| 人教版Senior 2A Unit 4 A Garden Of Poems teaching plan for the whole unit |
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Unit 4 A Garden Of Poems Period 1 —— Warming up and speaking Ⅰ.Teacher: Leng yu fang Ⅱ.Teaching material: SEFC Book 2A —— Unit 4 Ⅲ. Lesson type: warming up & speaking Ⅳ. Teaching aids: 1. a tape recorder 2. a projector 3. Slides and Pictures Ⅴ. Teaching Objectives: 1. To present the topic of this unit —— poetry 2. To help students form concept of poetry. 3. To learn some words and useful expressions in order to express their own feelings. 4. To cultivate students’ interest of poetry. Ⅵ. Teaching Important Points: How to improve the students’ speaking ability. Ⅶ. Teaching Difficult Points: How to make the students gain enough information to express themselves. Ⅷ. Teaching Methods: 1. Pair work or group work to make every student join in the class activities 2. Discussion to make every student express himself freely. Ⅸ. Teaching Procedure: Step 1: Daily Greetings (1 minute) T: Good morning, students! Ss: Good morning, Miss leng! Step 2: Lead-in (11 minutes) T: Last unit we have learnt something about architecture, right? Ss: yes T: It is a kind of art. This time we will learn another kind of art. What is it? Ss: Poetry. T: yes, poetry. From now on, we will begin a mysterious trip of poetry——Unit 4: a garden of poems. Here “poem” means 诗,它是指一首具体的诗。It is a countable noun. We can say “a poem” or “poems”. For example, we can say “a love poem”. Well, the word “poetry” refers to 诗歌，它是指诗歌的总称。So it is an uncountable noun. Is that clear? Ss: yes. T: Ok. Who are the people that write poems? Ss: poet. T: yes, we call them poet. Can you name some famous poets in China? Ss: …… T: very good. So many. Now, I’d like to introduce you two of them. Who is he? (show a picture of Li Bai on the Blackboard) Ss: Li Bai. T: Good. Li Bai. Can you recite any of his poems? Ss: …… T: Good job. (show a poem written by Li Bai on slide 1) So from his poems, we can see that Li Bai is full of imagination, right? His poems are always very romantic. So we say Li Bai is a representative of Romanticism. What about another famous poet? Who is he? （show a picture of Du Fu on the blackboard） Ss: Du Fu. T: yes, you’ve got it. Do you know any of his poems? Ss: …… T: Wonderful, thank you. Compared with Li Bai, most of his poems present us a real life in that period. For example, “朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨” . It tells us the living condition of the people at that time, right? T: So, we call Du Fu realistic poet. Now, I’d like to take a poem written by Du Fu for example. (show a poem written by Du Fu on slide 2) Xxx, would you please read it for us? S1: (reading) T: Thank you very much. Well, can you understand the meaning of this poem? Ss: No. T: I don’t know, either. I think if we don’t know the background of the poem and some necessary explanations, it will be very difficult for us to understand a traditional poem, right? Ss: yes T: Well, what about this one? Who’d like to read it for us? (show a Chinese limerick on slide 3) S3: (reading) T: Do you think it is easier to understand? Ss: yes T: I’m sure all of us know what it talks about. Actually, we call such kind of poem “limerick”. Step 3: Warming-up (5 minutes) T: A limerick is a special, funny poem. It is very easy to understand. It is written just to make others laugh. Now, would you please open your textbook and turn to page 25. There are two limericks. Each one tells us a story. Let’s read the first one together and see what has happened. Ok, a large lady, one two start…… Ss: (reading) T: Thanks for your sweet voice. Now who can tell me what’s wrong with the large lady? S4: There wasn’t a door she’d get through. T: yes. She can’t get through a door. Do you know why? Ss: Because she’s too fat. T: Oh, too terrible. She’s so fat that she can’t get through a door. What about the second one? It seems that there is something wrong with that man. I’ll read it for you. Please listen to me carefully and then tell me what is the matter. Ok? Ss: ok. (Read the limerick and explain some difficult words.) T: Can you understand the meaning of this poem? It talks about a teacher, right? Well, what’s wrong with him? S5: He was as mad as a door. T: I’ve heard the correct answer. He was as mad as a door. Maybe he was too active. Well, I think I’m also very active. Am I as mad as a door? Ss: No. T: Really? Thank you. How lucky I am! Do you think these two poems interesting or uninteresting? Ss: interesting. T: So we say the style of this poem is interesting. That is what we call limerick, a special and funny poem, right? Step 4: Discussion (10 minutes) T: Ok, up till now, we have collected several words to describe different styles of poems. Well, what other words will we need to talk about poems? Now, would you please form a group of four and have a discussion. What other words will we need to talk about poems? Are you clear? Ss: yes T: Ok. I’ll give you three minutes. After that, I’d like some of you to list some words you need. Now, go! (Three minutes later) T: Ok. Time’s up. Who’d like to be the bravest one? S6: funny, happy. T: Good. Any other opinions? S7: boring, dull, sad. T: very good. Any other words? S8: moving, meaningful, meaningless. …… Step 5: Conclusion (3 minutes) T: Today we just begin our magical journey of poetry. We have talked about some famous poets and learnt many words to show our ideas about poems and songs, right? Ss: yes T: Thank you. Step 7: Homework (5 minutes) T: Here comes your homework. Next period we’ll make a further study about poetry, especially English poetry. So: 1. Please preview the reading part and look up the new words in the dictionary. 