谈谈高考听力考点
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近几年的高考英语听力考试大都采用3个选项、长短10段对话或独白、20道小题的模式。影响学生听力测试的因素很多，如：播音速度、学生素质、环境影响等，但主要因素是学生自身。学生自身的素质包括：听力技巧、知识底蕴、反映能力等，我们在教学中应当努力提高学生的自身素质，在反复训练的过程中不断提高听力技巧，增加知识储备，增强反映能力，要想达到这一目的，研究一下高考听力试题很有必要。究竟高考听力考什么知识点？怎样设计考点？笔者列出点点，仅供参考。
一、 考主旨要义。
听一段对话或一段独白，要求考生判断对话或独白的中心思想。这样的题目要求考生听懂对话或独白的大意，抓住对话或独白的“who”、 “what”、“when ”、“where”、“how”等关键语句。如：录音：
M: I wish I could get used to the American customs of Using first names .
W: We usually call good friends by their first names .
考题： What is the man talking about ?
A. The woman’s name . B. A custom that is new to him .
C. American names .
答案：B 。
又如：录音：
W: Look! It’s snowing .
M:Yes, but it’s terribly cold today . I’m glad I have my overcoat on .
W: There is ice on the lake , too . We’ll be able to go skating this weekend .
M: Not if it’s too windy . Come on ! Let’s go back . I’m freezing .
W: You’ll just have to learn to like it . The weather in Ottawa will be like this for the next three months .
M: Yes, I know , but I wish it were shorter here .
考题：What are they talking about ?
A. Weather. B. Ottawa . C. skating .
答案：A 。
二、 考细节信息。
这样的考题要求考生对所听到的信息加以判断，所听到的信息与试卷上所给的信息表达方式不同，要求学生做出判断。做出判断时应注意的问题：
1.用不同的表达方式表达相同的意思，对话中或独白中用一种表达方式，而在考题中用另外一种表达方式，这就要求学生在平时的学习中多积累同一意思不同表达的知识点。例如：录音：
M: I don’t think your hat matches your dress .
W: But I like its style .
考题： What does the man think about the woman’s hat ?
A. It’s very good . B. It doesn’t go well with her dress . C. He likes the style .
答案：B。
2．正话反说。对话中用肯定的方式表达出来，而考题中用否定的方式表达。或者，对话中用否定的方式表达出来，而考题中用肯定的方式表达。例如：录音：Kate was out when Joe called at her office this morning .
考题：Which sentence has the same meaning as the one you hear ?
A. Kate wasn’t in when Joe went to see her .
B. Kate went out of her office to see Joe .
C. Joe saw the officer at the gate .
答案：A。
3．直接信息。考生可以从对话中直接找到信息回答问题。例如：录音：
M: Mary is fond of camping , isn’t she ?
W: Yes. She often goes for weeks at a time .
考题：What does the woman say about Mary ?
A. She hasn’t gone camping for weeks .
B. She likes long camping trips .
C. It takes her a long time to plan her camping .
答案：B。
4．数字计算。对话或独白中给出一组数字，考题中从另一角度设问，考生需要加减乘除运算后做出判断。例如：录音：
W: I want a single room with a bath . What’s the rent ?
M: It’s $ 6 a day .
考题： How much does she have to pay if she stays for 5 days ?
A. $ 6 。 B. $ 11。 C. $ 30 。
答案：C 。
又如：录音：
M: Do you know how old Dick is this year ?
W: Well, let me see . I’m 39 and he is 4 years younger .
考题：How old is Dick now ?
A. 39 。 B. 43 。 C. 35。
答案：C。
5．时间判断题。对话或独白中给出一个动作的时间，考题中考查与所给动作时间有关动作的发生时间。例如：
录音：
M: Lucy , can you tell me when Linda will get here ?
W: I’m not sure , but she is supposed to be here at ten to nine .
问题：When should Linda get here ?
A. At 8:50 。 B. At 9:00。 C. At 10:00 。
答案：A。
又如：录音：
M: John is supposed to come here at half past seven .
W: Yes, he’ll be here in 15 minutes .
考题：
What time is it now ?
A. 7:15 。 B. 6:40 。 C. 7:45 。
6．对话背景。通过听对话人的语气，细节内容，判断对话的时间、地点、所发生的事件等。例如：录音：
W: Come in and sit down .
M: Thank you . Here O’ve got a small present for you for Christmas .
