| 人教版高一Unit14 Festivals |
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第一部分 教案 Goals： 1． Talk about festivals and customs 2． Practice expressing and supporting an opinion 3． Use the model verbs must, have to, have got to 4． Write an invitation for a festival Period1 warming up, listening 1. Warming Up Task 1: Brainstorming Festivals of foreign countries Task 2: talk about 3 festivals on the textbook according to the pictures 1) Halloween 2) Obon 3) The Day of The Dead Look at the pictures in your books and discuss the following questions with your partner. 1. Do you know the names of the festivals? 2. Do you know which countries the festivals come from? 3. What are the people in the pictures doing? Why are they doing this? 2．Listening (P9 & P77) （1）. Pre-listening: Present three pictures about Mardi Gras, Ramadan and Easter and let Ss to guess out the names of the festivals from what they can see from the pictures. （2）. While-listening: Do the three festivals one by one. For each one, Ss can listen to it twice. The first time, Ss’ task is to find correct answers to the choices in the book. The second time, Ss’ task is to check their answers and T check the correct answers with the whole class. （3）. Post-listening: Get Ss to listen to each festival again. While listening, try to take notes and get more information about the festival. Then ask Ss to describe the three festivals in their own words. Summary Help Ss to have a revision of the festivals learnt in this class. T: Different histories and cultures have different kinds of festivals and customs. We should get to know they all play important parts in learning a country’s language. We should respect and show positive attitudes towards foreign festivals and customs as well as Chinese ones. Period2&3 Reading Step1 Pre-reading: Qs: 1. How does your family celebrate the Spring Festival? 2. Do you know why we celebrate the Spring Festival and when was this most important Chinese festival born? 3 Can you name some other holidays? Chinese holidays Western holidays New Year’s Day New Year’s Day Spring Festival Valentine’s Day Lantern Day Easter 3月21或此日后月圆的首个周日 Women’s Day All Fool’s Day Pure brightness Day 清明节 Mother’s Day 5月第2个星期日 Labor Day Father’s Day 6月第3个星期日 Youth Day Labor Day Children’s Day All Saints’ Day 11月1日 Dragon Boat Festival Thanksgiving Day 11月第4个星期四 Army’s Day Teacher’s Day Mid-autumn Festival National Day Step2 Scanning Questions: T: Do you know there is another festival which follows Christmas Day in America. It is an important festival to African Americans. Is there any one who knows the name of the festival? (Kwanzaa) Fast reading: Read the text on page 10 fast and try to get a general idea of Kwanzaa from the text. T can present a diagram of the information about Kwanzaa to help Ss to finish this task. Name __kwanzaa______ Date ___________ Meaning _____________ Principles____________ Symbol__________ Celebration____________ Step3 Matching the general idea of each paragraph P1: Kwanzaa is a festival of reflection and anticipation for African Americans. P2: In a popular African language, it means first and celebrates the New Year. P3: The festival is based on seven important principles or ideas. P4: Candles are an important aspect of the celebration of Kwanzaa. P5: Festivals not only celebrate history but add to our cultural traditions for future generations. Step4 T/F Qs: 1.( ) Kwanzaa is a very old festival. 2.( ) The word Kwanzaa means first fruit in Swahili. 3.( ) Kwanzaa is based on old African festivals. 4.( )People created Kwanzaa to celebrate American culture. 5.( ) Kwanzaa is celebrated on Christmas Day. 6.( ) People who celebrate Kwanzaa light a candle for each of the seven principles. Step5: Fill the following form . When does the festival fall? How long does it last? When was it created? Why did people create Kwanzaa? How do people celebrate it? Step6:Details: How to light the candle? Day 1 - middle candle - Black - Umoja - Unity Day 2 - innermost red candle - Kujichagulia – Self-determination Day 3 - innermost green candle - Ujima –Collective Work and Responsibility Day 4 - middle red candle - Ujamaa – Cooperative Economics Day 5 - middle green candle - Nia - Purpose Day 6 - outermost red candle - Kuumba - Creativity Day 7 - outermost green candle - Imani - Faith Step7 post-reading: 1. What can we learn from those festivals like Christmas, Spring Festival etc.? 2. Compare Kwanzaa with the Chinese Spring Festival and Christmas. In which way are they similar and in which way are they different? 