第18单元重点知识辅导
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罗玉南


重点词语用法
1．lay的用法
lay[lei]vt. 放置；摆放。它是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词均为laid。例如：
①He laid the envelope on the table.他把信封放在桌子上。
②She was ill and laid herself in bed all day long.
她病了，整天躺在床上。
③Please lay these desks along,not across.
这些书桌请顺着放，别横着放。
④In order to lay a solid foundation they work hard at English.
为了打下坚实的基础，他们刻苦地学习英语。
⑤The boy lying on the ground lied that he had laid the dictionary on the table.
躺在地板上的那个男孩谎称他把词典放在桌子上了。
2．动词book的用法
book[buk] vt. 订(票、座位、房间等)。例如：
①I have booked a room on the first floor.
我已经在一楼订了个房间。
②Have they booked ticket for the wonderful film?
他们已经订了那部精彩影片的票了吗？
③You can book the seats for the theatre in the early morning.
一大早你就可以预定剧院的座位。
④I want to book the plane ticket to Jinan.
我想订张去济南的飞机票。
3．determine的用法
determine [di't+min]v.其后通常接不定式短语、从句或介词短语，意为“决心，决定”(=decide; make up one's mind)。例如：
①We determined to finish the work ahead of time.
我们决定提前完成工作。
②I haven't determined when we will hold the meeting.
我还没有决定什么时候召开这次会议。
③Did he determine on an early start?他决定早点动身了吗？
【注意】determine的过去分词形式determined通常用作表语，其后跟不定式短语或从句。例如：
①If he is determined to do something,nobody can stop him from doing so.
如果他决定做某事，任何人也无法阻止他去做。
②All the students in our class are determined to learn English well.
我班所有的同学都决心学好英语。
③His brother was determined to give us some advice on English grammar.
他哥哥决定给我们提一些关于英语语法的建议。
④Our teacher was determined that no one should fall behind this term.
我们老师下决心这学期不让一个人掉队。
4．promise的用法
promise['pr&mis] vt.“答应；允诺”。其后通常可跟名词、代
词、不定式或that从句等。例如：
①They promised an immediate help.他们答应立即给予帮助。
②He promised us a present for our party.
他答应晚会上送我们一件礼物。
③I promised to help the people in need of help.
我答应帮助那些需要帮助的人们。
④I promise my daughter that I shall buy her a new toy in Beijing.
我答应我女儿给她在北京买一件新玩具。
⑤He that promises too much means nothing.
[谚语]许愿太多的人是不打算兑现的。
5．absent
1)absent是形容词，相当于not present,away，作“不在，缺席”解，常用作表语。
absent from school 未到校 absent from work 未上班
absent from duty 缺勤absent on business 因事缺勤
absent on a tour 外出旅游absent with leave 请假缺席
absent without leave 无故缺席
2)其名词形式为absence。
①His repeated absence is worrying.他一再缺课令人担忧。
②In the absence of the manager,I shall be in charge.经理不在时，由我负责。
3)absence of mind是“心不在焉”的意思。absent-minded意为“心不在焉的，健忘的”，用作形容词。
①It was absence of mind that made him insensible to all that was passing around him.
由于他心不在焉，他一点也不知道周围发生的事。
②He became absent-minded with age.
因上了年纪他变得丢三落四的。
6．consider
1)consider作“考虑”解时，后面接动名词或从句，不可接不定式。
①He considered going to see them in person.
他考虑亲自去看望他们。
②Have you considered how you could get there?
你是否考虑过如何到哪儿。
2)consider 作“认为”解时可接从句或不定式复合结构。
①We considered that you are not to blame.我们认为不该责怪你。
②We considered him(to be) the best.我们认为他最好。
③She is considered to lack experience.人们认为她经验不足。
④He will be considered a wise leader.
他将会被认为是个明智的领导。
7．holiday ＆ vacation
1)通常情况下，我们用单数holiday表示一两天的短假期，较长时间的多用 a holiday或 holidays.
① We've got a holiday next month. 下月我们休假。
②I had to work on Bank Holiday Monday.
星期一公休，可是我还得上班。
③Where are you going for your summer holiday(s)?
夏季假期你去哪儿？
2)以下词组中总用单数：
three weeks' holiday,on holiday,on vacation.
