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罗玉南 考点直击 教材：I've got some personal affairs that I have to see to．（L．57） 考题1：Thefounding of the People's Republic of China is a great ____ in history． AaffairB．business C．matter D．event 简析：该题考查词语辨析。affair可指已经发生的或是必须去做的事情，多为泛指。business常指一种任务、责任或是责职要求去做的事情。matter常指应给予注意、考虑或需处理的事情。event多指重大、重要事件，故本题答案为D。 考题2：Who will see to ____ everything returns normal before dusk？ AitB．that C．whether D．it that 简析：see to意为“处理、负责某事；照顾某人”，to为介词，后接名词、代词。如：Will you see to the anrangements for the next committee meeting﹖你来负责下次委员会会议的安排工作，好吗？另外，还有一个固定短语see to it that,意为“一定注意到……，务必……”。该题考查see to后接宾语从句的用法，该词组后接宾语从句应使用it作形式宾语，答案为D。 教材：Maybe that is the sound that I've heard at night-the sound of him locking it．（L．58） 考题3：How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden？ Ato takeB．take C．takingD．to be taking 简析：该题考查动名词的复合结构的用法。此处的the two of us taking a walk作how about的宾语，答案为C。教材：Holmes and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour．（L．59） 考题4：_____ production up by 60％， the company has had another excellent year． AAsB．For C．WithD．Through 简析：该题考查介词的选用。本题为with复合结构，答案为C。 教材：The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise．（L．59） 考题5：-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her？ -Yes，I gave it to her ____ I saw her． AwhileB．the moment C．suddenly D．once 简析：该题考查名词（词组）作连词引导状语从句的用法，答案为B。本课中的副词 immediately也有此类用法。 5．The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise． 【考点】immediately, directly等少数副词和the first day, the minute, the first time，every time, next time等表示时间的名词短语可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句。 【考例】I thought her nice and honest ＿＿＿＿＿＿ I met her． （上海’97） A． first time B． for the first time C． the first time D． by the first time 【简析】for the first time是介词短语，只能作状语，不接从句；the first time (day, year)引导状语从句时，the不能丢。故本题选C。 教材：You were supposed to die like that．（L．59） 考查6：He is supposed to_____ to the meeting，but he didn't． 教材：I can see it fastened to a nail next to the hole in the wall．（L．58） 考题7：_____ more attention，the tree could have grown better． AGiven B．To give C．Giving D．Having given 简析：答案为A。该题考查分词作状语的用法，此处相当于If the tree had been given more attention。 考题8：The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year． Acarry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out 简析：see, hear, watch等动词常可用过去分词作其宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语是动宾关系。该题重在理顺句子结构，句子的主干部分为The managers discussed the plan，其后为that引导的定语从句，that在从句中充当see的宾语，carry out与the plan为被动关系，答案为C。 6．I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in your office． 【考点】mean to do sth．表示“打算做某事”；mean doing sth．表示“意味着……”。 【考例1】-Youshouldhave thanked her before you left． -I meant ＿＿＿＿, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere．(上海2000) A．to doB．to C．doing D．doing so 【简析】答语意为“我本来打算那样做，但……”。又因是在答语中，要用保留动词不定式符号to的省略式。故本题应选B。 【考例2】In some parts of London, missing a bus means ＿＿＿＿＿ for another hour． (上海2002) A． waiting B． to wait C． wait D． to be waiting 【简析】句意为“在伦敦的部分地区，错过一班车就意味着要再等上一个小时。”故本题选A。 7．There is no doubt about it.意为: I have no doubt about it.或: I'm sure of it.表示对某事很有把握，十分肯定，毫不怀疑。例如： ①He is an honest child. There is no doubt about it.他是一个诚实的孩子，这是肯定无疑的。 ②We will be successful. There's no doubt about it.我们会成功的，这是肯定的。 【注意】 There is no doubt+that-clause.可作为一个句型学习。又如： ③There is no doubt that he will come in time.他将及时到来，这是肯定无疑的。 ④There is no doubt that you'll be warmly welcomed.你们肯定会受到热烈的欢迎。 I doubt whether he'll come.我不敢肯定他会不会来。 8．It's time sb. did sth.意为“是某人做某事的时候了”。 这个句型中的谓语动词用过去式，是虚拟语气的一种用法，实际上是“现在做某事”。例如： ①It's time we had our lessons.是我们上课的时候了。 ②It's time you had dinner.是你该吃午饭的时候了。 ③It's high time we had supper.我们该吃晚饭了。 ④Is it time you got every thing ready?是你该把一切都准备好的时候了吗？ 9．seat的用法 1)seat作为名词，意为“座位”、“所在地”、“活动中心。”如： ① The classroom has seats for fifty.这教室有五十个座位。 ②Does this seat belong to anybody?