3. Look at the seven principles of Kwanzaa. Which one do you think is the most important? Why? Are there any other festivals which have one or more of the same principles? Step8 Discussion Work in groups of four. (Peace Day-----No fight Happiness Day-----No sorrow Friendship Day-----No argument Nature Day------No pollution / destruction) Date How to celebrate it Meaning Symbol Peace Day Happiness Day Friendship Day Nature Day Step9 Argument: What positive and negative effects do festivals have on us? Period 4 Grammar Model verbs: must ; have to; have got to 1. must强调主观上认为”必须”, have to客观上”必须”，have got to非正式用语，相当于have to 2. must否定形式是mustn’t, 意思是”禁止”, have to否定形式是don’t have to 意思是”没有必要” 3. must无时态和人称变化, have to的将来时为will have to，过去时为had to 4. must作”必须”讲时,可用于一般疑问句,否定形式是needn’t或don’t have to 5. must也可表”推测”, 用于肯定句,否定形式是can’t, 而不用mustn’t 6. must表”推测”用于反意疑问句时,`其后反问部分取决于must后的动词 He must be Mr. Zhang, isn’t he? He must have read the book last night, didn’t he? You must have made a lot of friends, haven’t you? 7. must+have done表对过去情况的猜测,意思是”肯定已经”, 否定形式是can’t have done,疑问形式是can---have done? ---Where is the teacher? ---She isn’t here. I think she must have gone home. I didn’t see her at the meeting room. She ____________at te meeting. (D) C. needn’t have spoken D. can’t have spoken Practice: 1. Look at the following table of greeting manners. Decide which are necessary and which are not. Make sentences using must, have to or negative forms. Greeting manners get off the bike when you greet someone salute bow kiss on the cheek nod hug smile look into the eyes take off your hat shake hands Example: When you greet a friend who you know very well, you don’t have to shake hands. If you want to make friends with someone, you have to smile more often. 2. Suppose you are spending the Spring Festival at your grandparents’ house. Complete the sentences with have got to. 1) Your school starts tomorrow, so you have got to go back today. 2) You broke your grandma’s favourite vase, so 3) Your parents went back to work three days ago, so 4) Your grandparents have give you quite a lot of money, so 5) You have done your homework all wrong, so 6) You do not know when you should go to school tomorrow, so 3.Discussion Ask Ss to have a discussion of Dos and Don'ts at school, using the modal verbs: must & have to We must keep the classroom clean. We mustn’t jump the queue in the dining hall. We have to wear school uniforms We don’t have to use credit card in the everyday school store. Period5 Integrating Skills First ask Ss if they know anything about the following festivals: Earth Day, Martin Luther King, Jr Day, Day of the Dead and April Fool’s Day. Then get Ss to work in groups and guess what these festivals are about. Tell Ss we are going to read about these festivals. Get the Ss to work in groups and guess what these festivals are about. 1. What could we do to celebrate Earth Day? Is there a similar festival in China? 2． What do you think “A Day On, Not A Day Off!” mean? 3．Is the Day of the Dead a sad day? What do people do to celebrate the festival? 4. What is the strange feature of April Fool’s Day? Answers：1. We can clean up the school yard, pick up trash, plant trees and so on. Yes, tree-planting days and Lei Feng day. 2．It is not a time for us to rest, but a time to think about and do something important and great. 3. No. it’s a time to celebrate the cycle of life. People usually give sugar skeletons to each other as gifts. 4. People can play tricks on each other and try to fool each other. The person who is fooled is often called “April Fool!” Task 1: Design your new favourite holiday or festival and give reasons. Report your new holiday or festival, using the following expressions: In my opinion, we should… I believe we should… I don’t think it is necessary to… We must decide… I hope we can make a decision. If we do this, we can… Task 2: Create your own festival. Get Ss to write a short description of their created festival according to the form below. Name of the festival: ____________________________ Date: __________________________________________ Meaning: _________________________________________ Principles: __________________________________________ How is the festival