2. Try to find an English song or poem, and write a review.Are you all clear? Ss: yes T: Ok. So much for today. Thanks for your attention. See you! Ss: See you! Ⅹ. Blackboard Design: Unit 4 A Garden Of Poems 具体的一首诗 romantic 浪漫主义的 realistic 现实主义的 poetry 诗歌（总称） interesting uninteresting poet 诗人 happy sad 悲伤的 style 风格 meaningful meaningless lyric 抒情的 bold and unconstrained 豪放的 moving 感人的 lovely 可爱的 encouraging 振奋人心的 Period 2——listening Ⅱ.Teaching material: SEFC Book 2A —— Unit 4 Ⅲ. Lesson type: listening Ⅳ. Teaching aids: 1. a tape recorder 2. slides Ⅴ. Teaching Objectives: 1. To improve students’ ability of listening 2. To help them learn how to enjoy English poems Ⅵ.Teaching Important Point: How to get the students to grasp the main idea of a passage by listening. Ⅶ.Teaching Difficult Point: How to direct the students to grasp the detailed information to finish the listening task. Ⅷ.Teaching Methods: 1. To create a situation that helps the students know what they will hear from the conversation 2. To present an English poem and cultivate their interests. Ⅸ.Teaching Procedure: Step 1: Greeting. (1 minute) Step 2: Pre-listening (7 minutes) T: Since Monday we have talked so much about poetry, especially English poetry. Have you ever planned to read some English poems? Ss: No. T: Really? What a pity! Well, I find it very interesting. I’d like to know more about poetry. So during the seven-day holiday, I went to my teacher and asked for some suggestions. First, he asked me: “What would you like to read?” I said: “I don’t know.” And then he asked me: “Do you have any favorite poets?” I said: “No, I don’t know.” At that time, he was very surprised, at last he said: “Ok, maybe you can read this book first. You can find a topic or a poet that you like best, and then I’ll give you more advice.” Look, this is the book that my teacher advised me to read. There are a lot of famous poets and great poems inside. So we call it a collection of poems. It includes a lot of things. I believe it will help me a lot. Maybe I’ll become a great woman poet some day. if you want to read some poems, you can ask me for help; you can ask your own English teacher Miss Cao for help; and you also can ask a librarian for help when you go to library, right? Here is a conversation between a librarian and a student. The student wants to read some poems but he doesn’t know where to start. And the librarian gives him some suggestions. I think you will learn something fro their conversation. Step 3: while-listening (25 minutes) T: Now please open your textbook and turn to page 25, listening. Totally, I’ll play the tape three times. For the first time, would you please draw the main idea of the dialogue and finish exercise 1. Are you clear? Ss: yes T: Ok, now let’s have a look at exercise 1 to see if there are some new words. …… T: Ok, are you ready? Ss: yes. T: Ok, here we go. (listen to the tape for the first time) T: Stop here. Who’d like to tell us the answer? S1: …… T: Good. Thank you. Now let’s have a look at exercise 2. (explain the requirement of exercise 2) This time please listen to the tape more carefully and take some notes while you are listening. Ready? Go! (listen to the tape for the second time) T: Is it difficult? Ss: yes. T: Take it easy. Just have a try, ok? The first question, any volunteers? S2: A conversation between a librarian and a student. T: Good. It’s mainly about a student who is looking for some poems to read. The next one? S3: It’s a collection of poems. T: Well done. Just like my book, right? It’s a collection of poems. The third one? S4: …… T: I think this one may be a bit difficult. Let’s listen again later and then find the answer to this question, ok? Thank you all the same. Sit down, please. Let’s see question number 5 first. S5: He likes reading about nature. T: yes. His favorite topic is nature. While his favorite poet is William Shakespeare, right? Great! You did a good job. Now let’s listen to the tape for the last time and find the answer to question number 4, ok? Ss: ok. (listen to the tape for the third time) T: Have you found the answer? S6: Just choose something you like to read. T: Perfect. You should not read all the poems but go through them and only read those which you like from looking at the title, the topic or the first or last line. Just choose something you like. A very smart answer. So much for our textbook. I won’t let you do the exercise 3. Let’s see something different. Step 4: post-listening. (12 minutes) T: Just now, we have learnt where to start if we want to read some poems, right? So, following the principle, I read my book and choose one of them. I’d like to share this poem with. But unluckily, I missed some words. Would you please help me to complete the blanks, ok? Ss: ok. T: Let’s listen to the