3)vacation 在英国英语中用于大学的假期。在美国英语中用来指长时期的休假才用 vacation.
8．名词way的几种用法
way在这里作“方法”解释，只有单数形式，其前的介词用in，不能用by或with,如 way前面有this,that或形容词性物主代词时，介词可省去。如：
①He always speaks in a careless way.
他说起话来总是漫不经心。
②Do it any way you like.你爱怎么干就怎么干。
③I think you are putting it together the wrong way.
我认为你把它装错了。
④You should do it(in) his way.
你应该按照他的方式去做这件事。
⑤Do it(in) your own way if you don't like my way.
如果你不喜欢我的方式，按照你自己的方式做那件事吧！
⑥The work must be finished(in)one way or another.
这件工作必须设法做好。
way作为“方法”、“方式”解释时，其后可跟不定式或of短语作定语。两者基本相同。如：
①Man is trying to find ways to stop pollution.
人类正努力寻找制止污染的方法。
②He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
他有一个别出心裁的方式使他的课生动有趣。
③There is no way to prove he was stealing money.
无法证明他在偷钱。
④There is no way of getting in touch with her.
无法与她取得联系。
但要注意 way of后面不能接名词，如后接名词，则不用 way of,而要用 means of来代替。如：
①I've tried all possible means of communication.
我已经用了一切可能的联系办法。
(此句不能说…ways of communication)
②We express our thoughts by means of language.
我们通过语言表达思想。(不能说 ways of language)
请注意 in the way和 on the way的区别，in the way意为“障碍”，或阻止你到想去的地方的人或物；on the way意为“在途中”。试比较：
①Don't stand in the way. 别挡路(或不要妨碍人)。
②Let's not stop too often on the way.
咱们别老在途中停留了。
重要词组短语
1．in charge of ＆ in the charge of
1)in charge of sth.意为“负责某事”。
①He was in charge of the shop while the manager was away.
经理不在，他负责这家商店。
②Mary is in charge of the baby.玛丽负责照料这个婴儿。
2)in the charge of sb. 意为“在某人的掌管之下”。
①This ward is in the charge of Dr. Green.
此间病房由格林医生负责。
②The patients are in the charge of Dr. Wilson.
这些病人由威尔逊大夫治疗。
2．in common意为“与……有共同之处；和……一样”；“共有；公用”。
例如：
①They have the same teacher,so they have many things in common.
他们同出一师，所以有许多共同之处。
②In common with her mother,she is good at singing and dancing.
和她妈妈一样，她擅长唱歌和跳舞。
③The teacher in our group have books and dictionaries in common.
我们组的老师公用这些书和词典。
④My brother and I have the motor in common.
我和哥哥共有这辆摩托车。
3．get in touch with 意为“与……取得联系”；lose touch with意为“丧失了与……的联系”；keep in touch with意为“与……保持联系”。例如：
①We have got in touch with each other by telephone.
我们已经通过电话联系上了。
②They had great trouble in getting in touch with their father abroad.
他们费了很大劲才与国外的爸爸取得了联系。
③They keep in touch with each other by mail.
他们通过写信保持联系。
④We have made many foreign friends but we have lost touch with some of them.
我们认识许多外国朋友，但是有些已经丧失了联系。
4．worry about(trouble about)意为“担心；烦恼”，常与名词、代词或动词-ing形式连用。例如：
①Don't worry about my health,I can take good care of myself.
不要为我的健康担心，我会照顾好自己的。
②It seemed as if the young man had something to worry about.
那个年轻人好象在为什么事发愁。
③First of all,don't worry about being short.
首先，不要为个矮烦恼。
【注意】worry的形容词形式为worried,意为“焦虑的，烦恼的，担心的”。例如：
①He has a worried look. 他有一副烦恼的样子。
②What's the matter? Why do you look so worried?
有什么事？你为什么看上去这样焦虑？
5．turn up 意为“来(开会、赴约等)，出席”。例如：
①He was expecting her at ten,but she didn't turn up.
他指望她十点来，她却没来。
②They didn't turn up because they failed to catch the first bus.
由于没有赶上早班汽车，他们没有来。
③They were very glad I turned up so early.
他们很高兴我来得这么早。
④There are 150 people to turn up for the conference.