celebrated? ___________________________ What is the symbol of the festival? _______________________ Task3: Writing T: Now you have created your new festival, you may want your friends to join the celebration of your new festival. So you should invite your friends to attend your celebration activity. Then how will you invite your friends? Here an invitation is needed. T can present a sample of invitation and tell Ss how to write an invitation. Information needed in an invitation should include: what, when, who, why, and where? (see tips on page14) (Sample: Dear Mr. and Mrs. Silver, We are having a small At-home party with a few close friends at our house on Tuesday, February 3rd, at 7:00 o’clock. We should be very pleased if you could honour us with your company. Sincerely yours, John Brown) 第二部分 篇章分析 the date of Kwanzaa the description of Kwanzaa ①the source of Kwanzaa ②the meaning of the word “Kwanzaa” ③the characteristics of African first-fruit festivals the seven principles of Kwanzaa ①Unity ②Self-determination ③Living together ④Working together ⑤Purpose ⑥Creativity ⑦Faith the way people celebrate it : light a candle each day the effects festivals have on us 第三部分 难点透析 词语简析： 1. compare…with/to …比较---和--- compare…to 把---比作 Compared with/ to many women, she was indeed very lucky. We often compare children to flowers. 2. in common have sth. in common 有共同之处 They have a lot in common. I don’t have a thing in common with my father. out of common 异乎寻常 Except for some crazy ideas, there is nothing out of the common in his book. 3. as well as “和，还有， 不但—而且—” Einstein was a violinist as well as a physicist. We shall travel by night as well as by day. The manager as well as the workers wishes for an outing. 注意：1）as well as连接两个名词或代词做主语时，后面部分可视为插入语，因此，谓语动词应和前一句词和代词保持人称和数的一致。上句可改为： The manager, as well as the worker, wishes for an outing. The manager wishes for an outing as well as the workers. The workers wish for an outing, and the manager wishes as well. 2）as well as连接两个动词时，后面的动词用-形式 He hurt his arm as well as breaking his leg. as well as还可用于比较，表“和---一样好” He plays as well as, if not better than, that man. 4. do as much as we can a) do as much as we can (do)= do as much as possible=do everything we can= do all we can 尽可能多地工作/做事 as—as I can/ could= as—as possible 尽最大可能 as soon/often/hard as possible Tom bought as many books as he could with the money he had. b) as far as 远至， 就—而言 as long as= so long as 只要 As far as I know, he has already finished reading the novel. As long as you keep quite, you can be seated here. 注：as much as /as many as 前者和不可数搭配；后者和可数搭配 e.g.: as much as 150 yuan 由省略的 money决定 5. seem 系v. a) seem like b) seem+a. c) seem + to do d) It seems that e) It seems as if— He seems like an honest man. This seems complicated, but actually it is simple. I seem to have seen him before. It seems that everything is going well. It seems as if it going to rain. 难句分析： 1． Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Americans.（现在分词作后置定语，表示名词中心词与分词是主动关系。） Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival created to celebrate the culture and history of African Americans.（过去分词作后置定语，表示名词中心词与分词是被动关系。） e.g.那只跟着王老师进来的狗是我家的狗。 The dog following Mr. Wang into the room is my dog. 被一群学生跟在后面的那个男人是我们的王老师。 The man followed by a group of students is our teacher, Mr. Wang. 2． The week following Christmas Day, many African-American families get together to greet the new year and think about the past. get together: 聚会 e.g. On New Year’s Eve we Chinese get together for a family reunion dinner get somebody together:把…聚集起来 e.g. Every Monday morning, our school leaders get all the students together to have a meeting. get-together n.聚集 e.g. Every year my classmates in junior middle school have a get-together. 第四部分 背景知识 Kwanzaa: 宽札文化节是非洲裔美国人的节日，1966年由黑人学者Maulana Karenga创立，目的是创建一种完全建立在非裔美国人自己文化遗产上的传统。宽扎节历时七天（从12月26日到1月1日），与宗教庆祝仪式无关。“宽扎”在斯里西瓦语中意思是“庆祝水果大丰收”。 移民带来的文化冲击：移民持续稳步地涌入美国，对美国人的性格产生了深远影响。离开家园，前往新的国家，需要有勇气和灵活性。美国人以喜爱冒险和猎奇，以其独立性和乐观精神而著称。如果其家庭已在这里生活了较长时间的美国人不把物质享受和政治自由当作一回事，那身边的移民就会使他们想到这些特权有多么的重要。 移民还带来了他们本国文化的方方面面，从而使美国社会变得丰富多彩。许多美国黑 人现在既过圣诞节，也过来源于非洲仪式的宽扎节。说西班牙语的美国人则在5月5日通过街头集市和其他活动来庆祝自己的传统。少数民族开的餐馆在美国许多城市随处可见。约翰•F•肯尼迪总统本人是爱尔兰移民的孙子，他对新与旧的融合作了总结，称美国为“一个移民的社会，每个移民都在同一起点上开始了新的生活。