tape and do the blank filling. (several minutes later) T: You’ve got it, right? Ss: yes T: It’s easy. The missing words are…… Ss: moments, beauty, true, soul, face. T: Correct. Now let’s go into that poem together. This is a love poem written by famous Irish poet William Butler Yeats. When he was 24 years old, he met an actress named Maud Gonne. Quickly he fell in love with her. So he expressed his love to her, unluckily refused. Five years later, Yeats wrote this poem, expressing his deep love. In 1903, Maud was married, however, his husband died during a battle in 1913. So again Yeats showed his love to Maud, but again refused. In 1917, Yeats married another woman at last. He practised his words in the poem with precious 26-year youth. Are you moved by such a romantic story? Ss: yes. T: Now, let’s listen to the tape again, looking at the Chinese version. Here we go. (several minutes later) T: Very attractive voice. Let’s end our class in such a romantic atmosphere. Thanks for your attention. See you! Ss: See you. Ⅹ. Blackboard Design: English poetry——listening poem the sea a collection of poems 诗集 collection suggestion 建议 the World Wars librarian 图书管理员 nature topic 话题 gardens the countryside Slide： When You Are Old by William Butler Yeats When you are old and gray and full of sleep And nodding by the fire, take down this book And slowly read, and dream of the soft look Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep; How many loved your _____of glad grace, And loved your ____ with love false of ____; But one man loved the pilgrim ____ in you, And loved the sorrows of your changing ____; And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how love fled And paced upon the mountains overhead, And hid his face amid a crowd of stars. 《当你老去》 当你老了，头白了，睡思昏沉， 炉火旁打盹，请取下这部诗歌， 慢慢读，回想你过去眼神的柔和， 回想它们过去的浓重的阴影； 多少人爱你年轻欢畅的时候， 爱慕你的美貌，出于假意或者真心， 只有一个人爱你那朝圣者的灵魂， 爱你已改的容颜痛苦的皱纹。 躬身在红光闪耀的炉火旁， 凄然低语，爱为何消逝， 它漫步走上高高的山峦， 将脸庞隐没在了群星间。 Period 3 —— Reading (content) Ⅱ.Teaching material: SEFC Book 2A —— Unit 4 Ⅲ. Lesson type: reading Ⅳ. Teaching aids: Multi-media 1. a computer 2. a tape recorder Ⅴ. Teaching Objectives: 1. To learn the main develop steps of the history of English poetry. 2. To learn the characteristics of poems during different periods. 3. To master some extra-curricular knowledge about some famous poets. 4. To improve students’ reading ability. Ⅵ. Teaching Important Points: 1. The extra-curricular knowledge of English poetry 2. the similarities and differences between the Chinese and English poets and poems. Ⅶ. Teaching Difficult Point: How to grasp the information presented in the reading material. Ⅷ. Teaching Methods: 1. Fast-reading to rasp the main idea of three most important paragraphs. 2. The introduction of some famous poets to widen their background knowledge about English poetry. 3. Pair work or group work to get every student to join in the class activities. Ⅸ. Teaching Procedure: Step 1: greeting and revision (2 minutes) T: Good morning, girls. Ss: Good morning, Miss Luo. T: Yesterday, we started our trip of poetry. We mentioned a lot of things. Some new words and some famous poets in china, right?Ss: yes Step 2: pre-reading (3 minutes) (Adopt paragraph 2 as a lead-in part of the whole passage.) T: Well, who are the two famous poets we have talked about yesterday? Ss: Li Bai and Du Fu. T: yes, Li Bai and Du Fu. Well, when did they live? Which dynasty did they live in? Ss: The Tang Dynasty. T: Quite right. As we know, in China Tang is a most brilliant period for poems, right? There are a lot of famous poets at that time, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei, Bai Juyi as well as my ancestor Luo Binwang. Are there any other periods that are also very famous for poems? Ss: The Song Dynasty. T: Good. Can you name some famous poets at that time?Ss: …… T: Excellent. So we say Tang and Song are the most splendid periods in the history of Chinese poetry. Poems produced in those two periods stand out in the halls of glory. Step 3: while-reading (30 minutes) (Deal with paragraph 3, 4 and 5) 1. Fast-reading (10 minutes) T: What about English poetry? Now, please open your textbook and turn to page 28. Let’s have a look at paragraph three, four and five first. Please listen to the tape carefully and find out how many periods have been mentioned in the passage? Is that clear? Ss: yes T: Ok, here we go. (Several minutes later) T: Who’d like to tell us the answer? How many periods? S1: There are three periods. T: Three? Are you sure? Do you agree with her? Ok, after we finish these paragraphs, I’d like you to answer this question again, to see whether there are three periods or more. Ok? S1: Ok. T: Thank you. No matter how many periods there are, do you think English poetry has a long history like Chinese? Ss: No. T: Of course not. Generally speaking, we can divide the history of English poetry into five periods: 1. The Renaissance Period 2. The Neoclassical Period 3. The Romantic Period 4 .The Victorian Period 5. The Modern Period But the earliest work of poetry appeared after 14th century. So we say it doesn’t have a long history. 2. Intensive-reading (20 minutes) T: Despite its short history, there are a lot of good English poets around. This time, would you please read the third paragraph more carefully and answer the questions on the screen? 