Lesson 20 One man in a boat(新概念第二册笔记) |
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王青 【New words and expressions】生词和短语5) catch v. 抓到 fisherman n. 钓鱼人,渔民 boot n. 靴子 waste n. 浪费 realize v. 意识到 ★catch v. 抓到 ① vt. 捉住,逮住,捕获 The police have caught the thief. Have you caught any fish today? ② vt. 抓住,握住 Can you catch the ball? ③ vt. 及时赶到,赶上 catch a bus 赶车 I want to catch the eight nineteen (train) to London. ④ catch的一些固定用法 catch a cold 染上感冒 catch one's breath 摒住呼吸 catch sight of = see 看见 catch fire 着火 catch one's eyes 吸引某人注意力 ★boot n. 靴子 a pair of boots 一双靴子 ★waste n. 浪费 ① n. 浪费 a waste of… 浪费…… It is a waste of time/money/food/water. ② vt. 浪费 You are wasting time. ★realize v. 意识到 ① v. 认识,知道,明白,意识到 I went into the wrong room without realizing it. 我无意中走错了房间。 I realized that I was wrong. ②v. 实现(希望、目标、愿望等) realize one's dream 实现某人的梦想 105 新概念英语第二册笔记 She has realized her hope to be an actress. ③ 使变为事实,使发生(常用于被动语态) This plan can never be realized. 【Text】 Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all! 参考译文 钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动. 我经常一钓数小时却一无所获, 但我从不为此烦恼. 有些垂钓者就是 不走运, 他们往往鱼钓不到, 却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾. 我的运气甚至还不及他们. 我什么东西也未钓到 过-- 就连旧靴子也没有. 我总是在河上呆上整整一上午, 然后空着袋子回家. “你可别再钓鱼了!” 我的朋 友们说, “这是浪费时间. “然而他们没有认识到重要的一点, 我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣, 我感兴趣的只是 独坐孤舟, 无所事事! 【课文讲解】 1、Fishing is my favourite sport. fishing是一个动名词,由动词+ing组成,动名词可以作主语或宾语,如eating,reading等等 ★fish ① n. 鱼(不可数名词),鱼的种类(可数) There are a lot of fishes(表示种类)in the sea. ② v. 钓鱼, 捕鱼 2、I often fish for hours without catching anything. for hours=for some hours 数小时 without catching anything作为状语而出现, 表示结果状语。without 是介词,后面一定要加宾语, 动名词 catching 作without 的宾语,without 后面的动作是主语来做的。动名词也有动词的特性,可以有自己的宾 语。 without通常表示“缺乏、没有”;当它位于动名词前时,表示“不曾、不” I can’t repair the car without your help. They tried to leave the restaurant without paying. He went out without saying any words. 3、But this does not worry me. ★worry ① v. 烦恼,担扰 worry sb. 某人为……烦恼,担扰(作动词一定要加人作宾语, 翻译时从后往前翻,宾语担心) The house worried me. / My daughter worried me. 106 新概念英语第二册笔记 ① adj. 担心 be worried about ……为……担心 I was never worried about this. = This does not worry me. 4、Instead ofcatching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. instead of… 我原准备做……但是后来做了……(instead of 后面的词一定是没有做的, 可以放在 主句后面) I went to school instead of staying at home. 我没呆在家里而是去上学了 I bought books instead of buying dresses. without强调没有做某件事, instead of强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事 副词instead“作为替代,反而”,单独使用时一般出现在句尾 If you don’t want a holiday in England, why don’t you go to Australia instead? 5、I am even less lucky. less是little 的比较级,意为“不及,不如,更少” I spend less time on English than on French. less+原形 A is less…than B A不如B 6、After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. spend+时间+在某地在某地度过……时间 after after After I go to school, I learned a lot of knowledge. (用一般式表示一个事实, 不用“went to” ) After going to school, I learned a lot of knowledge. 介词after的宾语的动名词having spent所表示的动作发生在谓语动词go之前,所以动名词用完成形式。 with an empty bag 注意连读 with sth. 有……的,持有……的,随身带着……(状语) Who’s the man with the beard? without sth. 没带…… I always go home without angthing. 什么都没带回家 7、'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. give up doing sth. = stop doing sth. 放弃做某事 Give up smoking. 8、I'm not really interested in fishing. be intersted in sth. / doing sth. 对……感兴趣 I’m interested in collecting stamps. 107 新概念英语第二册笔记 【Key structures】 动名词 动词+ing 作名词时称为动名词,它仍有动词的属性,可以接宾语,动名词可以代替名词做主语和宾语 或介词宾语。 1、动名词作主语 Watching television is my favourite pastime. 看电视是我最喜爱的业余爱好. 2、动名词作宾语 I am very keen on cycling. 我非常喜欢骑自行车. He is capable of doing anything. 他能胜任任何事情. 3、利用介词/副词+动名词可以把两个句子连成一个句子 apologize for (not) doing sth. 为什么事情而道歉 I must apologize. I interrupted you. 