第19单元重点知识辅导
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罗玉南


重点词语用法
1．march的用法
1)march可用作动词，表示“行进，前进”。
①They marched in and took over the town.
他们进占了这个镇子。
②The army has marched thirty miles today.
部队今天行军三十英里。
③We are marching on science and technology.
我们正向科学技术进军。
2)march也可用作名词，意为“行军，行进”，也指“示威游行。”
①It was a long and difficult march.
这是一次艰难的长途行军。
②It was a day's march from the city to the camp.
从城市到营地是一天的行程。
③It is a peace march. 这是一次为争取和平的游行。
3)中国工农红军的“万里长征”：The Long March.
2．demand的用法
1)demand表示具体的“要求”或“要求的东西”时，为可数名词。
①It is impossible to satisfy all demands.
有求必应是不可能的。
②There're so many demands on my time that I have very little leisure. 有许多事要花时间去做，简直没有空暇。
2)demand用于表示抽象、笼统的“要求”，是不可数名词，但可用a (an)加形容词来修饰。
①Is there much / a great demand for teachers in this town?
这个镇子很需要老师吗？
②Our goods are in great demand. 我们的货走俏。
3)demand可用作及物动词。人做主语时，表示“请求，强令，询问”，物做主语时，作“需要”解。
①The door keeper demanded my business.守门人问我有何事。
②He demanded the waiter. 他招呼服务员。
③This illness demands a long rest.这种病需要长期休养。
④Does the letter demand an immediate answer?
这信需要立即回复吗？
【注意】demand不可带双宾语，只可使用of或from．
①I demand a definite answer of him.
我要求他给我一个明确答案。
②He demanded money from the woman.他向那位妇女要钱。
4)demand可用名词作定语，也可使用that从句作宾语，但从句中须用should加动词原形形式，should可省略。
①The policeman demands her address.警察要她说出地址。
②He demands that I (should) tell him everything.
他要我把一切都告诉他。
③We demand that the meeting (should)be postponed.
我们要求会议延期召开。
3．dream的用法
dream [dri:m] n. “梦；梦想；心愿”vt. “做梦；梦见”。例如：
①I sometimes have terrible dreams at night.
我有时在夜间做些可怕的梦。
②The little boy has dreams of being a scientist.
那位小男孩梦想当一名科学家。
③His dream is to win the first prize in the match.
他的心愿是在这次竞赛中获得一等奖。
④I dreamed a strange dream that night.
那天夜里我做了一个奇怪的梦。
4．forbid的用法
forbid [f+'bid] vt. 禁止；不许；阻止。forbid为不规则动词，过去式为forbade，过去分词为forbidden。例如：
①We should forbid our children to smoke.
我们应该禁止孩子吸烟。
②She forbade her daughter to eat too much meat.
她不允许她女儿吃太多的肉。
③Students are forbidden to use the computer without the teacher's special permission.
没有老师的特别允许，学生不许使用这台电脑。
④The terrible weather forbids us to have a picnic.
糟糕的天气使我们无法去野餐。
5．win,beat和defeat
1)win的意思是“赢”、“获胜”、“得到成功”，在作为及物动词时，它的宾语往往是奖品、奖学金、名誉、财产、战争或运动等等。如：
①She had a nature that quickly won her the friendship of her classmates.
她具有一种天性，这使她很快地获得同学们的友谊。
②He soon won a reputation for himself.
他很快就为自己赢得了声誉。
③Mary won the first place in the competition.
玛丽在竞赛中获得第一名。
④He won three second places in the seven events.
他在七项比赛中得了三个第二名。
2)beat译成汉语也有“赢”、“取胜”、“战胜”之意。但跟win的用法不同，这个动词后面跟的是比赛、竞争中的对手或战争中的敌人。如：
①I beat John at chess yesterday.昨天我和约翰下棋并赢了他。
②We beat their team by 5∶4.我们以五比四战胜他们队。
③I'll beat you to the top of that hill.
我们比赛看谁先到山顶上，我将赢你。
3)defeat本来用于描述战争中打败敌人，现在可与beat换用，以表示击败对手。
①He was badly defeated / beaten in the election.
他在选举中惨败。
②Last term our school defeated / beat their school at football.
上学期在足球赛中我们学校赢了他们学校。
6．imagine的用法
imagine [i'm$dNin] vt. 想象；设想。其后通常跟名词或代词、动词-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。例如：
①We can't imagine the situation in spaceship.
我们想象不到在飞船里的情况。
②You can imagine their delight at the good news.
你可以想象他们听了这个好消息有多么高兴。
③I can't imagine working with such a foolish man.
我难以想象与那种傻瓜在一起工作的情形。
④Imagine her to be in your place,how would she act?
设想她处于你的地位，她会怎么办？
⑤We shouldn't imagine ourselves to be always wrong.
我们不要以为自己总是错的。
⑥You can't imagine what a beautiful scenery the West Lake is.
