掌握过去分词作状语的用法
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Peiod 3 Language study
张寨中学高二英语组
一、学法导引
掌握单词和短语glory,shade,audience,dare,be supposed to do等的用法。
掌握过去分词作状语的用法。
二、重点难点聚焦
1.glory .n （1）光荣；荣誉；壮丽
Those who died bravely in battle earned everlasting glory.
在战场上英勇牺牲的人赢得了永恒的荣誉。
Our team didn’t exactly cover itself with glory today.
我队今天未能真正载誉而归。
（2）荣耀的事，值得赞赏的事（cn）
When that bush comes into flower it is the glory of the whole garden.
那矮树丛开花时，就成了整个花园的光彩夺目之处。
2．shade n （色彩的）浓淡深浅，（图画、照相等的）暗部，阴凉处，荫
Do you like the blouse in this shade?
你喜欢这种色度的女衬衫吗？
The threes give some shade from the sun.
这些树遮住了阳光，很舒适凉快。
相关链接：
shade 指遮挡住太阳的任何地方。
Shadow 由某物构成的黑影。
3．Audience n
(1) 听众，观众
A large audience enjoyed every word he said.
为数众多的观众欣赏他的每一句话。
Then the audience disappeared slowly.
然后观众慢慢散去。
（2）这个词也可作可数名词
There was a large audience at the concert.
音乐会有大批观众。
（3）“观众”作为整体看待时，动词用单数，看作许多人时动词用复数，有时两种形式都可用。
4．dare
(1) 用作情态动词后接不带to的不定式，主要用于疑问、否定、或条件句。
How dare you speak to me like that?
你怎么敢这样对我说话？
No one dare talk about it.
谁也不敢谈这件事。
（2）用作行为动词后接带to的不定式。
He dares to do all he says he will.
凡是他说他要干的事，他都敢干。
Try it if you dare.
要是你敢的话，你就试试看。
注意：①dare用作情态动词通常不用于肯定句。
误：She dare walk in the street at night.
正：She dares to walk in the street at night.
夜里她不敢一个人在街上走。
②dare作行为动词，用于否定句时，后面的不定式符号可省略。
They did not (to) enter the burning house.
③ I dare say 是固定用法，作插入语
There is something worng with the radio, I dare say.
收音机恐怕有点毛病。
5．be supposed to do....应该做....(=should do)
be not supposed to do ....禁止做谋事....
You are supposed to start work at 8:30 every morning.
你应该每天上午8点30分工作。
You are not supposed to be there.
你不可到那边去。
三、法诠释A、B
A、重点内容
（1）转换问题
过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，可以转化成相应的状语从句。例如：
　　1.表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
　　Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
　　从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。
　　Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
　　入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
　　2.表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
　　Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。
　　Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来斗争。
　　3.表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。
　　Given another chance, he will do better. 再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
　　If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。
　　4.表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
　　Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
　　尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
　　Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
　　尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
　　5.表示方式或伴随情况。
　　The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.
　　那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
　　Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.
　　我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
　6.过去分词无论作什么状语，其逻辑主语应是主句的主语。
　　【误】Seen from the mountain, we found the building is very small.
　　【正】Seen from the mountain, the building is very small.
　　【误】Written carelessly, he made a serious mistake in the letter.
【正】Written carelessly, the letter had a serious mistake.
（2）现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较
不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如：
　　Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed.
　　如果你努力，你会成功的。
　　[b]Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.
　　虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。
B、难点内容
1、分词作时间或条件状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在分词前加上when,while,if 等连词。
　　If merely drawn on your imagination, the report will not be convincing.
　　假若仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。
Once (it is)seen, it will be forgotten.
After (he was) shot in the leg, he couldn’t run any more.
2、分词的独立结构
　　1) 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如：
　　The project finished, they had a two weeks’ leave.
　　完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。
2) 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如：
　　They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixed on the lake.