1. How many poets are there in paragraph 3? Who are they? 2. Whose poetry reminds Chinese readers of the poems by Su Dongpo? 3. What is the poetry of John Milton famous for?Are you clear?Ss: yes (Several minutes later) T: Have you finished yet? The first question: How many poets are there in paragraph 3? Ss: Four T: Who are they? xxx would you please? S2: They are William Shakespeare, John Milton, John Donne and Alexander Pope. T: Good. Thank you. There are four poets, right? William Shakespeare, John Milton, John Donne and Alexander Pope. What about the second question? Any volunteers? S3: John Donne. T: Correct. Thank you. The poetry of John Donne reminds Chinese readers of the poems by Su Dongpo. Do you know why? Because of his use of surprising images. So the term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. And 《The Rising Sun》is his most famous work.. Well, what about John Milton? What is his poetry famous for? S4: The poetry of John Milton is famous for the absence of rhyme. T: Thanks for your smart answer. John Milton is the 2nd greatest poet in England. He left us three great works: 《Paradise Lost》、《Paradise Regained》 and 《Samson Agonists》. While, do you know in which situation John Milton created these three works? When he was blind and suffering. Don’t you think we can learn something from him? After we have mentioned two famous poets, there is one master who we can’t omit in the history of English poetry. Who is he? Ss: William Shakespeare. T: Yes, he is William Shakespeare. Yesterday I asked you to look for some information about Shakespeare, right? Now who’d like to say something about Shakespeare? Ss: …… T: Quite good. Compared with other poets, I think, we are more familiar with William Shakespeare, especially his drama, right? Ss: yes T: Can you name some of his plays? Ss: …… T: Actually, his plays include many aspects: history plays, comedy and tragedy. Among them, I think his comedies and tragedies are more famous. There are four comedies. Let’s see. Maybe you’ll know some of them. 1.《A midsummer Night’s Dream》2.《The merchant of Venice》3.《Twelfth Night》4.《The Merry Wives Of Windsor》 And there are four greatest tragedies:1.《Hamlet》2.《Othello》3.《King Lear》4.《Mac Beth》 Besides these four greatest tragedies, there are another two famous tragedies. I’m sure you are very familiar with one of them. Let’s see. One is Julius Caesar, and what about another one?Ss: 《Romeo and Juliet》 T: yes. Do you like it? Ss: yes. T: I’m very glad to hear that. So we say Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights. On the other hand, he is also a very excellent poet. All his life, he created 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. And his poems are always about pure love and deep friendship. You see, how great Shakespeare is! So much for Shakespeare. Now I’d like you to pay attention to the time. Have you found that John Donne, John Milton, William Shakespeare, all of them were the poets during late 16th century and 17th century. So which period did they belong to? Ss: The Renaissance Period. T: yes. What about Alexander Pope? Do you think they are in the same period? Ss: No. T: From the end of paragraph 3, we can know that Pope was a poet in 18th century, right? Ss: yes. T: So we say he was a poet during The Neoclassical Period. Actually paragraph 3 gives us some information about two different periods, right? Well, now, xxx would you please tell us how many periods have been mentioned in our passage? S1: Four. T: That’s right, thank you. How time flies! The windmill of the time accompanied us going through the Renaissance and the Neoclassical Period. And now it brings us to the third stop——The Romantic Period. It also produced a great number of good poets. I’ll read paragraph 4 for you. Please listen to me carefully and find out answers to these questions: 1. According to this paragraph, how many poets are there in this period? Who are they? 2. Byron’s Isles of Greece is an example of what? 3. Whose poetry reminds Chinese readers of Du Fu or Li Bai? Are you clear? Ss: yes. (Reading) T: Ok, now I will ask some of you to give me your answers. I think the first one is easy. Let’s answer it together. How many? Ss: There are three. T: Good. Who are they? Any volunteers? S5: They are John Keats, William Wordsworth and George Gordon Byron. T: Very good. Are you clear? Shall I say it again? Ss: No. T: Ok. What about the next one? Actually it is a question from post-reading——multiple choice, number 3. Well, which one do you choose? Is it a sonnet or romantic poetry or nature poetry or modern one? Ss: B. Romantic poetry. T: yes, very good. Here, I’d like to tell you more about Byron and his work. Byron was considered to be the representative of romantic poetry. As a leading Romanticist,, his chief contribution is his creation of “Byronic Hero”. When he was 19 years old, he published his first collection of poems: 《Hours of Idleness》. But his masterpiece is 《Don Juan》, a great comic epic of the early 19th century. Here, in our textbook, Isles of Greece is a part of that masterpiece. It is mainly about a tragic lot of Greece. By the way, although Byron was born in a noble