你想象不出西湖景色是多么的美。
7．share的用法
1)share作名词时，意为“分得的一份”、“股份”，是可数名词。
①She owns fifty shares in the business.
她在这家企业中占有五十股。
②They divided the money into equal shares.
他们把钱分成若干等份。
share作“一分责任/功劳”解释时是不可数名词，但可与a连用，表示具体的一种。如：
③What share did he have in their success?
在他们的成功中他有什么贡献？
④You must take your share of the blame.
你必须承受你那一份过失。
2)share作为动词时，解释为“分给”、“共有”、“分享”。如：
①He would share his last penny with me.即使他只有一分钱，也会分给我用。
②He hated having to share the hotel bedroom with a stranger.
他不喜欢和陌生人同住这个旅馆的房间。
③I will share (in) the cost with you.我将与你分摊费用。
④She shares (in) my troubles as well as (in) my joys.她与我苦乐与共。
8．some time,sometime和sometimes的用法区别
1)some time的意思是“一段时间”。例如：
①It took the old blind man quite some time to find the elephant at all.
就是找到大象还花了那位老盲人相当一段时间呢。
②The fire kept burning for some time before it was put down.
大火烧了一些时候才被扑灭。
2)sometime是指“在某个不确定的时间”，常用于将来时态，也可用于一般过去时态中。例如：
③We are sure to return the book sometime next month.
我们下一个月某个时候肯定还书。
④Our office building was built sometime around 1988.
我们的办公楼是1988年的某个时候建成的。
3)sometime是频度副词，意为“有时”，“不止一次”。例如：
⑤Sometimes he can answer the question correctly and sometimes incorrectly.
他有时能正确地回答问题，有时回答得不正确。
⑥We sometimes go on working until early next morning.
我们有时一直工作到第二天一早。
9．educate的用法
1)educate用作动词，意为“训练某人的思想性格，教育某人。”
①The public should be educated in how to use energy more effectively.
公众应受到合理利用能源的教育。
②Parents should educate their children to behave well.
父母应当教育子女守规矩。
③Where were you educated? 你在哪儿接受的(学校)教育？
2)education是其名词形式，意为“教育”。是个不可数名词。
①A child receives its early education at home.
幼儿在家接受早期教育。
②No country can afford to neglect the education of its young people.
任何国家都不能忽视对年轻人的教育。
10．form的用法
1)form可用作名词，可指“外貌、外形、形式”或“礼貌”。
①We could just manage to see the form of an air-craft taking off in the fog.
飞机在雾中起飞，我们仅仅能看出它的轮廓。
②The plural form of“goose” is“geese".
goose的复数形式是geese。
③What is the form? 怎样才算得体？
2)form作名词还可表示“(运动员等的)状态”。
①The team were on excellent form throughout the whole competition.
这个队在整个比赛过程中一直处于极好的竞技状态。
②On present form,Spain will win tonight's match.
就西班牙目前的状态来看，今晚的比赛能赢。
③They were both in good form at dinner.
晚饭时他们俩精神都挺好。
3)form用作名词还可指“表格”。
He is filling in the application form.他正在填申请表。
4)form可用作动词，表示“形成、构成”或“组织”。
①The reservoir was formed by flooding the valley.
这个水库是水淹没山谷而形成的。
②The Labour Leader was asked to form a new government.
工党领袖被要求组织新政府。
③His research formed the basis of his new book.
他的研究成果是他这本新书的基穿
5)form作动词，还意为“排列”、“养成”。
①The teacher formed the children into a line.老师让学生排成一行。
②A good character is formed by strict discipline.
好的性格是靠严格的纪律培养起来的。
11．separate与divide
1)divide意为“分开”、“分成”。指把具有统一性的东西分成几部分，往往含有自然划分之意，并强调按比例“划分”，“分隔”成若干部分。如：
①The fence divides the garden in half.篱笆把花园隔成两半。
②Our class is divided into four groups.我们班被分成四组。
③The shop assistants divided the apples into different classes.
店员把苹果按级分类。
④He divides his time between work and play.
他的时间分别用于工作和娱乐。
2)separate意为“使分开”、“使分离”、“分手”。指把原来结合在一起或混杂的东西分开，被分开的东西没有任何统一性，有时含有用暴力强行分开之意。
①England is separated from France by the English Channel.
英国和法国被英吉利海峡分开。
②Can you separate oxygen from air?
你能把氧气从空气中分离出来吗？
③We talked until midnight and then separated.
我们谈到午夜才分手。
④Separate the good ones from the bad.把好的和坏的分开。
3)separate还可以作形容词，意为“分开的”、“各别的”如：
①Keep these separate from those.不要把这些和那些混在一起。
②The children sleep in separate beds.
孩子们各自睡在自己床上。
重要词组短语
1．put … into prison的用法
put … into prison意为“将某人关进监狱”，其被动形式为be put into prison(被关进监狱)，be sent to prison(被送进监狱)，be in prison (在监狱里)，be thrown into prison(被投入监狱)。注意这些词组中prison前通常都不加冠词。再如：
①They have been in prison for five years.
