初中语法精挑细讲之句子类型(2)
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　主 句 从 句 例 子
　　一般将来时 一般现在时 I will go out for a walk if it doesn't rain tomorrow .
　　带有情态动词 You must look left and right when you cross the crossing .
　　祈使句 Ask him to give me a call as soon as he comes back .
　　过去时的某种时态 过去时的某种时态 I went to bed at ten after the film was over. / The film had begun when I reached the cinema .
　　I was reading a book while he was singing a song .
　　○2 条件状语从句：由if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case , if only, provided that等引导。（注：在条件状语从句的将来时态要用现在时和过去时，表示相应的将来时）。
　　I'll show you around the city if I am free tomorrow . / If I had enough money, I would buy the car .
　　○3 原因状语从句：由because（因为）, as（由于）, since（既然）, for（因为）等引导。
　　He was absent yesterday because he was ill . / As it was already dark, they decided to stay in the town for the night .
　　○4 目的状语从句：由so that, that, so, in order that, in case等引导。句中常有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。
　　He got up early so that he could catch the early train. / He studied hard in order that he might succeed .
　　○5 结果状语从句：由so…that, so, so that, such…that等。
　　The film is so interesting that everyone likes to see it again . / Nothing more was heard of him, so people thought that he was dead .
　　○6 比较状语从句：由than, as…as, not as(so)…as, the（＋比较级）…the（＋比较级）等引导。
　　Today is not as warm as yesterday. / He listens to the teacher more carefully than I .
　　○7 地点状语从句：由where 和wherever等引导。地点状语从句位于句首时，常用逗号与主句隔开；位于句末时则不用逗号。
　　He follows her wherever she goes .
　　○8 方式状语从句：由as, just as…so, as if 等。As if 引导的从句的时态要用过去时（虚语语气）。
　　Please do as I do . / He tells me the whole thing as if he knew everything .
　　○9 让步状语从句：由though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, no matter who等引导。
　　Although he has failed many times, he doesn't give up trying .
　　B．宾语从句：由一个句子充当宾语，我们称之为宾语从句。（宾语从句的语序永远是陈述语序）
　　○1 宾语从句的连词。
　　a． 如果宾语从句是从陈述句变化而来的，要用连词that来引导，that可以省略。
　　b． 如果宾语从句是从一般疑问句变化而来的，要用连词if或whether .
　　c． 如果宾语从句是从特殊疑问句变化而来的，连词就应该用特殊疑问词（what, when, where…）。
　　○2 宾语从句的时态：
　　主 句 从 句 例 子
　　任何一种时态 一般现在时（表示真理、科学原理、自然现象） The teacher told / tells us that the earth goes round the sun.
　　一般现在时 任何一种时态 I hear that he will come back next week.
　　一般将来时 I will tell him that his father rang him up just now when he comes back .
　　一般过去时 过去时的某种时态 I wondered if Tom would come back ./ Lucy asked whether I had finished my homework .
　　○3 宾语从句的人称：人称代词要随合理的逻辑而自然变化。
　　She said, "I am much better than before."--------She said that she was much better than before .
　　○4 when 和if 在引导宾语从句和状语从句中，后面的时态有差别。
　　I don't know when (何时)she will be back（宾语从句）, but when(当…时候) she comes back, I'll let you know（状语从句） .
　　I don't know if(是否) she will come back（宾语从句）, but if (如果)s 共有4条文章 页次：3/4 分页： 9 7 1 2 3 4 8 :
　　he comes back, I'll let you know （状语从句） .
　　C．定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导从句的关系代词有：who(人，主格), whom(人，宾客), whose(人，所有格), which(物), that(人，物)。引导从句的关系副词有：where(地点), when(时间), why(原因)。
　　The man who lives next to us is a policeman./ You must do everything that I do ./ We will never forget the day when we visited Gaozhou .
　　主句/先行词 从 句 主 句 主 句 / 先行词 从 句 主 句 / 先行词 从 句
　　○1 从句的谓语动词和先行词的关系。
　　a． 主谓关系：He asked the man(作从句主语) who/that was smoking .
　　b． 动宾关系：The noodles(作从句宾语) that/which I cooked were delicious .
　　○2 只能用that 的情况：
　　a． 先行词为all, any, few, no, some, much, little等修饰。 I have done all the work that he told us to do .
　　b． 先行词被序数词修饰。 That last/first question that he asked me was hard to answer .
　　c． 先行词同时有人和物。 They often talk about things and persons that they remember .
　　d． 先行词是everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词。 I remembered everything that the teachers taught me before .
　　e． 先行词被形容词最高级修饰。 That is the best book that I have read .
　　f． 先行词被the very, the only, the same修饰。 It is the very book that I am looking for .
　　g． 先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语。 China is no longer the country that it used to be .
　　h． 先行词是指示代词that, one, those, this, another, all等。 Is this school the one that I saw in the picture ?
　　i． 主句以who / which开头，定语从句用that 。who is the girl that spoke to you just now ? / which is the car that was made in China ?
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