family, he still showed his empathy to these suffering people. He is a kind man, right? But unluckily, he died when he was only 36 years old. Very young, right? While, at the same time we have another famous poet who had a long life. Who is he? Ss: William Wordsworth. T: yes. He is regarded as the beginning of real romanticism. Together with another two famous poets, they were known as “lake poets”. So the poetry of Byron, John Keats and Wordsworth reminds Chinese readers of the poems by Li Bai and Du Fu. This is the answer to the third question. Have you got it? Ss: yes. T: Ok. We sill leave the last period. Now let’s read paragraph 5 together. Finally, one two start…… (reading) T: Here I won’t deal with the poet in Modern period in details. If you are interested in Robert Frost, you can discuss with me after class or surf on the internet. Ok?Ss: Ok. T: Up till now we have mentioned a lot of poets n different periods. Shall we finish exercise 3 in post-reading together? Ss: Ok.(Do the exercise and check the answers.) Step4: Discussion (5 minutes) (Deal with the last two paragraphs) T: Totally there are four periods, right? Well, each period has its own characteristics. On the other hand, every poet has his own style, right? Ss: yes T: So, how can we understand them? Basically, they speak English, but we speak Chinese. If I know nothing about English, what shall I do? Who can help me? S6: I think we need a translator. T: yes, a translator may do something. Well, if a poem is translated into another language, is it still the same poem? What are some differences? Now, please read the last two paragraphs and have a discussion with your desk-mates. Then I will invite some of you to help me to solve this problem. Clear? Ss: yes T: Ok. Now read and discuss with your partner. (several minutes later) T: Stop here, please. Now, who can help me? S7: …… T: Very good. Thank you very much. No matter how well a poem is translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost. So we’d better learn English well, thus we can read poetry in English. Step 5: Post-reading (3 minutes) (Adopt the first paragraph as a conclusion of the whole passage) T: So, today, we have learnt a lot of things about English poetry, including some famous poets and their representative works, right? Ss: yes T: Although we are Chinese, they are English; although we are modern people, they are ancient men; poetry can bring us together, right? Just as Mu Dan wrote: Quietly, we embrace in a world lit up by words. Step 6: Homework (2 minutes) T: Here comes your homework. 1. Finish exercises in post-reading 2. Review the information we have collected this class. 3. Read the whole passage again and underline some language points. Is that clear? Period 3 Language points 一．. I，m interested to read some Romantic poetry about love and friendship.我想读一些关于爱情和友谊的浪漫主义诗歌。 (1) interest v.使感兴趣 n.兴趣interested adj. 感兴趣的，关心的be interested in 对……感兴趣 be interested to do 想做某事；有兴趣做某事（对所知或所做的事情的感情反应） of interest 有意思的（=interesting作表语或定语）with interest 感兴趣的 take/have/feel an interest in 对……感兴趣 针对性训练题： 完成下列句子（利用上面的短语）： ○1他们对艺术界发生的事感兴趣。They______what is going on in the art world. ○2我不理解为什么他如此地想知道有关你的一切。I could not make out why he_________know all about you. ○3这一些对我来说一点意思都没有。All this ____________to me. ○4他饶有兴趣的倾听着。He listened _________________. ○5没有什么能使他感兴趣。There，s nothing that can _______him. （2）romantic 浪漫的，传奇的，不现实的；Romantic（文艺等）浪漫主义的; 浪漫派的；浪漫主义作家（n.） 二.I like reading poems about friendship and I think Romantic poetry will be very nice to read. 我喜欢读关于友谊的诗歌，我认为浪漫主义诗歌读起来很不错。 不定式to read 的逻辑宾语为该从句的主语poetry，注意不可使用不定式的被动式。类似的还有： This question is easy to answer.这个问题很容易回答。 The box is very heavy to carry.这个箱子搬起来很重。 This room looks very comfortable to live in.这个房间看上去住起来很舒服。 The water in the river is not fit to drink.河里的水不适合饮用。 三.belong to 属于；是……的成员（无被动式，无进行时） Which door does this key belong to?这把钥匙是哪扇门上的？ I dislike the school to which he belongs.我不喜欢他所在的那所学校。 As a writer, he really belongs to the 18th century.作为一个作家，他的确属于18世纪。 He has never belonged to a trade union.他从未加入过工会。 针对性训练题： China has been developing rapidly since its foundation, but as is known to us, she is still a country ______ the Third World. A. belonges to B. belonged to C. belonging to D. to belong to 四．remind vt. 使想起；提醒 That story reminds me of an experience I once had.那个故事使我想起了我的一次经历。 That reminds me (that) I must write to him.那使我想起了我必须要写信给他。 Remind me to take my medicine.请提醒我吃药。 I may forget it unless you remind me of (about) it.除非你提醒我，否则我可能会忘记的。 May I remind you that the bell will ring soon?我可以提醒你钟马上就要敲响了吗？ 针对性训练题： What you said just now ______ me of that American professor A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized 五．stand out 显眼：引人注目；显得突出 stand out for 坚持要求/赞成 stand out against 坚决反对 stand out as 是一个杰出的 stand out form 在。。。。中很突出 Robert“s red hair made him stand out in a crowd.罗伯特的红头发使他在人群中显得十分引人注目。 On this list two names stood out particularly.在这张名单上，两个名字显得十分引人注目。 He stands out for his rights.他坚持要求他的权利。 针对性训练题： I’m standing out _____ his idea; I’m standing out ____ my own. A. for; as B. from; against C. for; against D. against; for 五．light up 点（烟）；照亮；泛起亮光；（使）高兴起来；点 灯 开灯 He lit up before speaking.未曾开口他先点了一支烟。 It，s time to light up.是该点灯的时候了。 A smile lighted / lit up her face.