W: How nice of you ! Let’s open it right now . Oh , how lovely it is !
M: This small basket will be just right for candy and some other little things .
W: Where did you get it ?
M: It’s from China . two months ago , I went to China with my parents and I bought it for you in Beijing , the capital of China.
W: From China? Thank you so much . No wonder it’s so lovely . China’s famous for its handicrafts . Let me see what it is made of .
M: It’s woven of bamboo .
W: Really ? How skillfully it’s done ! I’ll set it right here . Everybody can see it when coming in .
M: I’m very glad you like it .
考题：Where does this conversation take place ?
A. At a restaurant . B. At the woman’s home . C. In the street .
答案：B。
7．双方的关系。通过听对话，判断说话人的关系。例如：录音：
W: Hi, Mr.White . Do you know me ?
M: Of course . Who doesn’t ? Ann , the most outstanding student at our school . What can I do for you today ?
W: Can I speak to you for a few minutes ?
M: Yes. Go ahead .
W: The entrance exams are coming . I’ve some questions about what to study in the future .
M: What do you like ?
W: I’m interested in literature, especially world literatures . But my parent want me to study physics . They said physics was more useful than literature . What’s more , it would be easier for me to find a job after graduation.
M: It’s too early to think of finding jobs now . And physics and literature are both sciences , although quite different . Literature is as useful as physics . There’re many outstanding scientists . There’re also many great writers . You can’t tell who are more important . All of them have made great contributions to their countries and to the whole world and mankind as well .
W: Yes. How nice it would be if only my parents could see things this way !
考题：What ‘s the most probable relationship between the two speakers ?
A. They are friends . B.They are teacher and student.
B. They are boss and employee.
答案：B。
三、 问说话人的意图或观点。例如：录音：
W: If I speak this way , could you hear me clearly ?
M: Go ahead .
考题：What does the man mean ?
A. The woman should go away . B. He will get closer to her
C. He can hear her very well .
答案：C。
又如：
W: Hi , Fred . Where have you been ?
M: I’ve been to the library and borrowed some English books . Why do you ask ?
W: I thought you’d been to the post office . Did you find the money I left on the desk ?
M: Yes, $10 altogether . But I don’t know what it is for .
W: Didn’t you see the note I left to you with the money ?
M: Note “ What note ? I don’t see any note .
W: Really ? It’s very strange . I left the money with a note saying I wanted you to go to the post office and get some envelopes and stamps for me . I also put the ink bottle on them in case they might not draw your attention .
M: I see now . Why can’t you go and get them yourself ? The post office is ony about 30 minutes’ walk from here . We often walk there after supper .
W: Of course I know how far it is from our school . I can’t go there myself because I’ve very busy doing some chemical experiments in the lab . And what’s more , I have to prepare for my English exam. You know I failed in the last one . If I can’t pass this time, a hard time will be waiting for me .
考题： Where did the man go ?
A.To the library . B. The she chemistry lab C. To the post office
四、 考推测。对话或独白中没有直接提出事情的结果，需要考生根据对话中提到的线索进行推测。例如：录音：
M: Is that Ann ?
W: Yes .
M: This is Mike . How are things with you ?
W: Oh, very well, but I’m very busy .
M: Busy ? But you’ve finished all your exams ?
W: Yes, but I’ve lots of other things to do . I have to help my little sister with her foreign language .
M: How about coming out with me this evening ? There’s a new film put on .
W: I’m sorry , but I’m afraid I just can’t go with you . A friend of mine is coming from the south and I have to go to the station to meet him this evening .
M: What a pity ! How about weekend then ?
W: No, I’ve arranged to go to an art exhibition with my parents . We’er all very interested in arts , you know .
M: What about next week sometime ?
W: Maybe .
考题：What is the woman going to do tonight ?
A. Help her sister with English .
B. Meet her friend at the station .
C. Go to an exhibition with her parents .
答案 ：B 。
又如：录音：
M: We should stop here since we have been working for hours .
W: You are right . I’m a little bit tired .
考题：What will they do now ?
A. Have a rest . B. Go on working . C. Stop to work .
答案：A。
五、 听语气判断说话人的身份、或态度。例如：录音：
M: You go ahead and sit next to Jack . He often talks too much while watching games .
W: Why me ?
考题：What do you know from the woman’s answer ?
A. She can’t understand the man very well .
B. She doesn’t agree with the man .
C. Tom won’t like her sitting .
答案：B。

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