他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。
四、高考真题链接
　　1. ____ , I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. (上海2004春)
　　A. However the story is amusing
　　B. No matter amusing the story is
　　C. However amusing the story is
　　D. No matter how the story is amusing
　　【点拨】选C。however引导让步状语从句时，必须后跟一个形容词或副词，只有C项符合这一要求。
　　2. We're going to ____ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us?(北京2004春)
　　A. get inB. get overC. get alongD. get together
　　【点拨】选D。get together表示“相聚”；get in收获(庄稼)；get over越过，克服；get along进行，进展。
　　3. I feel it is your husband who ____ for the spoiled child. (上海2002春)
　　A. is to blameB. is going to blame
　　C. is to be blamedD. should blame
　　【点拨】选A。be to blame(该受责备)是主动形式，表示被动意义。
　　4. Paper money was in use in ____ China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century. (NMET 1999)
　　A. the; 不填B. the; theC.不填; theD. 不填; 不填
　　【点拨】选C。in use是固定搭配，意为“在使用”；序数词前用定冠词the表示顺序或位次。
　　5. The students are ____ young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty. (NMET 1988)
　　A. mostB. almostC. mostlyD. at most
　　【点拨】选B。根据句意，“这些学生大多是16到20岁的年轻人”得知，mostly是最佳答案。
(Keys: 1─5 BDBAA 6─10 DCCCA )
Peiod 3 Language study
张寨中学高二英语组
一、学法导引
掌握单词和短语glory,shade,audience,dare,be supposed to do等的用法。
掌握过去分词作状语的用法。
二、重点难点聚焦
1.glory .n （1）光荣；荣誉；壮丽
Those who died bravely in battle earned everlasting glory.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Our team didn’t exactly cover itself with glory today.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
（2）荣耀的事，值得赞赏的事（cn）
When that bush comes into flower it is the glory of the whole garden.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2．shade n （色彩的）浓淡深浅，（图画、照相等的）暗部，阴凉处，荫
Do you like the blouse in this shade?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
这些树遮住了阳光，很舒适凉快。
相关链接：
shade 指遮挡住太阳的任何地方。
Shadow 由某物构成的黑影。
3．Audience n
(2) 听众，观众
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
为数众多的观众欣赏他的每一句话。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
然后观众慢慢散去。
（2）这个词也可作可数名词
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
音乐会有大批观众。
（3）“观众”作为整体看待时，动词用单数，看作许多人时动词用复数，有时两种形式都可用。
4．dare
(2) 用作情态动词后接不带to的不定式，主要用于疑问、否定、或条件句。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
你怎么敢这样对我说话？
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
谁也不敢谈这件事。
（3）用作行为动词后接带to的不定式。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
凡是他说他要干的事，他都敢干。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
要是你敢的话，你就试试看。
注意：①dare用作情态动词通常不用于肯定句。
误：She dare walk in the street at night.
正：She dares to walk in the street at night.
夜里她不敢一个人在街上走。
②dare作行为动词，用于否定句时，后面的不定式符号可省略。
They did not (to) enter the burning house.
③ I dare say 是固定用法，作插入语
There is something worng with the radio, I dare say.
收音机恐怕有点毛病。
5．be supposed to do....应该做....(=should do)
be not supposed to do ....禁止做谋事....
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
你应该每天上午8点30分工作。
You are not supposed to be there.
你不可到那边去。
三、法诠释A、B
A、重点内容
（1）转换问题
过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，可以转化成相应的状语从句。例如：
1. 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
　　　从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。
　　Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
　　入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
　　2.表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
　　Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
　　Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来斗争。
　　3.表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. 再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
　. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。
　　4.表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
　　Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
　　　　尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
　　5.表示方式或伴随情况。
　　------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
　　　　我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
　6.过去分词无论作什么状语，其逻辑主语应是主句的主语。
　　【误】Seen from the mountain, we found the building is very small.
　　【正】Seen from the mountain, the building is very small.
　　【误】Written carelessly, he made a serious mistake in the letter.
【正】Written carelessly, the letter had a serious mistake.
（2）现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较
不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如：
　　Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed.
　　如果你努力，你会成功的。
　　[b]Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.
　　虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。
B、难点内容
1、分词作时间或条件状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在分词前加上when,while,if 等连词。
　　If merely drawn on your imagination, the report will not be convincing.
　　假若仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。
Once (it is)seen, it will be forgotten.
After (he was) shot in the leg, he couldn’t run any more.
2、分词的独立结构
　　1) 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如：
　　The project finished, they had a two weeks’ leave.
　　完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。
2) 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如：
　　They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixed on the lake.
他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。
四、高考真题链接
　　1. ____ , I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. (上海2004春)
　　A. However the story is amusing
　　B. No matter amusing the story is
　　C. However amusing the story is
　　D. No matter how the story is amusing
　　【点拨】选C。however引导让步状语从句时，必须后跟一个形容词或副词，只有C项符合这一要求。
　　2. We're going to ____ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us?(北京2004春)
　　A. get inB. get overC. get alongD. get together
　　【点拨】选D。get together表示“相聚”；get in收获(庄稼)；get over越过，克服；get along进行，进展。
　　3. I feel it is your husband who ____ for the spoiled child. (上海2002春)
　　A. is to blameB. is going to blame
　　C. is to be blamedD. should blame
　　【点拨】选A。be to blame(该受责备)是主动形式，表示被动意义。
　　4. Paper money was in use in ____ China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century. (NMET 1999)
　　A. the; 不填B. the; theC.不填; theD. 不填; 不填
　　【点拨】选C。in use是固定搭配，意为“在使用”；序数词前用定冠词the表示顺序或位次。
　　5. The students are ____ young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty. (NMET 1988)
　　A. mostB. almostC. mostlyD. at most
　　【点拨】选B。根据句意，“这些学生大多是16到20岁的年轻人”得知，mostly是最佳答案。
五、跟踪反馈
1. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ____ . (上海2004春)
　　A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted
　　2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. (上海2004春)
　　A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared
　　C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing
　　3. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (上海2003)
　　A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
　　4. Friendship is like money: easier made than ____ . (上海2003春)
　　A. kept B. to be kept 　C. keeping D. being kept
　　5. Unless ____ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (上海2003春)
　　A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
　　6. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)
　　A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
　　7. ____ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.(上海2001春)
　　A. Suffered B. Suffering　C. Having suffe D. Being suffered
　　8. If ____ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. (上海1998)
　　A. giving B. give　C. given D. being given
　　9. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET 1996)
　　A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
　　10. “Can't you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice. (MET 1993)
　　A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing

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