这就是美国的秘密：这个国家的人民既清楚地记得过去的传统，又敢于去探索新的领域……” introductions of some famous foreign festivals： Mardi Gras The America's most favorite celebration, and famous Mardi Gras takes place in New Orleans, Louisiana. Carnival has religious roots associated with Judeo-Christian tradition. Mardi Gras is set to occur 46 days (the 40 days of Lent plus six Sundays) before Easter and can come as early as February 3 or as late as March 9. Known as the "biggest free show on earth", people there dress up in costumes for these events and enjoy this celebration by going to public parades where they catch "beads, doubloons, cups, and trinkets" that are all thrown from floats. They also have private celebrations, masquerade balls, held by clubs called krewes. The official colors of Carnival are purple, green and gold, chosen in 1872 by that year's Rex. The colors have meaning: purple for justice, green for faith and gold for power. King Cakes are eaten during this holiday. Valentine’s Day February 14th, Valentine’s Day, is sweethearts’ day, on which people in love with each other express their tender emotions. People sometimes put their love message in a heart-shaped box of chocolates, or a bunch of flowers tied with red ribbons. Words or letters may be written on the flower covered card, or something else. Whatever the form may be, the message is almost the same —“ Will you be my valentine?” The symbol of valentine is a picture with a Heart and Cupid armed with bow and arrow. Many universities, high or elementary schools hold a sweethearts’ Ball for the young students to celebrate Valentine’s Day. Bon Odori Festival (Ghost Festival) Japanese has been looking upon Ghost Day Ceremony originating in Buddhist Ullambana. These two festivals were not only public holidays with enthusiastic festivities but also times when people gave presents to each other and enhance amity between them. The custom of giving presents might root in the transfer from the kind-heartedness of giving alms to the concern for the living families and friends. The Japanese also hang lanterns on July 15 to lead the spirits back to the earthly world and have them enjoy grand banquet. It is like our custom of releasing water lanterns and firing lanterns. Besides, they hold a “pot” ceremony, called “pot-reciting”, which praises Buddhist sutras, singing and dancing, receiving the departed spirits and sending away the solitary ghosts. Today, there are various scales of “pot ceremony” all over Japan, which is kind of an amusement gathering. However, current Ghost Day Ceremony is not full of gloomy atmosphere in its form, remaining only enjoyable sentiment in spite of the existing original meaning. Halloween 1,000 years ago, the Celts living in the Great Britain believed that human is mastered by gods. They also believe that Samhain, the death god, would come back to the earthly world with the dead at the night on October 31. The Celts built bonfires and fired animals as sacrificial offerings to the death god. Some Celts were dressed in costumes made from animal heads or furs, which was the origin of contemporary Halloween masquerade. The night of the death god was a horrifying time that signified the coming of winter and was the beginning of Halloween eve. Today, the religious meaning of Halloween has been weakened; instead, the holiday expresses man’s cherishing memory of Halloween via innovative, ever-changing modern masquerade. Day of the Dead, Mexico On November 2nd, each house roasts bread of animal forms, broiling chicken, hot chocolate and sweet corns, plus laying some toys on the altar because Mexicans believe that the dead children will come back to their own homes in the midnight. The altar for the dead elder is stocked with belongings of the merriment as they do; therefore, their Ghost Festival is just like a carnival when people walk around with masks, eating skull-shaped candies. And even a ghost image is put on the bread. In the evening, the whole family goes to the cemetery and clears the grave. Women praise all night in kneeling or sitting position while men are talking or singing. The flickering midnight candlelight is filling up the cemetery whereas walking singers are chanting for the dead Spirits. Easter Easter, with its religious character, falls on the first Sunday after the full moon that occurs on or after March 21st. Therefore, Easter happens sometimes in March, and sometimes in April. It commemorates the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the tomb where he had lain for three days following