他们已经坐了五年牢。
②Both the robbers and the thieves should be sent to prison.
抢劫犯和小偷都应该被送去坐牢。
③Anyone who breaks the law should be thrown into prison.
任何人只要犯了法，就应该被投入监狱。
【注意】如果prison前加冠词，可以指监狱的房子，这里prison是可数名词。例如：
①They all went to the prison to visit the prisoners.
他们都到监狱里去看犯人去了。
②They broke into the prison and set all the political prisoners free.
他们闯入监狱，把所有政治犯都释放了。
2．the rest的用法
the rest意为“余留者；其余”，它既可以指代可数名词，也可以指代不可数名词 (= what remains; the remains) 。例如：
①They took what they wanted and threw the rest away.
他们把他们想要的拿去了，把其它的丢掉了。
②Some students were studying in the classroom,the rest went to borrow books from the library.
一些同学在教室里学习，其他同学都去到图书馆借书去了。
③She lived the rest of her life in China.
她在中国度过了晚年。
3．join,join in和take part in
1)加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，用join，不可用join in。如：
①He will never forget the day when he joined the Party.
他永远也忘不了他入党的那一天。
②His brother joined the army three years ago.
他哥哥是三年前参军的。
join还可解释为“连接”。如：
①The railway joined the two cities.
铁路把两个城市连接起来了。
②The two clauses are joined by a conjunction.
两个分句由一个连词连接起来。
2)说参加某种活动用join in，如说“与其人一起做某事”，则用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如：
①May I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？
②Come and join us in the discussion. 来和我们一起讨论吧！
③We are having supper now.Would you like to join us?
我们正在吃晚饭，你也来和我们一起吃好吗？
3)take part in参加(群众性活动、会议等)，往往指参加者持积极态度．起一份作用。如：
①A great number of students took part in May 4 Movement.
大批学生参加了五四运动。
②We are going to have an English evening. Do you want to take part?
我们准备举办一个英语晚会，你想参加吗？
③How many of you are going to take part?
你们多少人准备参加？
④All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning.
所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。
4．in danger的用法
in danger意为“处境危险”。例如：
①The little girl is not in danger now.
这个小女孩现在已脱离危险了。
②While in danger you may ask the police for help.
处境危险时，可向警察求助。
【注意】比较以下短语：be in great danger处境极其危险；be in no danger 处境不危险；be out of danger脱险(脱离险境)；be in danger of处于……危险之中；be in safety(处境)安全；cannot do sth. with safety做某事不可能没有危险。又如：
③He has been out of danger,that is to say,he is in no danger or he is in safety.
他已经脱离了危险，也就是说，他的处境不危险了．或者说他处于安全之中了。
5．come up的用法
1)come up可指“(植物)长出地面”，“(太阳)升起”。
①The flowers are just beginning to come up.
花刚开始长出地面。
②The seeds I sowed last week haven't come up yet.
我上星期种的种子至今还未发芽。
③I like to get up early and watch the sun come up.
我喜欢早起看日出。
2)come up表示“过来”。
①He came up to the policeman and asked the way.
他走上前去向警察问路。
②I could hear footsteps coming up behind me.
我听见身后有脚步声过来。
3)come up可表示“发生，出现”。
①I'll let you know if anything comes up.
一有事发生我就通知你。
②I'm afraid something urgent has come up; I won't be able to see you tonight. 很抱歉，有点儿急事，今晚不能见你了。
4)come up还表示“被提及，被讨论”。
①The subject came up in conversation.
这个话题在谈话中提到了。
②The question never came up in discussion.
讨论中始终未提及这个问题。
5)come up还可表示“(彩票)中奖”。
My number came up and I won ￡ 100.
我中奖了，赢了100英镑。
6)come up to sth. 表示“升到(某点)，达到(某标准)”。
①The water came up to my neck. 水上升到我的颈部。
②His performance didn't really come up to his usual high standard.
他没有真正表现出平日的高水平。
③Their holiday in France didn't come up to expectations.
他们在法国度假未尽如人意。
常用句型结构
1．not … but句型
not … but为并列连词，连接两个并列成分，意为“不是……而是”。例如：
①He is not a student,but a teacher.
他不是学生，而是教师。(并列表语)
②They are not speaking English,but writing letters.
他们不是在讲英语，而是在写信。(并列谓语)
③Not the student but his parents want to ask for my advice on how to improve spoken English.
不是这个学生而是学生家长要求我给提些如何改善英语口语的建议。(并列主语)
【注意】当“not … but”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词必须与靠近的那个主语保持人称和数的一致。又如：
①Not I but a friend of mine has been to Tianjin last summer.
不是我而是我的一个朋友去年夏天去过天津。
②Not a friend of mine but I have been to Tianjin last summer.
不是我的一个朋友而是我去年夏天去过天津。
③Not he but I speak English fluently.
不是他而是我英语讲得流利。
④Not I but he speaks English fluently.
不是我而是他英语讲得流利。

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