably I won’t fail．）
▲在书面语中，有时if虚拟从句可使用倒装形式，其规则是：如果if从句中含有were，助动词，had或should时，则可省略连接词if，而把were，had或should移至主语之前。如：
Were I you（＝If I were you），I would take the job．如果我是你的话，我就接受那份工作。
Had they not helped us（＝If they had not helped us），we wouldn’t have succeeded．
如果没有他们的帮助，我们就不会成功。
Had you come yesterday（＝If you had come yesterday），you would nave met him．
你要是昨天来的话，你就会见到他了。
Should it rain tomorrow／Were it to rain tomorrow（＝If it should rain tomorrow），what would you do？
万一明天下雨的话，你们怎么办？
Were it not for the sun（＝If it were not for the sun），nothing could exist on earth．
如果没有太阳，世界上将什么都不能存在。
【注】这种倒装形式的虚拟语气，通常带有文学色彩，一般出现于书面语中，通常不用于口语中。
▲如果虚拟语气中主句和从句所表示的动作发生在不同的时间里，那么动词形式应根据它所表示的时间进行调整，一般有以下两种情况：①从句说的是过去，而主句讲的是现在；②从句说是的现在，主句讲的是过去。如：
If you had followed his advice，you wouldn’t be introduce now．
＝Had you followed his advice，you wouldn’t be in trouble now.
你当初如果听从他的劝告，现在就不会陷入这种困境了。
（You didn’t follow his advice and that’s why you are introduce now．）
If she had taken the medicine，she would be all right now．
= Had she taken the medicine then，she would be all right now.
她当时如果吃了药，现在就好了。
（She didn’t take the medicine then and that’s why she is still ill now．）
If I were you（= Were I you），I would have gone with her．
我要是你的话，我就跟她一起去了。（I didn’t go with her because I’m not you.）
【语法专项训练】
用所给动词的适当形式填空，注意句中虚拟语气的使用。
1．If you _____（find）a wallet in the street，what would you do with it？
2．If the phone _____（ring），can you answer it？
3．I’m glad we had a map．I’m sure we would have got lost if we _____（not have）one.
4．If he _____（be）here tomorrow，I would speak to him．
5．“Did you go to the beach yesterday？” “No，it was too cold．If it ____（be）warmer, we might have gone．”
6．I didn’t realize that Mary was in hospital．If ____（know）she was in hospital，I would have gone to visit her.
7．_____you _____（take）my advice，you wouldn’t have failed in the exam．
8．______ I _____（have）time，I would call her.
9．I can’t decide what to do．What would you do if you _____（be）in my position？
10．If you _____（not，watch）TV yesterday，you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.
11．“Why do you read newspapers？”
“Well，if I _____（not，read）newspapers，I wouldn’t know what is happening in the world．”
12．If you _____（drop）the glass，it would break．
13．The accident was your fault．If you had driven more carefully，it _____（not happen）．
14．If you had enough money to go anywhere in the world，where _____you ______（go）？
15．I _____（not get）such a result without your help．
16．He must have been here，or he never _____（know）the place so well．
17．Why didn’t you tell me about it？I ____（help）you．
18．She was ill，otherwise she ____（be）present at the meeting．
19．Suppose you were in my shoes，what _____you _____（do）？
20．But for your help，I _____（not，be）recovered so soon．
答案：
1．found 2．rang 3．hadn’t had 4．were／should be 5．had been 6．had known
7．Had，taken 8．Should，have 9．were 10．hadn't watched 11．didn't read 12．dropped 13．would not have happened 14．would， go 15．would not get 16．could know
17．should have helped 18．would have been 19．would，do 20．could not be
同步测试
Ⅰ．单项选择
1．I _____grandfather’s diary in the attic．
A．came to B．came by C．came at D．came across
2．It suddenly _____to me that we could use a computer to do the job．
A．took place B．happened C．occurred D．was occurred
3．The desks and seats can be ____the height of a child．
A．adopted to B．adjusted to C．adjusted as D．adopted as
4．“I didn’t see her yesterday，I looked for her everywhere，but couldn’t find her．”
“Oh，but you _____．She was working in the office．”
A．must have B．ought to C．ought to have D．can’t have
5．“We weren’t sure which way to go．In the end，we turned right．”
“You ____the wrong way．You ____left．”
A．had gone；must have turned B．went；must turn
C．have gone；would have turned D．went；should have turned
6．“My Goodness！We have missed the flight．”
“We ____it，but we were caught in the traffic jam．”
A．could have caught B．ought to catch C．might catch D．must have caught
7．Now then，children，it’s time you _____．
A．washed and dressed B．are washed and dressed
C．will wash and dress D．were washed and dressed
8．It’s high time that you _____home and I’d rather you ____again sometime in the future．
A．go；come B．are going；come
C．went；came D．would go；would come
9．“Look at the heavy rain！” “ _____it would stop！”
A．only if B．Even if C．Ever since D．If only
10．“Did you blame the accident on him？”“Yes，but I’d _____it．”
A．better not to B．rather not to
C．better not have done D．rather not have done
11．Hard-working though he was ____there was never enough money to pay the bills．
A．／ B．and C．but D．therefore
12．“Would you mind if I turned the TV down？” “_____.”