她的脸上洋溢着喜悦的微笑。 针对性训练题： “Why! It’s you!”Catherine said. Her face ______ . A. lighted up B. turned up C. took up D. brought up 六 glory (1) n high fame and honour won by great achievements：光荣，荣誉[U] eg: Our team didn，t exactly cover itself with glory today. 我队今天未能真正载誉而归。 [警示]作为“可夸耀的事，自豪的原因”讲时，为可数名词 eg: One of the glories of the British heritage is the right to a fair trail. 英国人引以自豪的传统之一是有获得公正审判的权利。 [拓展] ○1go to glory 死，上天堂○2send sb. to glory 送某人归天，杀死某人 ○3cover oneself with glory 获得名声及荣誉 (2) v. 因某事而自豪 eg: He glories in his strength. 他为自己的体力而自豪。 We glory in our success. 我们为自己的成功而自豪。 (3) adj. glorious 光荣的，荣誉的，美丽的，灿烂的 adv. Gloriously 针对性训练题： 他们为了国家的荣誉而战。（汉译英）______________________________________ 七．admire v. look at with pleasure or satisfaction; have a high regard for; express admiration of (1)钦佩，羡慕，佩服 eg ；Visitors to Switzerland admire the Alps.到瑞士的游客都会称赞阿尔卑斯山。 I really admire people who can work in such difficult conditions.我很佩服在这种困难环境中工作的人。 [警示]表过“佩服某人某方面”时，应和介词for搭配，即admire sb.for sth. eg : I admired him for his honesty. 我佩服他的诚实。也可说I admired his honesty. (2) 表示赞美,夸奖 eg: Aren，t you going to admire my new hat 你难道不想夸夸我的新帽子吗？ admirer n. 赞美者，崇拜者，（对女性的）爱慕者 eg: I,m not a great admirer of her work. 我对她的工作不太欣赏。 She has many admirers. 她有许多追求者。 Admiration n.感叹，佩服，称赞 eg: we had great admiration for his courage. 我们非常佩服他的勇气。 [拓展] ○1the admiration of 令人赞赏的对象 eg: His skill at skiing is the admiration of us.我们对他的滑雪本领感到佩服。 ○2a mutual admiration society 互相吹捧 针对性训练题： It is for her modesty and honesty that I admire her.( 英译汉 ) __________________________________________________ 八.absence n. being away; lack; non—existence (1) 不在，外出，缺席，缺勤（from） eg :Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点儿。 After an absence of seven years I went home.外出七年后我返回故乡。 （2） 缺少，缺乏（of）……的 eg : Absence of rain caused the plants to die.因缺少雨水导致植物死亡。 [警示]lack也可作“缺乏,不足”讲,该词可以和不定冠词搭配。构成a lack of…… eg: a lack of information 信息缺乏 a lack of water 缺水 而absence 前不能用不定冠词，常和定冠词搭配 eg :the absence of definite proof 缺乏确凿的证据 [拓展] ○1 absence of mind 心不在焉；魂不守舍○2in the absence of 不在时，外出期间，缺少，不存在 absent adj. not present at （1）不在场的，在别处的 eg :He was absent at roll call. 他点名时不在。 I’ll be absent from home in the afternoon. 我下午不在家。 （2）茫然的 eg :He had an absent look on his face. 他脸上带着茫然若失的神情 另外absent还可以作动词，意为“缺席，不在，不上班” eg :He absented himself from the meeting. 他没有参加那个会议。 [警示]作为形容词使用时，仅仅表示当事人“不在”，但作为动词使用时除了属于生硬正式的表达以外，还有暗示“故意缺席”的意味。 针对性训练题 他驾车时心不在焉，几乎肇事。（汉译英）_________________________________________ They spoke ill of the captain in his absence.(英译汉)_________________________________________________ 九．2．play with 相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语，表示“玩弄”或“摆弄”某个东西，是以娱乐或消遣为目的的玩耍。 eg: The boy is playing with his toy train.这个男孩正在玩他的玩具火车。 It is wrong to play with others.玩弄别人是不对的。 I‘d like to play with my sister. She is very kind.我愿意和我的姐姐玩耍，她十分和善。 针对性训练题 玩弄一个人的感情是错误的。（汉译英）_____________________________________ I like ____ the model plane very much. 我非常喜欢这个飞机模型。 十Call up (1) 想起某事，回忆某物 eg :The music calls up old times. 这音乐让人回忆起旧时光。 （2）打电话 eg :He called me up from London. 他从伦敦打电话给我。 [拓展] ○1call at 拜访（某人家或某地）○2call back 召回，唤回，回某人电话，再打电话来 ○3call for 大声呼叫，要求去接某人，去拿某物○4call in 请（医生等），要求退回，收回 ○5call off 取消，拉开○6call on 访问（人），请求○7call out 大声叫喊，叫出 针对性训练题 The sound of happy laughter called _____ memories of his childhood. A. up B. on C. at D. for 十一. come into being 出现；形成，产生 eg: We don’t know when the universe came into being. 我们不知道宇宙是从何时开始存在的。 Later two more armies came into being.后来又成立了两支部队。 Such a custom came into being long ago .这种风俗很久以前就有了。 针对性训练题 这样第一个工人联盟就出现了。 （汉译英）_______________________________________ 十二. l ight up 点燃；点亮；照亮；使面有喜色；容光焕发 eg: He lit up a cigarette before he began his speech. 在开始讲话前他先点上一支烟。 Hundreds of candles lighted up the hall. 几百支蜡烛照亮了大厅。 A smile lit up her face. 她一笑表情为之开朗。 Her face lit up with joy. 她因高兴而容光焕发。 针对性训练题 The streetlights _____ ______ ______. 街灯已点亮。 （完成句子） 十三China has a long history during which many of the world‘s greatest poets were active. 中国有悠久的历史，在此期间出现了许多世界伟大的诗人，他们活跃于世界诗坛。 这是一个主从复合句，主句是China has a long history， 从句是由介词during+关系代词which引导的定语从句。 eg ：There was a time during which people lived a hard life.曾经有一段时期，人们过着艰难的生活。 也可用其他介词which或whom eg :She is a good student from whom we should learn .她是我们应该学习的好学生。 This is the house in which he lived last year.这就是去年他住过的那座房子。 针对性训练题 The village _____ he lived twenty years ago has a history of more than 500 years . A. in which B. which C. that D. the one 十四That makes poetry difficult to write, but very interesting to read. 那就使诗写起来较难，但读起来却很有意思。 该句式结构为“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补+to do”。在这个句式中，句 子的宾语正好是不定式是的逻辑宾语，而动词不定式动作的发出者，可能是句子的主语或包括主语，也可能不是或不包括主语，常用动词除make 外，还有find，feel等。 Eg：I found the man hard to get alone with.我发现很难与那个人相处。 We all felt the plan difficult to carry out.我们都感到那个计划执行起来很难。 注意下面这个句子：I made the poem written.我让别人写那首诗。 针对性训练题 这位科学家感到在这个领域进行研究非常重要。 （汉译英）________________________________________________ 十五Chinese readers admire his works because of his use of surprising images that reminds them of the works of poets such as Su Dongpo. 中国的读者赞赏他的作品是因为他们使用了使他想起像诗人苏东坡的作品那样令人惊奇的描绘/比喻。 在该句中because of是介词短语作句子的原因状语，在原因状语中，含有一个限制性定语从句修饰images。 （1） works作“著作，作品”讲时是可数名词，且常用其得数形式。 eg :the (complete) works of Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集。 