寒假专题——被动语态
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英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例：
The children are looked after well.
孩子被照顾得很好。
the children和look after是被动关系。
The woman looks after the children.
这位妇女照看这些孩子。（主语是look after的执行者）
通常只有及物动词才有被动语，但不及物动词加上介词后也可以有被动语态，但介词不可以省去。今天主要复习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、正在进行时和过去进行及情态动词的被动语态，动词的被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态改变。
一. 1. 一般现在时的被动语态
动词由is/ am/ are＋动词的过去分词构成。is, am, are随人称改变。例：
Rice is grown in the south of China.
中国的南方种水稻。
I am often told to be careful by my mother.
我经常被妈妈告诉要小心。
Trees are planted every spring.
树每年春天植。
2. 一般过去时的被动语态，动词由was/ were＋过去分词构成。例：
The boy was hit by a car yesterday.
这个男孩昨天被车撞了。
The chairs were repaired yesterday morning.
这些椅子昨天上午修好了。
3. 一般将来时的被动语态，动词由will/ shall＋be＋过去分词构成，或者由be going to be done构成。例：
A new school will be built here next year.
一所新的学校明年将在这里建成。
The roads are going to be widened soon.
路很快就会被加宽。
4. 现在完成时的被动语态，由have/ has been＋过去分词构成。例：
The sick man has been taken to the hospital.
那个病人已经被带到医院去了。
The hospitals have been built already.
这些医院已经被建成了。
5. 正在进行时的被动语态，由is/ am/ are＋being＋过去分词构成。例：
The meeting is being had now.
会正开着。
The water is being cleaned by the workers.
水正由工人们弄干净。
6. 过去进行时的被动语态。was/ were＋being＋过去分词。例：
A book was being borrowed by me at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候我在借书。
7. 情态动词的被动语态。情态动词can/ may/ must/ should＋be＋过去分词。
The work can be done tomorrow.
这个工作可以明天做。
The composition must be finished today.
今天作文必须写完。
二. 主动语态和被动语态的转换
主动语态和被动语态可以相互转换，通常有以下三个步骤来完成：
（1）宾语变主语（即将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语）
（2）变动词（即将主动语态的动词随时态变成相应的被动语态的动词形式）
（3）加by短语（即将主动语态的主语放于by的后面，主格变宾格，有时不必指出可以省去）
例：
They speak English every day.
（主动语态）他们每天说英语。
English is spoken by them every day.
People grow cotton in the south.
Cotton is grown in the south.（by短语省去）
They cleaned the room last night.
The room was cleaned last night.
同样被动语态变为主动语态正好相反，例：
Was the book written by the boy?
Did the boy write the book?
三. 带有双宾语及省“to”不定式作宾补的句子变化。
1. 带有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语，通常有两种变化，既可以提前间宾，也可以提前直宾。例：
They gave me some advice on English study.
I was given some advice on English study by them.
Some advice on English study was given to me by them.
2. 省去“to”的不定式作宾补变为被动语再加“to”。例：
He made the boy work all day.
The boy was made to work all day.
I saw them come into the room.
They were seen to come into the room by me.
【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
一. 1. Meimei’s TV set ____________ at the moment.
A. is mending B. has mending
C. is being mended D. is mended
2. Listen! A new song ____________ in their classroom.
A. teaches B. taught
C. is teaching D. is being taught
3. My computer ____________ by him when I went to get it back.
A. was using B. was being used
C. was used D. had used
4. Those trees ____________ at this time last year.
A. planted B. were planting
C. were being planted D. had been planting
5. The classroom ____________. It’s quite clean now.
A. is sweeping B. is swept
C. sweeps D. has been swept
6. This story ____________ many times, but people still like to listen to it.
A. has been told B. has telling
C. is told D. would tell
7. When we got to the farm, the apples ____________.
A. had picked B. had been picked
C. were picking D. picked up
8. Before I bought this radio, it ____________ for two years.
A. was used B. had used
C. had been used D. used
9. The paper ____________ away if you didn’t tell me not.
A. would throw B. will be thrown
C. would been thrown D. would be thrown
10. I never knew that I ____________ around the school by the headmaster.
A. was shown B. would be shown
C. was show D. would show
11. Young trees ____________ good care of, or they will die early.
A. must take B. must taken
C. must have taken D. must be taken
12. Bikes ____________ in the middle of the road.
A. can’t be put B. can’t put
C. can’t be putted D. can’t be putting
13. This book is no use. I mean it ____________ away.
A. can throw B. can be thrown
C. can’t thrown D. mustn’t be thrown
14. This kind of bike ____________ in that shop, but I’m not sure.
A. must be bought B. can’t bought
C. can be buying D. may be bought
15. This kind of thing ____________ already ____________ somewhere in the world.
A. has been, happened B. has, happened
C. will, happen D. are, happening
16. The moon ____________ once a year, is that right?
A. is visiting B. has visited
C. is visited D. visits
17. The old bridge ____________ hundreds of years ago.
A. is building B. was built
C. built D. was building
18. Spaceships without people ____________ some other parts of the universe years ago.
A. have reached B. were reached
C. reached D. had been reached
19. --- How clean and tidy your classroom is!
--- Yes. It ____________ every day.
A. is cleaned B. was cleaned
C. was cleaning D. is cleaning
20. That building ____________ in our home town now.
A. is building B. building
C. is being built D. was built
21. Can you play games with us when your homework ____________?
A. is finished B. will finish
C. finish D. will be finished
22. I believe that those mountains ____________ by the trees in a few years.
A. are covered B. will be covered
C. are covering D. will cover
23. Older people ____________.
A. should be spoken politely
B. must speak to politely
C. should speak to polite
D. should be spoken to politely
24. The baby ____________ by his grandparents from Monday to Friday.
A. was taken care B. was taken care of
C. was looked at D. was looking at
25. This painting ____________ to a museum in New York in 1997.
A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. was selling
二. 将下列句子变成被动语态
1. Mother gave me a new desk as a present.
2. I made my little brother a model ship last week.
3. Ann told me a funny story on our way to school.
4. He often passes me my pen.
5. Did he buy you the book you wanted?
6. Li made his brother clean the room.
7. I saw him go into the classroom.
8. We often hear her sing beautiful songs in the next room.
9. Did he often help the old granny do the housework?
10. Who often watch them play football?

【试题答案】
一.
1－5 CDBCD 6－10 ABCDB 11－15 DABDB
16－20 CBAAC 21－25 ABDBC
二. 1. A new desk was given to me as a present by mother.
或I was given a new desk as a present by mother.
2. My little brother was made a model ship by me last week.
或A model ship was made for my little brother by me last week.
3. A funny story was told to me by Ann on our way to school.
或I was told a funny story by Ann on our way to school.
4. I am often passed my pen by him.
My pen is often passed to me by him.
5. Was the book you wanted bought for you?
或Were you bought the book you wanted?
6. His brother was made to clean the room.
7. He was seen to go into the classroom.
8. She is often heard to sing beautiful songs in the next room.
9. Was the old granny often helped to do the housework?
10. Who are often watched to play football?

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