A．Yes，I don’t mind B．No，go right ahead
C．Yes，please turn it down D．Don’t worry，you’ll get used to it soon
13．She’s ____for three days now，and we are very worried．
A．missed B．been missed C．missing D．been missing
14．In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ____the documents and recorded every detail．
A．in B．at C．for D．on
15．In order not to be disturbed，I spent three days ____in my study．
A．locking B．locked C．to lock D．lock
16．He ____an accident，or he would have been there then．
A．must have had B．had had C．has had D．should have
17．The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things，_____is often the case in other countries．
A．that B．to C．what D．as
18．You should _____little Tom for his mistake；after all he is a child．
A．forgive B．apologize C．excuse D．pardon
19．Steven has a lot of work to ____in the office since he has been away for quite a few days．
A．take up B．make up C．work out D．carry out
20．____，follow the directions on the bottle carefully．
A．To take me medicine B．When one takes medicine
C．When taking medicine D．Takes medicine
21．“Why was he fined？”“He happened to ____several flowers in the park.”
A．be seen pick B．be seen picking
C．be caught pick D．catch picking
22．“I’m afraid I have to give it up．”
“Remember ____sticks to his work will succeed one day．”
A．who B．whom C．whoever D．no matter who
23．Has she ever asked him the reason _____may explain his coming late？
A．why B．for which C．for that D．that
24．“_____he come in or wait outside？” “Let him in，please．”
A．Shall B．Will C．Does D．Has
25．_____I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like him．
A．While B．Since C．Before D．Unless
26．“This dialogue should _____a question，not a puzzle．”“I am _____.”
A．have started with；to blame B．start with；to be blamed
C．have started from；to blame D．start from；to be blamed
27．We had thought the exam would be difficult，but it ____easy．
A．turned B．came C．appeared D．proved
28．Many workers were organized to dear away ____remained of the World Trade Centre．
A．those B．that C．what D．where
29．Little _____what you said．If only you repeated it！
A．did I understand B．I understand
C．I did understand D．have I understand
30．He win stop showing up if no notice ____of him．
A．is taken B．will be taken C．takes D．has taken
Ⅱ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
contribute, acquire, assist, regard, concern, contact, broad, distinguish, basic, adjust
1．They decorated the house _____of cost．
2．Despite his cries，no one came to his ______.
3．The company has grown through ____of smaller businesses.
4．He was a warded a price for his ____to the world peace.