He likes O•Henry’s works.他喜欢欧• 亨利的作品。 （2）because of 因为……，由于……的缘故，用法与because不同，后面不接从句，而接名词，代词或动名词。 eg: I was late because of the rain,我迟到是由于下雨的缘故。 I went to bed early because I was tired, 我因为疲倦所以早点睡了。 针对性训练题 ___________ his carelessness he didn’t do well in the examination. A. Because B. Because of C. Since D. As 十六Despite its short history , there is a lot of good English poetry around. 尽管时间短，但确有许多好的英文诗。 句中despite是介词，意为“尽管”。比相同含意的in spite of更正式。在句中作状语，表示让步，后面只能跟名词或相当于名词的词或短语，不能接句子。 eg : Despite his naughty, we all like him. 尽管他淘气，我们还是喜欢他。 a lot of 许多“大量”，同lots of，即可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词，有类似用法的词还有plenty of , a large quantity of (large quantities of ). eg Large quantities of water has been polluted in the last few years. 在过去的几年中，大量的水被污染了。 另外，只能修饰可数名词表示“许多、大量”之意的词有many, a good/great many (of) , a (large) number of等。只能修饰不可数名词的有a great deal of , a large amount of , much等。注意，上述词组一般只用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句则用many, much代替。 eg: There are’t many students in the classroom.教室里没有多少学生。 针对性训练题 There are a plenty of books on the book shelves. (单句改错)____________________________________________ 十七Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost. 而且，无论首诗翻译得多好，原作中的某些精髓已失。 (1)no matter how well a poem is translated 是一个让步状语从句，no matter how也可用however 替代，但二者后面都必须跟形容词或副词。 eg : However/No matter how hot it is , he will not take off his coat. 无论多热，他也不会脱掉外套。 You cannot catch up with a car , however fast you run.无论你跑得多快，也赶不上汽车。 (2)lost在句中作形容词意为“丧失的”。 eg: The art of good conversation seems lost. 高雅谈吐的艺术似乎已不复存在。 常用于以下表达： １，be lost in sth. 专注于某事物。 ２．be lost on sb. 对某人不起作用或无影响。 ３. be lost to sth. 不再受某事物的影响。 ４．make up for lost time 加紧／加快以补偿失 去的时间。 针对性训练题 You must try to finish your project, _____. A. however are you tired B. however you are tired C. however tired are you D. however tired you are 十八dare : be brave enough to ; take the risk of (1)可作为动词。 １．敢……，胆敢…… eg; He didn,t dare to speak to her. 他不敢和她说话。 ２．敢面对 eg : He will dare any danger. 他敢冒任何危险。 3.(以激将法向人)挑战 eg: He dared me to jump. 他激我跳下去。 （２）作情态动词。 敢……，胆敢……，竟敢…… eg :I dare not climb the mountain, 我不敢爬那山。 How dare you say such a thing ? 你竟敢说出这种话。 针对性训练题 晚上他不敢一个人出去。（汉译英）_______________________________ 十九.send for 派人去叫；遣人去拿；召；请；叫 eg :We must send for a man to repair the TV.我们必须叫人来修理电视机。 Please keep these things until I send for them.请替我保管这些东西，等我派人来取。 你最好叫个人代替你参加这次会议。（汉译英） ___________________________________ 二十.among , between 两者都有“在……之间”之意 （１）among用于指作为一整体的人或事物之间。 eg :Hand out the books among the class. 把书分发给全班同学。 （２）among常接三个人／物以上的复数名词 eg : The village lies among mountains.这村落位于群山之间。 between用于指两个或两个以上各自独立的人或事之间。 （１） 在（两者）之间 eg :The little girl was sitting between her parents. 这个小女孩坐在她父母亲的中间。 (2)也可用于三个以上，但用以表示个别的相互关系。 eg :Luxembourg lies between France , Germany and Belgium. 卢森堡位于法国、德国和比利时之间。 针对性训练题 There is a big playground ______ the teaching building and the school gate.. A. in B. between C. both D. among 二十一Shade v/n. comparative darkness causes by the cutting of direct rays of light . n: 阴暗处，树阴 eg : let’s sit in the shade.我们在阴凉处坐下来吧。 (2) 蔽日物，遮帘，百叶窗（用复数形式shades太阳镜） eg :Please pull down the window shade.请拉下窗帘。 (3)差别，不同 eg: all shades of opinion 种种意见 a word with several shades of meaning 具有几种不同意义的词。 ［警示］a shade 表示“微量，少许”，放在形容词或副词之前，修饰该形容词或副词，或与of连用，修饰不可数名词。 Eg：This book is a shade too difficult for children.这本书对小孩而言稍微难了一点。 Ｈe spoke with a shade of reaerve. 他说话带有些许保留成分。 ［拓展］ put sb./sth. in the shade 使某人／某事物相形失色 eg: I thought I was quite a good artist, but your painting puts mine in the shade. 我原以为自己画得不错，可比起你的画来未免相形见绌。 针对性训练题 They would like to stay in the ________in such hot weather. A. shadow B. sunshine C. shade D. air 二十二Recommend vt speak favourably of ; say that one thinks sth. is good (for a purpose ) or that sb.is fitted (for a post ); suggest 推荐；介绍；劝告；建议 Eg：He strongly recommended her to our firm for the post. 他极力推荐她来我们公司担任这职位。 ［拓展］ recommend sb. to do sth. 相当于advise sb. to do sth. “建议某人去做某事，劝某人做某事。“ eg: I recommed you to see her at once. 我劝你马上去看她。 recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 I recommend going by bus.我建议坐公共汽车去。 ［警示］recommend后可接that从句，从句中谓语动词用should+v 形式，should可省略。 eg :He recommended that they (should) be set free.他建议释放他们。 针对性训练题 我可以推荐她为一名优秀的秘书。（汉译英）_______________________________________ The teacher recommended that we _____the novel. A. read B. would read C. readed D. will read 二十三Contribute ( vt) join with others in giving help , money , etc. give ideas , suggestions , etc. ; write (articles , etc. )and send in 贡献；捐献；投稿 eg: He contributed a lot of money to the charity. 他捐很多钱给慈善机构。 He didn’t contribute anything to world peace. 他对世界和平毫无贡献。 (vi)有贡献；有助于；促成；投稿 Contribute to “为……作贡献；有助于……；向……投稿” eg: A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. 适量的运动有益健康。 The construction of a highway will contribute to the growth of the suburbs. 建造高速公路将有助于郊区的发展。 针对性训练题 She ______ a lot of good ideas ______ the discussion. 她在这次讨论中提出很多好的意见。(完成句子) I make most of my money by _____ book but I _____ contribute. 我的钱大部分是靠写书挣来的，但我也确实给杂志社投过几次稿。 二十四 get through (1)做完，结束 eg: I get through a lot of work in a day. 我一天做许多工作。 I’m afraid they won’t get through by twelve o’clock.十二点之前他们恐怕做不完。 (1) 通过（考试） eg: They have all got through the examination.