初中语法精挑细讲之句子类型(3) |
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中学英语教学资源网 → 英语论文 → 语法专题指导 手机版 | ||||
○3 只能用which的情况: a. 关系代词前有介词。 This is the house in which we lived last year . b. 先行词本身是that 。 The clock is that which I bought yesterday . c. 非限制性定语从句。 His English , which used to be very poor, is now excellent . ○4 定语从句在句中作定语,所以在使用时,相当于现在分词短语,过去分词短语,动词不定式短语,介词短语作后置定语的句子。 a.I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun . = I bought a book written by Lu Xun . b.Tell the children who are playing basketball not to do that . = Tell the children playing basketball not to do that . c.The house that stands at the corner was built in 1987 . = The house standing at the corner was built in 1987 . d.We have nothing that we should fear . = We have nothing to fear . e.The book that is on the table is expensive . = The book on the table is expensive . ○5 引导词when, where和why可用相应的表示时间(in, on, at, during等)、地点(in, on, at等)和原因(for)的介词+which 表达为介宾结构。 a.I still remember the day when I met her for the first time . ---- I still remember the day on which I met her for the first time . b.That is the place where I went when I was a child . ----- That is the place to which I went when I was a child . c.May I know the reason why you are late ? ----- May I know the reason for which you are late ? ○6 在定语从句中,不能再出现指示先行词的指示代词。 I just can't find the book which/that she lent it to me .(×)---- I just can't find the book which/that she lent to me .(√) ○7 注意下面的变化: a. This is the house(不作lived的宾语) where we lived last year . This is the house(作lived in的宾语) which/that we lived in last year . b. This is the day (不作left的宾语)when we left for Shenzhen . This is the day (作spent的宾语)which/that we spent in Shenzhen . ○8 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别: a. 限制性定语从句:是句中不可缺少的组成部分,没有从句,先行词意思不明确,主句也不完整,从句主句不用逗号分开。 b. 非限制性定语从句:是主句先行词的补充说明,没有从句并不影响主句意思的明确或完整,这种定语从句一般用逗号和主句分开,在非限制性定语从句中,一般不用that。 ◎ Last Sunday they reached Dalian, where a meeting was to be held . ◎ She has two brothers, who are both doctors . Ⅲ There be 句型 1. 英语"There + be + (not)"结构表示"有(没有)某人或某物"时,there 是无词义的引导词,be是谓语动词,它后面的名词是主语,两者再数上必须一致。句末往往有表示地点或时间的状语。 There is a pen on the table . / There will be a football match tomorrow . 3. 否定句:There + be(助动词或情态动词)+not(any)(或+no)+ 主语…。 There are not fairies in the world . / There wasn't a underground in Shanghai before ./ There won't be a football match tomorrow . 4. 一般疑问句:Be + there +(any) +主语… ? / 助动词或情态动词 + there +be +(any) + 主语… ? Is there anything I can do for you ? / Will there be cloud tomorrow ? 5. 特殊疑问句:疑问词(+名词)+be +there + 状语 ? How many weeks are there in a year ? / What is there on the desk ? / Where will there be a football match tomorrow ? 6. 如果there +be 之后是并列主语,应根据离be 最近的名词来选择be的形式。 There is a apple and two pears on the table . / There are two pears and a apple on the table . 7. 含有引导词there 的句子用seem to be , happen to be , used to be 或live 等作谓语的结构。 There happened to be an old friend of mine in the shop . / There used to be a temple here 相关链接:语法专题指导
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