5．He put his ear to the floor and heard angry shouts，but no words were _____．
6．_____your knowledge of English with the book．
7．Beyond a certain distance，we are out of ____with our headquarters．
8．“Could I speak to Mr James，please？”“May I tell him what’s ____？”
9．My knowledge of chemistry is pretty ____．
10．He has made a few minor _____to this week’s time table．
Ⅲ．完形填空
No man can change the weather．Nobody can control the weather．But if we 1 correctly the signs around us we can 2 what the more changes in the weather will be．This way of telling what the weather will be like the following day or two is called weather forecasting．
For many centuries and in all countries people have 3 the weather and tried to 4 weather forecasting．
Sometimes 5 objects such as hills and tall trees seem to be very clear and near．This is a 6
of much water vapour in the 7 and therefore rain will probably come．
Rings round the sun are a sign of coming rain．Many people feel in their 8 the coming of wet weather．Their joints（骨头节）ache．Some birds fly 9 as fine weather is coming but they fly near the
10 or stormy weather is 11 the way．It is probably because of the insects（昆虫）which they are hunting 12 they fly 13 ．
If you see a rainbow during rainy weather，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine．Such 14 come in the evening．If the stars 15 clearly at night，then fair weather will 16 ．If a fog appears in the morning just about sunrise，then the day will be warm．Instead，if a fog appears in the evening the next day will be wet 17 ．
If the sunset is mostly red in 18 ，then the following day will be fine．If a rainbow appears in the morning，rainy weather will probably come．
Most of the 19 sayings have been made by people who have used their 20 and brains to make weather forecasting．
1． A．see B．look C．read D．take
2． A．ten B．speak C．talk D．point
3． A．studied B．learned C．searched D．researched
4． A．do B．make C．carry D．send
5． A．small B．away C．near D．distant
6． A．sight B．sign C．mark D．shape
7． A．air B．sky C．heaven D．earth
8． A．legs B．arms C．skins D．bones
9． A．high B．low C．near D．far
10． A．wet B．dry C．rainy D．sunny
11． A．by B．in C．for D．on
12． A．that B．which C．where D．when
13． A．high B．low C．fast D．slow
14． A．as B．rainbows C．weather D．day
15． A．twinkle B．appear C．bright D．seem
16． A．begin B．stop C．continue D．be
17． A．day B．weather C．hour D．time
18． A．edge B．surface C．centre D．color
19． A．above B．below C．important D．interesting
20． A．bodies B．hands C．eyes D．legs
Ⅳ．阅读理解
A
James Cleveland Owens was the son of a farmer and the grandson of black slaves．His family moved to Cleveland when he was 9．There，a school teacher asked the youth his name.
“J ．C．，” he replied．
She thought he had said “Jesse,” and he had a new name．
Owens ran his first race at age 13．After high school，he went to Ohio State University．He had to work part time so as to pay for his education．As a second-year student，in the Big Ten games in 1935，he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a year later．
A week before the Big Ten meet，Owens accidentally fell down a flight of stairs．His back hurt so much that he could not exercise all week，and he had to be helped in and out of the car that drove him to the meet．He refused to listen to the suggestions that he give up and said he would try，event by event．He did try，and the results are in the record book．
The stage was set for Owens’ victory at the Olympic Games in Berlin the next year，and his success would come to be regarded as not only athletic（体育的）but also political．Hitler did not congratulate any of the African-American winners．
“It was all right with me，”he said years later．“I didn’t go to Berlin to shake hands with him，anyway．”
Having returned from Berlin，he received no telephone calls from the president of his own country，either．In fact，he was not honored by the United States until l976，four years before his death．
Owens’ Olympic victories made little difference to him．He earned his living by looking after a school playground，and accepted money to race against cars，trucks，motorcycles，and dogs．
“Sure，it bothered（烦扰）me,” he said later．“But at least it was an honest living．I had to eat．”
In time，however，his gold medals（奖牌）changed his life．“They have kept me alive over the years,” he once said．“Time has stood still for me．That golden moment dies hard．”
1．Owens got his other name “Jesse” when _____．
A．he went too Ohio State University B．his teacher made fun of him
C．his teacher took “J．C．” for “Jesse” D．he won sold medals in the Big Ten meet
2．In the Big Ten meet，Owens _____．
A．hurt himself in the back B．succeeded in setting many records
C．tried every sports event but failed D．had to give up some events
3．We can infer from the text that Owens was treated unfairly in the US at that time because_____.
A．he was not of the right race
B．he was the son of a poor farmer
C．he didn’t shake hands with Hitler
D．he didn’t talk to the US president on the phone
4．When Owens says “They have kept me alive over the years,” he means that the medals_____.
A．have been changed for money to help him live on
B．have made him famous in the US
C．have encouraged him to overcome difficulties in life
D．have kept him busy with all kinds of jobs
5．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？
A．Jesse Owens，a Great American Athlete
B．Golden Moment——a Life-time Struggle
C．Making a living as a Sportsman
D．How to Be a Successful Athlete？
B
Many experts complain that media too often take advantage of the science fiction aspects of nanotech（纳米技术）．Reports of nanotech often refer to K．Eric Drexler’s book Engines of Creations，which predicts an age full of dominant molecular（分子的）manufacturing and a world without material scarcity．Whatever humans need will one day be built cheaply with microscopic self-replicating machines（微细自我复制机）that put atoms together to create copies of anything alive in the world——from trees to human bodies．
In fact，the scientific community is deeply divided over whether self-replicating machines are possible．If they are，major dangers could exist．Mr．Drexler himself thought that self-replication machines could probably go out of control．He writes in his book that man-made “plants” with “leaves no more efficient than today’s solar cells could win over real plants，crowding the earth with leaves that are not suitable to be eaten．Tough ‘bacteria’ could be more competitive than the real bacteria, they could spread everywhere，replicate swiftly，and reduce the earth to dust in a matter of days.”