考试他们全通过了。 Did you get through your driving test ? 你驾驶考试通过了吗？ (3)看完，度过，用完 eg: I must get through the book before Saturday. 我必须在星期六之前看完这本书。 (4)（电话）接通 eg :I can’t get through to him . 我给他打电话打不通。 针对性训练题 汉译英 除去物理她都不及格。__________________ 我难以想象这段无聊的时间他怎么熬。________________ 二十五look up （在字典、时刻表等中）查看；翻查；查找 eg :I looked up (the meaning of )the word in my dictionary. 我在词典中查阅这个词（的意思）。 Look up the directory for his telephone number. 在电话簿中找他的电话号码。 针对性训练题 汉译英 我常到图书馆查找我所需的资料。____________________ 二十六fall into （1）养成（习惯）eg: fall into bad habits 养成坏习惯 (2)落入圈套 eg: We played a trick on them and they fell right into it. 们设了个圈套，他们正好中计了。 (3)开始（谈话等）eg I fell into conversation with a writer at the party.在聚会中我与某位作家谈了起来。 [拓展] fall behind 落后，拖欠 fall off 掉落，降低，减少fall in love with 喜爱，迷上 针对性训练题 Children should fall _____ a good habit of studying A. in B. into C. off D. behind 二十七start with 以……开始 eg :The English alphabet starts with A and ends with Z. [拓展] （1）start (all) over ( again ) 再度开始，重新开始，从头做起 (2) start off 出去旅行，出发，动身(3) start out 出发，动身，启动 (4) start somerhing 惹麻烦，闯祸 (5) to start with 第一，首先 针对性训练题 Starting ______ a humorous story, this class was greatly welcomed among these students. A. out B. with C. off D. in 二十八. used to , would 二者都有过去常常之意，但用法有所区别 (1)would 只能表示过去的习惯动作，不表示状态，而used to 两者都可以表示 eg :I would sit under the tree and read English every morning . 我以前每天早上总坐在树底下读英语。 He used to be a quiet boy. 他以前是个文静的男孩。 (2)would 不涉及与现在的对比，而used to 则表示过去与现在的对比 eg: We would often get up early and go fishing. 我们以前经常起早去钓鱼。（不表示现在不去钓了） I used to go to my office on foot .我过去常常步行上班（暗示现在不这样了） (2) would 常常有时间状语加以限制，而used to 重在与现在对比，故无此限制 eg: He would often climb a mountain when young年轻时，他常去爬山。 He used to play volleyball. 他过去常打排球。 针对性训练题 I have been living in Beijing for the years. I _____ live in a small village in Hebei province. A.used to B. use to C. will D. would 二十九 worth , worthy 两词都有“值得……”的意思，但用法不同。 (1) worth 后常跟表价值的词或直接跟名词，而worthy后不跟表价值的词，且后边加上of后才可跟名词。 eg: The old book is worth 300 dollars.这本旧书值300美元。 I don’t think it’s worth the trouble .我觉得它不值得那么费事。 His deed is worthy of praise. 他的行为值得称赞。 (2)worth后可跟动名词，而worthy后需加上of之后，可跟动名词的被动形式。 eg: The book is worth reading. =The book is worthy of being read . 这本书值得读。 (3)worth后不跟不定式，而worthy后常可跟不定式的被动形式。 eg: His deed is worthy to be praised .他的行为值得称赞。 针对性训练题 --This old film is well worth seeing again. --This old film is well worthy of ___ ______ --This old film is well worthy ____ be _____. 三十I sing when I feel good. 当我高兴时我就唱歌。 (1)feel good 是指精神上舒适的意思。 注意： feel well指身体上舒服。 feel 在此表达中作不及物动词，意为“感觉到……，（心情）觉得……” eg: I feel hungry .我觉得肚子饿。 We felt sorry for her. 我们为她感到难过。 Please feel free to call on us .请不要客气，随时来找我们。 The old man felt cold.那个老人觉得冷。 (2)句中feel作及物动词后跟名词或that从句作宾语，意为“感觉，感到” eg: She felt a touch on her shoulder . 她感觉有东西触及她的肩膀。 I feel it was written for me . 我感到那是我写的。 针对性训练题 听到这个消息我感到非常兴奋。（汉译英） 三十一That question is not difficult to answer if we change the word poetry to songs . 如果我们把诗词转化为歌曲的话，这个问题就不难解答。 该句式属“主语+系动词+形容词+to do ”句型，to do 是以其主动形式表示被动意思，但该句型中的形容词仅限于表示主语的特征或性质的形容词，如 heavy, light , difficult , hard , easy , hot , cold , good , nice , interesting , important 等 eg: The problem is difficult to solve .这个问题很难解决。 The box is heavy to carry .这个箱子搬起来太重。 Good novels are interesting to read. 好的小说读起来很有意思。 针对性训练题 The maths problem is not easy _____. A. work out B. to work out C. working out D. workedout 三十二 There are songs that I sing in my head between classes and songs that I want to sing when the school bell rings by the end of the day .有些歌曲是我课间在心里唱的，有些歌曲是在这一天放学铃声响起时我想唱的。 (1)本句是一个主从复合句，主句是There are songs…and songs…第一个songs后跟了一个that 引导的定语从句，that 在句中作宾语。第二个songs后也跟了一个that引导的定语从句，that在句中也作宾语，但在第二个定语从句中又含有一个时间状语从句修饰sing. (2)In one’s head 在某人心里，head在此短语中意为“头脑，脑（智）力，理性”。类似用法的表达还有： use one’s head 动脑筋 come into/enter one’s head （想法等）浮现脑海 have a good head on one’s shoulders 头脑好，有才干，精明 keep one’s head 保持冷静 on/upon one’s head 由某人负责。 ut…into one’s head 使……想起某事 Put…out of one’s head 使……忘记某事。 (2) by the end of +表时间的词，作状语，句子常用完成时态 eg :By the end of this week , we have learned 10 units. 到这个星期为止，我们已学习了10个单元。 By the end of last year, they had finished the great project. 到去年年底，他们就完成了那个宏伟的工程。 针对性训练题 到上学期末我们至少掌握了3000个生词。（汉译英）______________________________________ 语法讲解 过去分词作状语，相当于副词，通常表示时间，原因，条件或伴随情况（行为方式）等。 1． 作时间状语 eg :Thrown to the floor, she regained her footing and rushed into the street. 她摔在地板上之后，又站了起来，冲到街道上去了。 2． 作原因状语 eg :Moved by his words, I accepted his present. 被他的话所感动，我接受了他的礼物。 3． 作条件状语 eg :Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective. 如果吃得及时，这药是很有效的。 4． 作伴随（或方式）状语 eg : He turned away disappointed. 她失望地走开了。 The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students. 老师站在那儿， 周围围着许多学生。 注意：（1）和状语的过去分词通常与句子的主语存在着被动关系，它所表示的动作通常和谓语动词属于同一时间范畴，也可表示先于谓语动词发生的动作。 有时，为了强调先发生的动作，也可用having been. (2) 动词-ed 形式作状语，有时前面带有连词，是状语从句的省略结构，其中省去了从句主语和be 动词，通常该主语与主句的主语相同。 eg : When (it is ) heated, water will boil. 水加热就会开。 She won’t go to the party , unless (she is ) invited. 除非得到邀请，否则她不去参加晚会。 针对性训练题 1．________ in the heavy rain, they didn’t get to the railway station on time . A. Catching B. To catch C. Caught D. Having caught 2._________many times, this story can not interest him again. A. Tell B Told C. Telling D. To tell |
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