这座位有人吗？ Beijing is the seat of the government of our country. 北京是我国的政治中心。 ④ The disease has its seat in the lungs.病在肺部。 2)seat作为及物动词，意为“使…就座”。后面需接表示人的名词或代词作宾语。如果seat后没有宾语，是应考虑用被动语态。如： ①The guests were all seated.客人们都就座了。 ②Mary seated herself at a desk.玛丽坐在书桌旁。 ③ He seated us in the front row.他让我们坐在前排。 ④ The hall can seat 1000 people.这间大厅能坐一千人。 Unit15易混词语练与析 1.fasten; tie fasten意为“栓砖捆牢、扎紧”，常用作及物动词(用于fasten ．．． to．．．结构时，可以与tie互换，但语气上fasten比tie重)；也可用作不及物动词，意为“（把目光、思想、注意力）集中于……”。tie意为“系、栓、扎”，常用作及物动词，后接其同源宾语tie, knot等；用作不及物动词时，意为“打领带、打领结”。 1) You’d better ＿＿＿＿ a red tie when you go to a party． 2) She ＿＿＿＿＿ her eyes on the child in order to find something unusual． 3) They ＿＿＿＿＿ the boat to a big rock near the bank． 4) The door won’t ＿＿＿＿＿＿． It needs repairing． 2) He is ＿＿＿＿＿＿ the dust out of the quilt． 3) He was ＿＿＿＿＿＿ in the left eye． 4) They not only took his money, but also ＿＿＿＿＿ him up． 5) I left immediately after the clock ＿＿＿＿＿ twelve． 3． would do sth．; used to do sth． 这两个短语都可以表示“过去经常做某事”，但区别是：would do sth．表示过去某一段时间内习惯性的行为、活动；used to do sth．在时间上主要是同现在对比，暗含“现在已不这样了”的意思；其后既可接表示动作的动词，也可接表示认知或状态的动词。1) The old man was seventy and he ＿＿＿＿＿ tell me about his past when I went to see him． 2) The small village is not what it ＿＿＿＿＿ be． 3) I ＿＿＿＿＿＿ get up early last year． 4． affair; thing; matter; business affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事；复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务等。 thing意为“事情、事物”，不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing，一般不能专指事务；复数things还可作“形势”解。 matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。 business作“事务、事情”解时，一般不能用复数，常常指所指派的任务、责任；有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。 1) The Foreign Office handles international ＿＿＿＿＿． 2) My ＿＿＿＿＿＿ is selling cars, while yours is studying at school． 3) Don’t leave your ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ about． 4) It’s a ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ of life and death． Key: 1．tie; fastened; fastened／tied; fasten 2．struck; beating; hit／struck／beaten; beat; struck 3．would; used to; would ／ used to4．affairs; business; things; matterUnit15谈谈-ed分词作定语和状语 一、作定语 1． 过去分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句。如：What’s the language spoken (＝that is spoken) in that area﹖ 那个地区讲的是什么语言？ Is there anything planned (＝that has been planned) for tonight﹖ 今晚安排了什么活动没有？ The book, written (＝which was written) in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners． 这本书是1957年写的，讲述矿工斗争的故事。 2．过去分词作定语常表示发生在过去（谓语动作之前）或没有一定时间性的动作，且与被修饰词在逻辑上存在着被动关系。如： The questions discussed are very important． (既表被动，又表完成) I don’t like to see letters written in pencil．（没有一定的时间性，只表被动） 二、作状语 1． 作原因状语 相当于as, since, because引导的从句，这类状语多放在句首。如： Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid．＝Since ／ As she was given advice by the famous detective，．．． 有了著名侦探的指点，这位姑娘不再害怕了。 Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room． ＝Because she was frightened by the noise．．． 姑娘被夜里的响声吓坏了，不敢在她的屋里睡觉。 2． 作时间状语 相当于when 引导的时间状语从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，可在分词前用when, while, until等使其时间意义更明确。如： Built in 1192, the bridge is over 800 years old． 这座桥是1192年建的，已经有八百多年的历史了。 When heated, water can be changed into steam． 水加热后可以变成水蒸气。 3． 作条件状语 相当于if, unless引导的从句。如： Given more attention (If they had been given more attention), the cabbages could have grown better． 如果更精心一点，这些大白菜可以长得更好一些。 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go． 和你相比，我们还有很大的差距。 4． 作方式或伴随状语 The hunter left his house, followed by his dog． 猎人离开了屋子，后面跟着他的狗。 She sat by the window, lost in thought． 她坐在窗前，陷于沉思。 注意：分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构 在很多情况下，这种结构表示伴随动作或情况。如： He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat．他冲进屋内，满脸是汗。（his face covered with sweat为独立主格结构） |
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