中考语法知识专题:状语从句 |
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状语从句 状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点,而且也是每年中考必考的内容之一。从笔者研读历年全国各地中考英语试题对状语从句的考查内容来看,命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面;从九大状语从句来看,同学们应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种上。 核心知识 一、对时间状语从句的考查 1.要点: 1)引导时间状语从句的连词有:while, when,as,as soon as,until,not...until,before, after,since,etc.要掌握每个连词的含义及其用法,还有它们之间的一些区别。 2)when,while,as的区别: ①三者均可表示“当……的时候”,如果主句表示的是短暂的动作,而从句表示的是一段时间,三者可通用。如: I met Kang Li as/when/while I was walking along the street.当我沿街散步时碰见了康丽。 ②as和when都可与终止性动词连用, while只能与延续性动词连用。如: It was snowing when we got to the airport.当我们到达机场时,天正下着雪。(不能用 while) ③as强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生;while强调主句表示的动作持续于while所指的整个时间内;when可指主、从句所述动作同时或先后发生。如: He sang as he went along.他边走边唱。 Please write while I read.我读的时候,请写下来。 When he reached home,he had a little rest.回到家后,他休息了一会儿。 3)until和till在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”,主句要用延续性动词;在否定句中,表示“直到……才”,主句常用终止性动词,这时till和until可用before替换。如: I waited till/until he arrived.我一直等到他到来。 We won't start until/till/before Bob comes.鲍勃到来之前,我们不会动身。 4)since从句中常用过去时,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时;如果主句是一般将来时,情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时,时间状语从句用一般现在时。如: Where have you been since I saw you last?上次我和你见面之后,你到哪里去了? I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.我一到通化就给你打电话。 2.考例:(所有考例取自2001、2002年全国各省市中考英语试题) 1)我一到美国就给你打电话。(北京市海淀区) I'll ring you up ______ soon ______ I get to America. 2)昨天直到雨停了,孩子们才离开学校。(同上) The children ______ leave school ______ the rain stopped yesterday. 3)It ______ ten years since they ______ to France.(河北) A.as;covered B.was;have moved C.is;have moved D.is;moved 4)He ______ wait until the rain ______ .(南京市) A.won't;will stop B.won't;stop C.will;stops D.will;will stop 二、对条件状语从句的考查 1.要点:引导条件状语从句的连词有if(如果)、unless(除非)等,unless在意义上相当于if...not。条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样,如果主句用将来时,从句要用现在时代替将来时。如: 2.考例: 1)He will go to the Great Wall if it ______ tomorrow.(北京市宣武区) A.won't rain B.doesn't rain C.don't rain D.isn't raining 2) ______ you eat old food,you may be ill.(湖南) A.Before B.Why C.If D.Which 三、对比较状语从句的考查 1.要点:引导比较状语从句的连词有as...as,than。 1)表示甲与乙在某一方面相同时,用“as+原级+as”句型;表示甲在某一方面不如乙时,用“not as /so +原级+as”句型。如: Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen.大连和深圳一样的美。 I don't run as/so fast as Kang Li.我不如康丽跑得快。 2)表示甲超过或不及乙时,用“比较级+从句”(从句中常省略意义与主句相同的部分)。如: He runs faster than you(do).他跑得比你快。 Today is less cold than yesterday.今天没有昨天冷。 2.考例: 1)Jack runs as ______ as Tom.(北京市宣武区) A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.much faster 2)30,000dollars is a large amount of money,but it's ______ than we need.(上海市) A.for more B.very much C.far less D.very little 四、对结果状语从句的考查 1.要点:引导结果状语从句的连词有so...that(如此……以致于),such...that(如此……以致于)等。常用句型: so+形容词/副词+that从句 such a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+ that从句 such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句 so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句 He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.他讲得太快,我跟不上。 He told us such funny stories that we all laughed. 他给我们讲了那么多有趣的故事,我们全都哈哈大笑。 2.考例: 1)这山太高,我们很难到达山顶。(四川) This mountain is ______ ______ that we can ______ ______ the top. 2)Miss Gao asked a question,but it was ______ that nobody could answer it. A.very difficult B.too difficult C.difficult enough D.so difficult 五、对其它状语从句的考查 还有五种状语从句:地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句。 1.要点: 1)掌握常用的引导词: ① 引导地点状语从句的有:where(在哪里),wherever(无论何地),etc.如: Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事竞成。 Wherever you go,I go too.无论你去哪里,我都去。 ②引导原因状语从句的有because,as, since(因为),etc。because常回答why引导的疑问句,该从句一般位于主句后;since比as正式,两者不回答why引导的问句,而且其从句一般放在句首。如: —Why can't I go?为什么我不能去? —Because you're too young.因为你年纪太小了。 As(Since)you are not feeling well,you'd better stay at home. 既然你不太舒服,还是留在家里的好。 ③引导目的状语从句的有so that(以便)等。如: I packed him a little food so that he wouldn't be hungry. 我给他包了一点食物,让他不致挨饿。 ④引导方式状语从句的有as(按照)等。如: I will do it as you tell me.我将照你说的做。 ⑤引导让步状语从句的有though/although(虽然),even though(尽管),whoever/ no matter who(无论谁),however/no matter how(无论怎样),whatever/no matter what(无论什么)等。如: Though it's hard work,I enjoy it.尽管这工作很辛苦,我还是很喜欢。 No matter how hard the work was,he never gave it up.不管工作多么艰难,他都从不放弃。 2)because不能与并列连词so,though /although不能与but同时在句中使用。如: She was late for school because she missed the bus. { She missed the bus,so she was late for school. It's not cheap,but it's very good. { Though it's not cheap,it's very good. 2.考例: 1)I can't understand this passage _____ there are no new words in it.(安徽) B.because C.though D.and 2)“Why did Li Lei use a pencil?”“ _____ his pen was broken.”(福州市) A.Because B.When C.Until D.If 六、对状语从句和宾语从句、简单句、并列句的混合考查 【考点1】区分when,if引导宾语从句和状语从句的不同:when引导时间状语从句意为“当……时候”,引导宾语从句意为“什么时候”;if引导条件状语从句意为“如果”,引导宾语从句意为“是否”。如: 1.—Mike wants to know if _____ a picnic tomorrow. —Yes.But if it _____ ,we'll visit the museum instead.(河北) A.you have;will rain B.you will have;will rain C.you will have;rains D.will you have;rains 2.—Do you know when he _____ back tomorrow? —Sorry,I don't.When he _____ back, I'll tell you.(安徽) A.comes;comes B.comes;will come C.will come;comes D.will come;will come 【考点2】状语从句和宾语从句、状语从句和简单句、并列句的同义转换。如: 1.A:He is too young to go to school. B:He is _____ young _____ he can't go to school.(四川) 2.A:Tom is the tallest in his class. B:Tom is _____ _____ any other student in his class.(四川) 3.A:The box is so light _____ that the boy can carry it. B:The box is light for the boy to carry.(南京) 4.A:Put on your coat,or you'll catch a cold. B: _____ you _____ put on your coat, you'll catch a cold.(上海) 典型例题 Key: 状语从句的复习重点及中考热点透视 一、2.1)as;as 2)didn't;until/till/before 3)D 4)C 二、2.1)B2)C 三、2.1)A2)C 四、2.1)so high;not reach 2)D 五、2.1)C 2)A 六、【考点1】1.C 2.C【考点2】1.so;that 2.taller than 3.enough 4.If;don't |
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