我得表示道歉. 我打断了你的说话(工作). I must apologize for interrupting you. 由于打断了你的说话(工作), 我得表示道歉. (for interrupting强调interrupt 这个动词) I must apologize for having interrupted you.(for having interrupted强调interrupt 这个动词先发生,强调 时间(having done)) 以上两者为时间概念不同,意思相同 congratulate (sb.) on doing sth. 因……祝贺(某人) He congratulated me. I won the competition. 他向我道贺. 我赢得了这次比赛. He congratulated me on winning the competition. 在我赢得这次比赛之际, 他向我祝贺. He congratulated me on having won the competition. thank you for listening/attending 动名词用表示完成时的having+过去分词结构往往强调动名词的动词发生在前面。 4、跟动名词的短语 be keen on doing sth.(热忠于……),be fond of,be interested in,enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做某事), congratulations on doing sth. (祝贺……) be afraid of be up to=be capable of (capable adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以...的) I can’t watch TV without falling asleep. 我看电视时必定会睡着。 5、动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加not。 Exercises C(用括号中的词来连接下列句子, 如需要_____可对原句进行必要的改动) 2.She bought a pair of boots. (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes. She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes. =She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes. 4.(After) She heard the news. She fainted. after+从句; after prep.+doing After hearing the news,she fainted. (faint vi.昏晕, 昏倒) 6.(On) I saw the plane coming towards me. I dashed for cover 108 新概念英语第二册笔记 on (prep.)+doing 一……就……(两个动作必须是同一个人) On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover. 冲进掩护体 as soon as 一……就…… the moment +从句一……就…… 以上两个主语不一定是同一个人 【Special Difficulties】 Interested and Interesting. Excited and Exciting. 大多数现在分词和许多过去分词都可以作形容词用。以-ed结尾的形容词常与人称主语连用,表示人的 情绪、状态、喜好等;以-ing结尾的形容词则常与非人称主语连用,表明事物的某种特征、性质等。 Fishing is not interesting. I am not really interested in fishing. 钓鱼没意思. 我对钓鱼并不真正感兴趣. The match was very exciting. The crowd got very excited. 比赛非常激动人心. 观众非常激动. be interested in sth./doing sth. 对……感兴趣 I’m interested in collecting stamps. It's and Its it’s = it is It's (= it is) cold today. It's raining too. 今天天气冷. 而且正在下雨. its 它的 This engine has lost its power. 这台发动机已失去了动力. Realize and Understand realize vt. 意识到…… He didn't realize that he had made a mistake. 他没有意识到他犯了一个错误. understand vt. 明白…… I don't understand English. 我不懂英语. Exercises(选择正确的词填空) 3.There was some (excited) (exciting) news on the radio. exciting news excited adj. 感动的;exciting adj. 令人激动的 如果–ed,-ing 做形容词即作定语时,和被修饰词有关 on the radio 在广播上 I got news on the radio/on TV/on the telephone/on the line(在线,在电话里). 4.He is not an (interesting) (interested) person. an interesting person interested adj. 感兴趣的;interesting adj. 有趣的 5.He is an explorer. He leads an (excited) (exciting) life. an exciting life 109 新概念英语第二册笔记 explorer n.探险家, 探测者, 探测器 lead a life 过着……日子 lead a happy life He leads a poor life. 【Multiple choice questions】 2 The writer enjoys ___c___ . a.catching fish b.fishing c.doing nothing d.swimming in the river enjoying doing sth I enjoy reading books. enjoy + n. I enjoy books. 6 His bag is empty. He has ___b___ . a.a empty bag b.an empty bag c.empty bag d.one empty bag an 指一个, 强调名词;one 一个, 强调one,强调数量 I sent a letter. (强调信) I wrote one word. (强调一个字) His bag is empty. 强调包是空的,而不是强调一个空包。 7 I am only interested in doing nothing. That's ___c___ I'm interested in. a.only b.the one c.all d.the only (that's/the) only 一般加名词 that+从句, 从句往往以特殊疑问词引导 that's why…;that's when… that's all 那就是一切(That’s all said.) That's all(I heard). That's all I can remember. the one 指东西, 不指事情 11 He always goes ___d___ with an empty bag. a.to home b.to house c.to the house d.home go home 习惯用法, 最佳答案 go to the house 语法正确 没有规则与语法相提并论时,语法为大;语法与习惯用法相提并论时,习惯用法为大。 Where are you going? (更习惯这么说) Where are you going to? 相关链接:教学论文
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