his Crucifixion. His rise after three days indicates that he would accomplish his promise to rise again from the dead as proof of eternal life. As Christ’s return to life had occurred during the season of spring, some of the rites of Spring were still retained. Therefore, we see that although Easter is based on the events in the life of Christ, it has been influenced by older traditions. For example, the custom of dyeing eggs is still very popular among American children. Originally the egg symbolized fertility for the ancient Persians and Greeks who exchanged eggs at their spring festivals. But up to the Christian time, the egg symbolized the tomb from which Christ rose. For Christian lamb is the symbol of the sacrifice of Christ and pig the symbol of good luck. That is why both in Europe and in America, people have lamb and ham as their main meat on Easter Sunday. In all the spring season, people enjoy the Easter message of hope, joy and the resurrection of spirit. Thanksgiving Day Thanksgiving Day, which originated in America and was first celebrated in 1621 by the pilgrims of the Plymouth Colony, is the most typical and true national holiday of all the holidays observed in the United States of America. Because of the religious persecution by the established church in England, the pilgrims left their native land with the purpose of enjoying religious freedom. They first fled to Holland, and then sailed to America on a ship called the Mayflower. When they arrived at Plymouth, Massachusetts, it was November, 1620. The first winter was very difficult for them and over half of them died because of hunger and illness, hard work and severely cold weather. In the spring of the next year, 1621, a friendly Indian named Squants, who had been captured and released by other English men, came to help them in planting the corn and fertilizing the soil. Then Squants brought the Indian chief called Massasoit who also treated them in a friendly way. With the help of the Indians, the pilgrims had a bumper harvest that year. They thought the harvest was a kind of deliverance by God, so they decided to have a day of celebration after their harvest to express their thanks to God. And they also invited the Indian chief Massasoit in gratitude and prepared a grand dinner out-doors. The celebration lasted for 3 days. On October 3rd, 1863, Lincoln issued the first National Thanksgiving Proclamation. Since then it has been the custom for the President of the United States to Proclaim annually the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day. The Thanksgiving dinner is mainly stuffed with roast turkey, squash and corn, pumpkin pie and Indian pudding a custard made from corn), etc. Today, American people have four days for this holiday, although the first Thanksgiving lasted three days. One is probably surprised to find the uniformity in the holiday scene of every family, wherever one goes in the United States. People go back home to enjoy the reunion of their family at the arrival of Thanksgiving Day. Christmas Christmas Day, which is the greatest of the Christian festivals, falls on December 25th on which Christian people believe Jesus Christ was born, although no one can tell the exact date of his birth. This is the biggest and best-loved holiday in the United States, which is full of joy and gaiety, love and laughter, hospitality and good will. People usually have two weeks for this holiday. They begin to prepare Christmas long before the holiday comes. Small families and large business firms prepare the holiday differently. Stores are decorated with the traditional Christmas colors of green and red. Goods associated with Christmas become best sellers at this time. People like to decorate their stores and homes with Christmas tree, which is usually covered with strings of colored lights and a star fixed on top representing the star in the East which guided the three Wise Men to where Jesus was born. And Christmas food is special: peppermint-flavored red and white striped canes of sugar, bright colored hard sweets, chocolate bonbons, creamy homemade fudge and clusters of chocolate-covered raisins, walnuts or pecans, etc. On Christmas Eve families have a big dinner. Children hang their stockings by the fireplace, hoping that Santa Claus will fill them with sweets and toys. |
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