Critics of nanotech have made use of such images，calling for a delay on commercial nanotech until regulations are established．They also point to the possible military uses of nanotech．Bill Joy，the co-founder of Sun Microsystems，wrote in a Wired magazine essay in 2,000 if nanotech falls into the wrong hands，it could bring dangers to society．
Opponents say Mr Joy is overreacting．“In a way，calling for bans on research into molecular manufacturing is like calling for a delay on faster-than-light travel because no one is doing it,” says Glenn Reynolds，a University of Tennessee law professor．
Professor Reynolds says it is a good idea to regulate nanotech，but in ways the government would regulate any products that could be dangerous．Export controls and certification systems for nanotech companies are examples．US lawmakers have put forth four bills on nanotech research and development．
6．K．Eric Drexler in his book predicts a future world with sufficient material：because______.
A．man-made plants could replace real plants and grow more quickly
B．plants produced by nanotech would be as efficient as today’s solar cells
C．man-made bacteria would be widespread and capable of self-replicating
D．human could create copies of anything alive with high technology
7． To call for a delay on commercial nanotech，critics of nanotech make use of_____．
A．current social problems
B．science fiction descriptions
C．disagreements in the scientific community
D．the fact that no one is doing molecular manufacturing
8．Opponents of Bill Joy would NOT agree to ____．
A．control nanotech export
B．ban nanotech research to avoid any possible dangers
C．put forth bills on nanotech research and development
D．establish a certification system for nanotech companies
9．Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage？
A．Nanotech should not be put into wrong use in the military field
B．The government should regulate products that could be dangerous
C．Nanotech regulations should be established in spite of the divided opinions
D．The media should not take advantage of the science fiction aspects of nanotech
V．短文改错
One day in 1877，when Prince George of England wrote to his 1．____
grandmother Queen Victoria，“Dear Grandmother，I saw very， 2．____
very nice wooden horse in a shop yesterday．I loved it and I 3．____
haven’t got enough money to buy it．Would you send me one pound，dear Granny？”“My
dear grandson，” Queen Victoria 4．____
wrote back to George，“I don’t think what it is a good idea to let 5．____
you have money since you’ve still too young to judge the valuable 6．____
of things．” Two days ago，Queen Victoria received another letter 7．____
from her grandson，“Dear Granny，thank you very much．I sell 8．____
your letter to a bookseller for two pounds．I see how well 9．____
I can judge things now！Are you satisfied to me？I hope you are！” 10．____
Ⅵ．书面表达
假定你叫李华，接到了哥哥的来信，说他考上了大学。你为此感到高兴和骄傲。当你家人得知此消息时，也都很高兴。奶奶高兴得老泪纵横。他们让你给哥哥写封信表示祝贺。
你哥哥信中还说，他要和班上的几个同学去黄山旅游（make a tour），一周内即可回家。你在信中告诉哥哥，全家人盼他早日归来。
要求：符合书信格式；
词数：80-120。
Key：
Ⅰ
1-5 DCBCD 6-10 ADCDD 11-15 ABDDB 16-20ADABC
21-25 BCDAA 26-30 ADCAA
Ⅱ
1. regardless 2. assistance 3. acquisition 4. contribution 5. distinguishable
6. Broaden 7. contact 8. concerning 9. basic 10. adjustments
Ⅲ
1-5 CAABD 6-10 BADAC 11-15 DABBA 16-20 CBDAC
Ⅳ
1-5 CBACA 6-9 DBBC
Ⅴ
Dear brother,
I’ve just received your letter telling us that you’ve passed the college entrance examination. I’m glad and proud of it. When the family heard of the news, they were all delighted, too. Grandma was so pleased that she burst into tears. The family asked me to write to you and congratulate you on your success.
In your letter you told me that you were going to make a tour on Huangshan with a few of your classmates and would be back in a week. The family are looking forward to your coming back soon. All of us have been missing you!

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