将有150人参加这次会议。
【注意】turn up还通常作“(把收音机等)开大点”解。例如：
①Turn up the radio a little in order that I can hear the programme .
把收音机音量开大一点，以便我能听见节目。
②They closed the door and turned up the lamp.
他们关上门，把灯拨亮了一些。
6．or rather 意为“或者”
当我们想要纠正已经说过的话，或欲使已说过的话更确切，我们常用or rather 这一表达方式。如：
①He is a writer,or rather a novelist.
他是一个作家，或者更确切地说是一位小说家。
②The building is like a palace,or rather a temple.
这幢建筑物象一座宫殿，或者更确切地说象一座庙宇。
③He worked till late last night,or rather,early this morning.
他昨晚一直工作到深夜，或者更确切地说，到今天凌晨。
④Karl is very clever,or rather a hardworking boy.
卡尔很聪明，或者更确切地说是一个很勤奋的孩子。
7．be up to的用法
1)be up to 意为“从事于”、“忙于”， to 是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词。如：
①What is he up to? 他在做什么？
②What tricks has she been up to?她一直在玩什么把戏？
③He is up to no good.他正在做无益之事。
④Go and see what these naughty boys are up to.
去看看这些顽皮男孩在做什么？
2)be up to sb. 意为“应由某人负责”，常用 It作主语。如：
①It is up to you to decide whether to go or stay.
该由你来决定是走还是留。
②It's up to us to give them all the help we can.
我们理应尽力给他们帮助。
②It is up to me to get the four of us moving.
该由我来召集我们四个人行动起来。
④It's up to you to choose where we should go.
我们要去的地点由你负责选择。
3)be up to亦可作“胜任”、“适于”解释。
①He is not up to his work.他不胜任他的工作。
②I don't feel up to going to work today.
我今天有点不适，不去工作了。
③This new book of Green's isn't up to his last.
格林的这本新书不及他本人的前一本书。
④The product is up to standard. 这产品符合标准。
4)be up to还可作“直到”、“以至”解释。如：
up to now直到现在
count from one up to twenty从一数到二十
常用句型结构
1．The first person is angry about something.
be angry with sb. for/about sth./doing sth.为某事与某人生气/恼火。如：
①I was angry with myself for making such stupid mistake.
我因为犯了这么蠢的错误而生自己的气。
②Don't be angry with me for not having written back.
别因为我没写回信而生我的气。
③What are you angry about? 你生的是哪门子气？
④He was angry at finding that nothing has been done.
他发现什么也没干而感到生气。
⑤I got very angry at what he said.
我对他说的话感到很恼火。
2．与rather有关的几个句式
1)would/had rather do,表示主观上的愿望和选择，意为“宁愿……”。
①I would rather not go out tonight,if you don't mind.
如果你不介意，我今晚宁愿不出去。
②I'd rather stay at home and watch TV.
我宁愿留在家里看电视。
③Which would you rather have,tea or coffee?你喜欢喝茶还是喝咖啡？
2)had/would rather + sb. + 动词过去式。意为“宁愿某人做某事”。表示对于现在或将来的一种愿望。
①I had rather you did it. 我宁愿你做了这事。
②You always go without me,and I'd rather you didn't.
你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。
③--Tony is leaving by the 10 o'clock train.
--I'd rather he left on an earlier train.
“托尼将乘10点的火车离开。”“我倒宁愿他乘前一班火车。”
3)had/would rather sb. +动词的过去完成式，意为“宁愿某人曾做过某事”，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
①I'd rather he had told me about it.
我倒宁愿他告诉了我这件事。
②I've spent too much money on travelling.I'd rather you hadn't.
我在旅游上花费太大。但愿你没有这样做。
4)would/had rather do than do. 意为“宁愿……而不愿”表示选择偏爱前者。
①I would rather try and fail than gave up the plan.
我宁愿试了失败了，也不愿放弃计划。
③He had rather give up his house than sell his car.
他宁愿放弃房屋，也不愿卖车。
5)prefer to do rather than do. 意为“宁愿……而不愿”。
①I prefer to work rather than remain idle.
我宁愿工作，也不愿闲着。
②I prefers to write to her rather than telephone her.我喜欢写信给她，而不愿打电话给她。

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